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PMR111-08 Egypt, Cairo: view of the Citadel (built 1176) and the Mosque of Mohammed Ali, from a window of the Mosque of Sultan Hassan. Keywords: historical, architecture, culture, antiquity, mediaeval, Islam, religion, minarets
PMR-D7622 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). The vaulted cistern was built in 1514 as part of the original Portuguese citadel for use as a grain store or arsenal, but converted around 1541 to a water cistern, holding 5,000 tonnes of water. The Manueline-style vaults are supported by 25 pillars. The cistern was used in the shooting of the film "Othello" by Orson Welles. Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO
PMR-D7621 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). The vaulted cistern was built in 1514 as part of the original Portuguese citadel for use as a grain store or arsenal, but converted around 1541 to a water cistern, holding 5,000 tonnes of water. The Manueline-style vaults are supported by 25 pillars. The cistern was used in the shooting of the film "Othello" by Orson Welles. Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO
PMR-D7620 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). The vaulted cistern was built in 1514 as part of the original Portuguese citadel for use as a grain store or arsenal, but converted around 1541 to a water cistern, holding 5,000 tonnes of water. The Manueline-style vaults are supported by 25 pillars. The cistern was used in the shooting of the film "Othello" by Orson Welles. Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO
PMR-D7610 Morocco, Essaouira: the port citadel, built by the Genoese, with a row of bronze cannons on the ramparts. Keywords: Africa, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, architecture, historic, national heritage, picturesque, colourful
PMR-D7609 Morocco, Essaouira: the port citadel, built by the Genoese, with a row of bronze cannons on the ramparts. Keywords: Africa, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, architecture, historic, national heritage, picturesque, colourful
PMR-D7608 Morocco, Essaouira: fishing boats in the harbour basin, with the harbour fortifications and Genoese-built citadel behind. Keywords: Africa, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, architecture, historic, national heritage, picturesque, colourful
PMR-D7607 Morocco, Essaouira: view of the medina and Place Orson Welles from the Genoese-built citadel. Keywords: Africa, picturesque, national heritage, historic, architecture, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb
PMR-D7605 Morocco, Essaouira: the harbour and quayside with fishing boats, from the roof of the Genoese-built citadel. Below, the harbour fortifications, complete with cannons. Keywords: Africa, port, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, architecture, historic, national heritage
PMR-D2832 Greece, Island of Rhodes: part of the loggia in the inner courtyard of the Palace of the Grand Master, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century on the site of an earlier Byzantine citadel. Largely rebuilt during the Italian occupation. Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller
PMR-D0366 Cambodia, Siem Reap: the Khmer temples were built as the Khmer civilization flowered, from the 8th to the 14th centuries AD in what is now Cambodia and Thailand. The architectural style closely resembles that of India at the same period, but Hindu gods are often joined, or even replaced, by figures of Buddha. Angkor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This picture: Banteay Srei Temple (Citadel of the Women), built by King Rajendravarman in the 10th century: one of the many faces which adorn the temple. Keywords: historic, national heritage, picturesque, temples, Hindu, Buddhist, religion, architecture, Khmer, shrine
PMR-D0365 Cambodia, Siem Reap: the Khmer temples were built as the Khmer civilization flowered, from the 8th to the 14th centuries AD in what is now Cambodia and Thailand. The architectural style closely resembles that of India at the same period, but Hindu gods are often joined, or even replaced, by figures of Buddha. Angkor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This picture: Banteay Srei Temple (Citadel of the Women), built by King Rajendravarman in the 10th century: two of the many faces which adorn the temple. Keywords: historic, national heritage, picturesque, temples, Hindu, Buddhist, religion, architecture, Khmer, shrine
PMR291-09 Turkey, Cappadocia, Nevsehir: the old quarter extends right up the hill which is crowned by the citadel. Keywords: landscape, hills, community, stony, barren
PMR232-10 Romania, Alba, Aiud: fortified church or citadel dating from 14th-16th centuries, which provided protection for the townspeople in times of danger. Keywords: fortifications, defence, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, picturesque
PMR207-03 Israel, Jerusalem: view inside the Citadel, originally a palace of Herod the Great; later the palace of Pontius Pilate, garrison of the Roman X Legion, etc. Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque
PMR207-02 Israel, Jerusalem: the city wall on the west side, with the Citadel and David's Tower, Present-day city wall and gates were built by Suleiman the Magnificent in 1537-41. Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque
PMR-D3464 Germany, Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg: the Green Citadel designed by architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser and completed in 2005. Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful
PMR-D3396 Germany, Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg: part of the Green Citadel designed by architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser and completed in 2005. Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful
