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Searching all stock for "columns":

Travel (351 files)

PMR110-11
Egypt, Thebes: the Great Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak: huge sandstone columns of of the Great Hypostyle Hall, 69 feet high, with 11-foot capitals. The stone grille windows above were originally the only source of light.
Keywords: Egyptology, archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR110-03
Egypt, Thebes: the Great Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak: huge columns of of the Great Hypostyle Hall, 69 feet high, with 11-foot capitals. Closer view of the reliefs on the columns and capitals, the latter still with gilt, turquoise and red colouring.
Keywords: Egyptology, archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR110-02
Egypt, Thebes: the Great Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak: huge columns of of the Great Hypostyle Hall, 69 feet high, with 11-foot capitals.
Keywords: Egyptology, archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR109-11
Egypt, Thebes: Temple of Luxor: papyrus columns (52 feet high), forming part of the pillared portico of the Temple of Amenophis III.
Keywords: Egyptology, archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR109-10
Egypt, Thebes: Temple of Luxor: papyrus columns, forming part of the double colonnade surrounding the Temple of Amenophis III.
Keywords: Egyptology, archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR107-05
Egypt: Kom Ombo Temple was built by Ptolemy I, II and III in the 2nd century BC and dedicated to the crocodile-god Sobek and the sparrow-hawk-god Horoeris, jointly. Open-lotus-flower column capitals; the the red, blue and gilt colouring is still well preserved on the architrave overhang.
Keywords: Egyptology, archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR103-10
Egypt, Aswan: the Temple of Isis on the Island of Agilkia, a few miles south of Aswan, formerly stood on the Island of Philae. Built between the 4th century BC and the 2nd century AD (Ptolemies and Romans). It was removed, stone by stone, and re-erected in its present position. Relief figure of Goddess Isis. Finely carved column capitals, all different.
The vertical grooves on the columns were made by garrisoned Roman soldiers sharpening their swords (in later centuries).
Keywords: Egyptology, archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR090-10
Austria, Sankt Pölten: the main square, Rathausplatz, with the Holy Trinity column and Baroque Franciscan Church.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, heritage, architecture

PMR090-09
Austria, Sankt Pölten: market stalls around the Maria column in the Herrenplatz.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, heritage, architecture

PMR090-05
Austria, Vienna: a modern sculpture and reflecting pool, with, in the background, the Karlskirche (St. Charles' Church), a fascinating mixture of architectural styles, Greek, Roman and Baroque. Built 1714-1737 by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo. The columns were copied from Trajan's Column in Rome.
Keywords: capital, city, architecture, historic, national heritage, metropolis, culture

PMR090-04
Austria, Vienna: Karlskirche (St. Charles' Church), a fascinating mixture of architectural styles, Greek, Roman and Baroque. Built 1714-1737 by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo. The columns were copied from Trajan's Column in Rome.
Keywords: capital, city, architecture, historic, national heritage, metropolis, culture

PMR089-12
Austria, Vienna: Karlskirche (St. Charles' Church), a fascinating mixture of architectural styles, Greek, Roman and Baroque. Built 1714-1737 by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo. The columns were copied from Trajan's Column in Rome. Karlsplatz in the foreground.
Keywords: capital, city, architecture, historic, national heritage, metropolis, culture

PMR081-05
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Munich: National Theatre, home of the Bavarian Opera, rebuilt after the war at a cost of 5 million pounds. In the centre of Max-Joseph-Platz the statue of Max I Joseph, the first king of Bavaria
Keywords: München, architecture, neo-classical, columns, cobblestones, monument, pediment

PMR075-12
Yugoslavia, Croatia, Split: souvenir stalls among the Roman columns with the Porta Argentea (Silver Gate) in the background
Keywords: architecture, historic, stone, heritage, ruins

PMR074-01
Yugoslavia, Croatia, Porec: colourful mosaics on the facade of the Basilica of Euphrasius, the best-preserved example anywhere of a 6th century Byzantine basilica.
Keywords: architecture, arcades, columns, capitals, unique, Istria

PMR070-09
Italy, Venice: view of the Isola San Giorgio, the Piazzetta San Marco, part of the Doge's Palace and the two granite columns bearing the lion of St Mark and the statue of St. Theodore, from the top of the campanile. Venice Lido is visible in the distance.
Keywords: Venezia, architecture, historic, heritage, palace, UNESCO

PMR049-12
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart: statue of Schiller in the Schillerplatz with the Old Chancery (16th century) behind
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, picturesque, monuments, columns, main square, bronze figure

PMR049-11
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart: fountain and Jubilee Column surmounted by the goddess Concordia (1841) in the Schlossplatz with the Old Castle behind
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, picturesque, monuments, columns, main square

PMR049-10
Germany, Baden-Wurttemberg, Stuttgart: statue of Christoph, the IV Duke of Wurttemberg, (1550-68) in the Schlossplatz with the New Castle on the left, Old Castle on the right, and TV Tower in the distance
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, picturesque, monuments, columns, main square, bronze figure

PMR047-10
Poland, Warsaw: the KIngs' Palace (reconstruction after WWII completed in 1974) and famous column of Sigismund, erected in 1644 by Vladislav IV
Keywords: architecture, historic, red-brick

PMR-D12057
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: a well preserved Roman Temple of Zeus dating from the 2nd century AD - has 16 standing Corinthian columns with architraves.
Keywords: Aegean, antiquity, archeology, architecture, art, culture, excavations, Greek, Hellenic, heritage, historic, masonry, picturesque, Roman, ruin

PMR-D11413
Greece, Island of Corfu, Kerkyra (Corfu town): the Palace of St. Michael and St. George, erected between 1819 and 1824 by Maltese masons for the British High Commissioner.
Keywords: architecture, colonnade, Doric columns, Ionian Islands, neoclassical

PMR-D11248
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the main street which connects the harbour to the Agora and is lined with Ionic columns, granite on the east and marble on the west.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11211
Greece, Island of Kastellorizo, Megisti: newly painted cherubim-heads on the capital of a column in the Orthodox church.
Keywords: artistic, colourful, culture, religion

PMR-D10919
Germany, Bavaria, Munich: the gilded figure of Maria with the infant Jesus, on her column, which is regarded as the central point of the city.
Keywords: architecture, culture, historical, national heritage, tourist attraction

PMR-D10918
Germany, Bavaria, Munich: Marienplatz with part of the New Town Hall, built 1867-1908 by Georg Hauberisser in New Gothic Style, the Maria Column, and the twin brick towers of the 15th-century cathedral (Frauenkirche).
Keywords: architecture, culture, historical, mediaeval, national heritage, tourist attraction

PMR-D10917
Germany, Bavaria, Munich: Marienplatz with the New Town Hall, built 1867-1908 by Georg Hauberisser in New Gothic Style, the Maria Column, and the twin brick towers of the 15th-century cathedral (Frauenkirche).
Keywords: architecture, culture, historical, national heritage, tourist attraction

PMR-D10573
Germany, Bavaria, Munich: Marienplatz, with the New Town Hall on the left, the Maria-column in the centre, and the Old Town Hall and Talburgtor-tower on the far side.
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, mediaeval, historical, tourist attraction

PMR-D10571
Germany, Bavaria, Munich: Marienplatz, with the Gothic Old Town Hall and adjacent Talburgtor (tower) dating back to 1470. In the foreground is the base of the Maria-column, erected in 1638 as thanksgiving during the 30-years-war.
Keywords: architecture, tourist attraction, historical, mediaeval, national heritage

PMR-D10570
Germany, Bavaria, Munich: the gilded figure of Maria on her column has been at the centre of Marienplatz since 1638. Behind is the Glockenspiel (carillon) on the facade of the New Town Hall. The lower scene recalls the coopers who danced through the city during the Plague to encourage the burghers, while the upper scene represents the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renate of Lorraine in 1568. Above, the cock crows at the completion of the performance.
Keywords: architecture, tourist attraction, musical bells, colourful, historical, mediaeval, national heritage

PMR-D9128
England, Derbyshire, Ticknall: Calke Abbey (National Trust), built for Sr John Harpur, 4th baronet, between 1701 and 1704 in Baroque style. The columned portico on the south facade, with the family standard flying above it.
Keywords: mansion, historic, heritage, architecture, gracious living, country house, parkland, Harpur Crewe family

PMR-D9126
England, Derbyshire, Ticknall: Calke Abbey (National Trust), built for Sr John Harpur, 4th baronet, between 1701 and 1704 in Baroque style. The south facade with columned portico.
Keywords: mansion, historic, heritage, architecture, gracious living, country house, parkland, Harpur Crewe family, estate

PMR-D8708
Chile. Chiloe, Castro: Nuestra Senora de Gracia Church de Nercon, built in 1886-90, is one of a number of historic wooden churches in Chiloe recognised by UNESCO. It is built of cypress and larch wood and the tower is 25 metres high. View of the nave with columns painted to look like marble.
Keywords: South America, timber, culture, Latin America, picturesque, traditional, heritage

PMR-D8015
Sweden, Gothenburg: the "Seaman's Wife" figure on a 49-metre- high column, dedicated to the city's seamen who died in the First World War.
Keywords: picturesque, monument, Scandinavia, architecture