PMR148-11 Romania, Transylvania, Sighisoara (Schassburg): a living museum-town of the middle ages: handsome Renaissance-style building, with the citadel tower in the background. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, historical, heritage, mediaeval, UNESCO, Saxons, Schäßburg, cobblestones, Siebenburgen
PMR148-02 Romania, Transylvania, Sighisoara (Schassburg): a living museum-town of the middle ages: a street in the old town, approaching the massive 12th-century fortified citadel. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, historical, heritage, mediaeval, UNESCO, defence, fortifications, Saxons, Schäßburg
PMR-D2579 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Shams-Al Emarat (Edifice of the Sun), the mirror hall uses glass & gilding to great effect. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation, sumptuous, mosaic, faience, tiling, arabesques
PMR-D2578 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Shams-Al Emarat (Edifice of the Sun), filigree, colourful glass screens with floral motifs. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation, sumptuous, mosaic, faience, tiling, arabesques
PMR-D2577 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Shams-Al Emarat, The end of the opulently decorated hall with much use of mirror glass. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation, sumptuous, mosaic, faience, tiling, arabesques
PMR-D2576 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Shams-Al Emarat, part of the opulently decorated hall, with mirrored stained glass windows. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation, sumptuous, mosaic, faience, tiling, arabesques
PMR-D2575 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Shams-Al Emarat, showing the uniformed bandsmen lined up under the terrace, on tiles. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation, sumptuous, mosaic, faience, tiling, arabesques
PMR-D2574 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Shams-Al Emarat (Edifice of the Sun), built 1865-7 combined European influences (including height) with Persian architecture. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation, sumptuous, mosaic, faience, tiling, arabesques
PMR-D2573 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. A brilliant arched panel of colourful faience arabesques. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation
PMR-D2572 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Entrance to Talar-e Ayaheh (Hall of Mirrors) which formerly housed the Peacock Throne. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation
PMR-D2571 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Khalvat-e Karim Khani (Karim Khan Nook) dates from 1759. Exquisite faience work. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation
PMR-D2570 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Khalvat-e Karim Khani (Karim Khan Nook) with marble tombstone of Nasser al-Din Shah. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation
PMR-D2569 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Khalvat-e Karim Khani (Karim Khan Nook) with sumptuously decorated throne room. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation
PMR-D2568 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. Marble Throne Verandah with the throne, carved from 65 pieces of yellow Yazd alabaster in 1806 for Fath Ali Shah Qajar. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation
PMR-D2567 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. The Ivan-e Takht-e Marmar (Marble Throne Verandah) with carved alabaster throne. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation
PMR-D2566 Iran, Teheran: Golestan Palace Complex has been the seat of the Shahs since Nasser al-Din (reigned 1848-96) developed a Safavid-era citadel. It consists of a number of buildings spaced around a rectangular park. Qajar and Pahlevi Shahs were crowned here. The Ivan-e Takht-e Marmar (Marble Throne Verandah) at the end of a refelecting pool. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, metropolis, capital city, luxury, pomp, ostentation
PMR-D2463 Iran, Pasargadae: begun in 546 BC the city of Pasargadae was superseded by Darius's Persepolis. View from Tal e-Takht, the former citadel, over the Morghab Plain with the tomb of Cyrus the Great (left) and the Zagros Mountains behind. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, archeology
PMR-D2397 Iran, Shiraz: Arg-e Karim Khan (Citadel) was built in the early Zand period, as part of Karim Khan's royal court. It has four corner towers featuring ornamental brickwork, the south-eastern one leaning outwards due to subsidence. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, fortress, castle, fortifications
PMR-D2396 Iran, Shiraz: Arg-e Karim Khan (Citadel) was built in the early Zand period, as part of Karim Khan's royal court. It has four corner towers featuring ornamental brickwork, the south-eastern one leaning outwards due to subsidence. Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, fortress, castle, fortifications
PMR469-10 Romania. Transylvania, Sighisoara: the massive tower of the citadel, last rebuilt in 1676 after a fire, with clock, carillon and fading frescoes, is designed to withstand the toughest of sieges. Keywords: mediaeval, Schaessburg, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Saxon Land
PMR502-11 Cy<prus (North), Gazimagusa/Famagusta: entrance to the Lusignan Citadel (Shakespeare's Othello's Tower?) with its well preserved lion of St. Mark, acquired after subsequent rebuilding by the Venetians. Keywords: Gazimagusa, fortress, William Shakespeare, architecture
PMR455-12 Hungary, Budapest: view of the River Danube and city from the Citadel, with Elizabeth Bridge in the foreground. Keywords: picturesque, metropolis, capital city, national heritage