PMR-D7652
Morocco, Rabat: the Hassan Tower, half-finished minaret of the huge mosque begun by Yacoub el-Mansour in 1191, abandoned at his death in 1199, with some of the re-erected columns, seen from the Mausoleum of Mohammed V. A marble fountain occupies the centre of the stone-inlaid terrace.
Keywords: Africa, architecture, Bou Regreg, Sala Colonia, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, capital city, royal city, tradition, culture, artistic

PMR-D7651
Morocco, Rabat: the Hassan Tower, half-finished minaret of the huge mosque begun by Yacoub el-Mansour in 1191, abandoned at his death in 1199, with some of the re-erected columns, seen from the Mausoleum of Mohammed V.
Keywords: Africa, architecture, Bou Regreg, Sala Colonia, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, capital city, royal city, tradition, culture, artistic

PMR-D7648
Morocco, Rabat: the Hassan Tower, half-finished minaret of the huge mosque begun by Yacoub el-Mansour in 1191, abandoned at his death in 1199, with some of the re-erected columns.
Keywords: Africa, architecture, Bou Regreg, Sala Colonia, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, capital city, royal city, tradition, culture, artistic

PMR-D7526
Morocco, Telouet: the Palace of Glaoui on the caravan route from the Sahara to Marakesh over the High Atlas Mountains was the home of the wealthy Glaoui family. Built in the 1860s and extended in the early 20th century, no cost was spared on the interior decoration. It lies at 1800 metres a.s.l. near the Berber village of Telouet.
The walls and column arches are covered with the finest stucco work.
Keywords: Africa, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, architecture, culture, national heritage, historic, artistic

PMR-D7390
Morocco: Volubilis, a Roman city built on the site of the Berber and Carthaginian settlements in the first century AD, was originally the capital of the kingdom of Mauretania. Much of the stonework was taken in the 18th century for the building of Meknes. Some of the remaining columns surrounding the pool in the House of Columns.
Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, archeological site, Roman architecture, national heritage, classical architecture, historic, culture, stone-carving, excavations, Maghreb

PMR-D7389
Morocco: Volubilis, a Roman city built on the site of the Berber and Carthaginian settlements in the first century AD, was originally the capital of the kingdom of Mauretania. Much of the stonework was taken in the 18th century for the building of Meknes. Sole remaining "twisted" Corinthian column in the House of Columns.
Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, archeological site, Roman architecture, national heritage, classical architecture, historic, culture, stone-carving, excavations, Maghreb

PMR-D7384
Morocco: Volubilis, a Roman city built on the site of the Berber and Carthaginian settlements in the first century AD, was originally the capital of the kingdom of Mauretania. Much of the stonework was taken in the 18th century for the building of Meknes. Unidentified carved columns.
Keywords: Africa, Maghreb, excavations, stone-carving, culture, historic, classical architecture, national heritage, Roman architecture, archeological site, UNESCO

PMR-D6748
Northern Ireland, County Antrim, Causeway Coast: view from the cliff-top path to the east, with a rocky cove in the foreground, and showing many half-exposed basalt columns on the cliff face.
Keywords: picturesque, nature, cliffs, geology, National Trust, UNESCO, scenic

PMR-D6746
Northern Ireland, County Antrim, Causeway Coast: view from the cliff-top path to the west
with succeeding headlands, showing many half-exposed basalt columns on the cliff face.
Keywords: picturesque, nature, cliffs, geology, National Trust, UNESCO, scenic

PMR-D6745
Northern Ireland, County Antrim, Causeway Coast: view from the cliff-top path to the east, with succeeding headlands, showing many half-exposed basalt columns on the cliff face.
Keywords: picturesque, nature, cliffs, geology, National Trust, UNESCO, scenic

PMR-D6740
Northern Ireland, County Antrim, Causeway Coast: the "Giant's Organ", a series of exposed basalt columns in the cliff-face caused by the cooling of volcanic lava.
Keywords: picturesque, nature, cliffs, geology, National Trust, UNESCO

PMR-D6734
Northern Ireland, County Antrim, Causeway Coast: half exposed basalt columns in the cliff-face caused by the cooling of volcanic lava, with a layer of reddish laterite near the bottom.
Keywords: picturesque, nature, cliffs, geology, National Trust, UNESCO

PMR-D6733
Northern Ireland, County Antrim, Causeway Coast: the Giant's Causeway, an exposed outcrop of basalt columns caused by the cooling of volcanic lava, reaching out into the sea.
Keywords: picturesque, nature, cliffs, geology, National Trust, UNESCO, scenic, surf, famous, tourist, attraction