PMR132K-17 Cambodia, Siem Reap: the Khmer temples were built as the Khmer civilization flowered, from the 8th to the 14th centuries AD in what is now Cambodia and Thailand. The architectural style closely resembles that of India at the same period, but Hindu gods are often joined, or even replaced, by figures of Buddha. Angkor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This picture: rice field and typical countryside close to Banteay Srei Temple (Citadel of the Women), built by King Rajendravarman in the 10th century. Keywords: historic, national heritage, picturesque, temples, Hindu, Buddhist, religion, architecture, Khmer, shrine
PMR132K-16 Cambodia, Siem Reap: the Khmer temples were built as the Khmer civilization flowered, from the 8th to the 14th centuries AD in what is now Cambodia and Thailand. The architectural style closely resembles that of India at the same period, but Hindu gods are often joined, or even replaced, by figures of Buddha. Angkor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This picture: Banteay Srei Temple (Citadel of the Women), built by King Rajendravarman in the 10th century: all three sanctuaries with guardian figures, from the west. Keywords: historic, shrine, Khmer, architecture, religion, Buddhist, Hindu, temples, picturesque, national heritage
PMR132K-15 Cambodia, Siem Reap: the Khmer temples were built as the Khmer civilization flowered, from the 8th to the 14th centuries AD in what is now Cambodia and Thailand. The architectural style closely resembles that of India at the same period, but Hindu gods are often joined, or even replaced, by figures of Buddha. Angkor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This picture: Banteay Srei Temple (Citadel of the Women), built by King Rajendravarman in the 10th century: central sanctuary with "mandapa" (antechamber) and "antarala" (connecting corridor). Keywords: historic, national heritage, picturesque, temples, Hindu, Buddhist, religion, architecture, Khmer, shrine
PMR132K-14 Cambodia, Siem Reap: the Khmer temples were built as the Khmer civilization flowered, from the 8th to the 14th centuries AD in what is now Cambodia and Thailand. The architectural style closely resembles that of India at the same period, but Hindu gods are often joined, or even replaced, by figures of Buddha. Angkor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This picture: Banteay Srei Temple (Citadel of the Women), built by King Rajendravarman in the 10th century: guardian figures (modern replicas) with human and monkey heads Keywords: historic, national heritage, picturesque, temples, Hindu, Buddhist, religion, architecture, Khmer, shrine
PMR132K-13 Cambodia, Siem Reap: the Khmer temples were built as the Khmer civilization flowered, from the 8th to the 14th centuries AD in what is now Cambodia and Thailand. The architectural style closely resembles that of India at the same period, but Hindu gods are often joined, or even replaced, by figures of Buddha. Angkor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This picture: Banteay Srei Temple (Citadel of the Women), built by King Rajendravarman in the 10th century: bas relief on a lintel, with nagas and elephants. Keywords: historic, national heritage, picturesque, temples, Hindu, Buddhist, religion, architecture, Khmer, shrine
PMR128K-19 Canada, Quebec City: Chateau Frontenac, with cruise-liner terminal on the St. Lawrence River, viewed from the Citadel. Keywords: metropolis, picturesque, French-speaking, national heritage, historic, autumn, cityscape
PMR125K-19 Germany, Berlin, Spandau: the Citadel, erected from 1560 on the site of a "water castle" for the defence of Berlin. Keywords: East Germany, metropolis, national heritage, historic, architecture, picturesque, capital city
PMR118K-32 Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia, was originally the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. The Roman Temple of Hercules (2nd century AD) on the Citadel (Jebel Al Qala'a). Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia
PMR118K-31 Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia, was originally the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Modern sculptures and a classical column on the Citadel, with the modern city behind. Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia
PMR118K-30 Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia, was originally the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Shops and the sprawl of the modern city of 2.5 million inhabitants, seen from the Citadel. Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia
PMR118K-29 Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. A huge Jordanian flag, seen from the Citadel. Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia
PMR118K-28 Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. The Umayyad Palace, built on the Citadel Hill about 720 AD, showing the domed Audience Hall. Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Keywords: Muslim, Philadelphia, Roman architecture, architecture, metropolis, capital city, Islamic, Islam, ruins, archeological excavations
PMR118K-27 Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. The scant remains of the Temple of Hercules (2nd century AD) on the Citadel (Jebel Al Qala'a). Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Keywords: Muslim, Philadelphia, Roman architecture, architecture, metropolis, capital city, Islamic, Islam, ruins, archeological excavations
PMR118K-26 Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. View of the Roman Theatre and Hashemite Square (due for redevelopment), from the Citadel. Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Keywords: Muslim, Philadelphia, Roman architecture, architecture, metropolis, capital city, Islamic, Islam, ruins, archeological excavations
PMR118K-25 Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. The restored Roman Theatre, built about 150 AD, seats 6000 spectators. View from the Citadel. Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Keywords: Muslim, Philadelphia, Roman architecture, architecture, metropolis, capital city, Islamic, Islam, ruins, archeological excavations
PMR106K-13 Peru, Cusco, Pisac: In the vicinity of Pisac and the "Sacred Valley" a number of important Inca sites are to be found. The ruins of Q'allaqasa (the citadel), the highest of the ruins at Pisac, which are currently under restoration (March 2009). Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Urubamba Valley, fortifications, fort
PMR099K-36 Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, who were forcibly relocated to Buenos Aires in 1667. The settlement comprised about 5000 members of the Diaguita tribe. View from below. These people had no writing, but made patterns and signs with embedded white stones. Keywords: excavations, archeology, settlement, community, indigenous people
PMR099K-35 Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, who were forcibly relocated to Buenos Aires in 1667. The settlement comprised about 5000 members of the Diaguita tribe. General view of the site and the Calchaquíes valley beyond. Keywords: excavations, indigenous people, community, settlement, archeology
PMR099K-34 Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, who were forcibly relocated to Buenos Aires in 1667. The settlement comprised about 5000 members of the Diaguita tribe. General view of the site and the Calchaquíes valley beyond. Keywords: excavations, indigenous people, community, settlement, archeology
PMR099K-33 Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, who were forcibly relocated to Buenos Aires in 1667. The settlement comprised about 5000 members of the Diaguita tribe. Keywords: excavations, archeology, settlement, community, indigenous people
PMR090K-20 Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1466. Equestrian statue of national hero Skanderbeg (Gjergi Kastrioti, 1405-1466). Keywords: Shqiperia, monument, Kruje, fortifications, ruined fortress, citadel
PMR090K-19 Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. The old restored bazaar in a cobbled street below the fortress has an excellent selection of reasonably-priced textiles and antiques. Keywords: Shqiperia, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje
PMR090K-18 Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. The old restored bazaar in a cobbled street below the fortress, with the minaret of the mosque in the background. Keywords: Shqiperia, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje
PMR090K-17 Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. The Skanderbeg Museum, within the fortress walls, designed by the daughter and son-in.law of Enver Hoxha. Keywords: Shqiperia, Kruje, fortifications, ruined fortress, citadel
PMR090K-16 Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. The last remaining watchtower (restored). Keywords: Shqiperia, Kruje, fortifications, ruined fortress, citadel
PMR090K-09 Albania, Berat: In the 6th century BC the town was a Greek fortress-settlement of the Dassaretae tribe, later the Illyrian town of "Antipatrea", and then taken by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. Here: a square in the old walled citadel on the hill ("Kala"), with curved-roofed Ottoman hall in the foreground, and the fortified walls and towers of the citadel behind. Keywords: Shqiperia, Ottoman, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, historic town, Turkish houses, architecture
PMR090K-08 Albania, Berat: In the 6th century BC the town was a Greek fortress-settlement of the Dassaretae tribe, later the Illyrian town of "Antipatrea", and then taken by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. Here: a narrow cobbled street in the old walled citadel on the hilltop ("Kala"), where the bay windows of the second storey Ottoman houses almost meet. Keywords: Shqiperia, Ottoman, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, historic town, Turkish houses, architecture
PMR090K-07 Albania, Berat: In the 6th century BC the town was a Greek fortress-settlement of the Dassaretae tribe, later the Illyrian town of "Antipatrea", and then taken by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. Here: a cobbled street in the old walled citadel on the hilltop ("Kala"), with whitewashed Ottoman houses grow vines and flowers. Keywords: Shqiperia, Ottoman, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, historic town, Turkish houses, architecture
PMR090K-06 Albania, Berat: In the 6th century BC the town was a Greek fortress-settlement of the Dassaretae tribe, later the Illyrian town of "Antipatrea", and then taken by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. Here: a cobbled street in the old walled citadel on the hilltop ("Kala"), with a row of Ottoman houses. Keywords: Shqiperia, Ottoman, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, historic town, Turkish houses, architecture
PMR090K-05 Albania, Berat: In the 6th century BC the town was a Greek fortress-settlement of the Dassaretae tribe, later the Illyrian town of "Antipatrea", and then taken by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. Here: a cobbled street in the old walled citadel on the hilltop ("Kala"), with the owner of the five-roomed house, Abdulla, a confirmed Communist and supporter of Enver Hoxha, standing in front of the door. Keywords: Shqiperia, architecture, Turkish houses, historic town, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Ottoman
PMR056K-04 Malta, Gozo, Victoria/Rabat: the cathedral, built between 1697 and 1711, stands in the citadel.
PMR403-09 Hungary, Budapest: view of Elizabeth Bridge and Danube Cruise Ships from the Citadel. Keywords: Magyar, panorama, architecture, Danube, cityscape, capital city, metropolis
PMR403-08 Hungary, Budapest: view of Elizabeth Bridge, River Danube and Parliament Buildings from the Citadel. Keywords: Magyar, panorama, architecture, Danube, cityscape, capital city, metropolis
PMR402-12 Hungary, Budapest: action figure, part of the Russian War Memorial in front of the Citadel, looking over the south of the city. Keywords: Magyar, architecture, Danube, cityscape, capital city, metropolis
PMR402-11 Hungary, Budapest: evening view of the Danube and city, with Elizabeth Bridge (nearest), Chain Bridge and Margaret Bridge, from the Citadel. Keywords: Magyar, panorama, architecture, Danube, cityscape, capital city, metropolis
PMR639-05 Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. Here: the Skanderbeg (Gjergi Kastrioti) Museum, inside the fortress, designed by the daughter and son-in-law of Enver Hoxha. Keywords: Shqiperia, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje
PMR639-04 Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. View of one of the watchtowers which has recently been rebuilt. Keywords: Shqiperia, defenders' tower, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje
PMR639-03 Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. Here: the old bazaar, with the minaret of the mosque behind. Keywords: Shqiperia, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje
PMR639-02 Albania, Berat: Ottoman houses mounting the hillside give the town its pseudonym "town of a thousand windows". In the 6th century BC it was a Greek fortress-settlement of the Dassaretae tribe, later the Illyrian town of "Antipatrea", and then taken by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. View of the modern town from the Kala (citadel) whose walls go back to Roman and Byzantine times. Keywords: Shqiperia, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, historic town, Turkish houses, architecture
PMR638-09 Montenegro: Kotor, a UNESCO World Heritage site, has a history going back to Roman times when it was known as Acruvium. The massive bastion (Kampana Tower and Citadel) and wall on the north side of the old town (Stari Grad) flanking the River Skurda, date back to the 13th century. Keywords: picturesque, port, historic city, bastions, ramparts, fortifications, fortress, national heritage, mediaeval
PMR604-11 Malta, Gozo, Victoria/Rabat: view from the citadel, which now houses several museums. Keywords: fortress, citadel
PMR593-06 Mexico: Teotihuacan, probably the largest pre-Hispanic city in the Americas, covering about 156,000 square kilometres, with up to 200,000 inhabitants. Founded ca. 100 AD, flourished 300 to 650, abandoned by 750 AD. Identity of the builders is unknown. The Aztecs believed it was the work of giants. Four-stepped pyramid in the Citadel, behind which the temple of Qutzalcoatl was uncovered in 1920.
PMR652-04 Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, a branch of the Diaguita tribe, who resisted both Incas and Spaniards until forcibly relocated by the latter in 1667 to a reservation near Buenos Aires. The settlement comprised about 5000 persons. Restored in 1978. View from above showing the Calchaquies Valley behind. Keywords: excavations, archeology, ruined settlement, indigenous people
PMR652-03 Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, a branch of the Diaguita tribe, who resisted both Incas and Spaniards until forcibly relocated by the latter in 1667 to a reservation near Buenos Aires. The settlement comprised about 5000 persons. Restored in 1978. View from the side showing surviving foundation walls. Keywords: excavations, archeology, ruined settlement, indigenous people
PMR652-02 Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, a branch of the Diaguita tribe, who resisted both Incas and Spaniards until forcibly relocated by the latter in 1667 to a reservation near Buenos Aires. The settlement comprised about 5000 persons. Restored in 1978. View from above. Keywords: excavations, archeology, ruined settlement, indigenous people

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