PMR-D6732
Northern Ireland, County Antrim, Causeway Coast: "the Giant's Loom", an exposed outcrop of basalt columns about 10 metres high, caused by the cooling of volcanic lava.
Keywords: picturesque, nature, cliffs, geology, National Trust, UNESCO

PMR-D6662
Northern Ireland, Belfast: Parliament Building for the Northern Ireland Assembly at Stormont, unused since the collapse of local government in 2017. The neo-classical building was opened by the Prince of Wales in 1932. Six Ionic columns support the pediment over the entrance.
Keywords: heritage, historic, meeting room, discussion, debate, decision-making, conferance, architecture

PMR-D6565
Ireland, Leinster, Dublin: built between 1817 and 1861, the 63-metre-high Wellington Monument stands in the south-east of Phoenix Park.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, park , gardens, picturesque, landscape, capital city, architecture, column

PMR-D6511
England, Merseyside, Liverpool: the statue of the Duke of Wellington on a column, erected in 1865, stands 40.2 metres high.
Keywords: historic, heritage, architecture, monument, memorial, sculpture, culture

PMR-D6420
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Feuchtwangen: the Goddess Minerva , atop a column of the fountain (1727), with the former Rathaus (town hall) and the Stiftskirche across the cobbled marketplace.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6375
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Feuchtwangen: the Goddess Minerva , atop a column of the fountain (1727), surveys the marketplace, filled with revellers enjoying the beer during the Volksfest.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, beer festival, revelry, celebration, open-air

PMR-D6306
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Wallerstein: Pest or Marian column, erected as thanksgiving for the passing of the plague. One of only three examples in Germany, (but frequently found in Austria).
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D5343
Uzbekistan, Tashkent: columned arch marking the start of Mustaqillik Maydoni or Independence Square, surmounted by figures of storks.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, monument, landmark

PMR-D5342
Uzbekistan, Tashkent: columned arch marking the start of Mustaqillik Maydoni or Independence Square, surmounted by figures of storks.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, monument, landmark

PMR-D5317
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: small classical building with columned portico, possibly a (film-) theatre, not far from the university.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam

PMR-D5272
Uzbekistan, Samarkand, Registan: detail of the geometrical and epigraphical ornamentation on the capital of one of the columns of Ulugh Beg madrasa, built 1417-20.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5269
Uzbekistan, Samarkand, Registan: facade and iwan of Ulugh Beg madrasa, built 1417-20, with flanking columns. The facade over the iwan is decorated with star-shaped. geometrical patterns. Ulugh Beg himself used to give lectures here.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5263
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: Gur-i Amir, the mausoleum of Timur (Tamerlaine) who was buried here in 1405. It was later used as a family mausoleum. View of the facade and iwan, with cupola and twin columns.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, tiles, majolica, faience, glazed, ornamentation, intricate

PMR-D5262
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: Gur-i Amir, the mausoleum of Timur (Tamerlaine) who was buried here in 1405. It was later used as a family mausoleum. The single, fluted cupola, 15 metres broad x 12.5 metres high, sits atop a drum with geometric and epigraphic ornamentation on polychrome tiling. Two, spirally-decorated columns stand either side.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, tiles, majolica, faience, glazed, ornamentation, intricate

PMR-D5261
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: Gur-i Amir, the mausoleum of Timur (Tamerlaine) who was buried here in 1405. It was later used as a family mausoleum. The single, fluted cupola, 15 metres broad x 12.5 metres high, sits atop a drum with geometric and epigraphic ornamentation on polychrome tiling. Two, spirally-decorated columns stand either side.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, tiles, majolica, faience, glazed, ornamentation, intricate

PMR-D5133
Uzbekistan, Bukhara: detail of the capitals of the carved wooden columns and the ornamentation on the facade of the Bolo Hauz Mosque, built in 1712. The wooden columns were added in 1917.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5132
Uzbekistan, Bukhara: Bolo Hauz Mosque, built in 1712. The carved wooden columns were added in 1917.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5131
Uzbekistan, Bukhara: Bolo Hauz (pool) and Bolo Hauz Mosque, built in 1712. The carved wooden columns were added in 1917.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D4548
The Philippines, Leyte, Tacloban: Parliament Building (Pamunuan san Lalawigan sa Leyte)
Keywords: architecture, classical, columns, congress, assembly, administration

PMR-D4208
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: a well preserved Roman Temple of Zeus dating from the 2nd century AD has 16 standing Corinthian columns with architraves.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4207
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: a well preserved Roman Temple of Zeus dating from the 2nd century AD has 16 standing Corinthian columns with architraves. Each column was sponsored by a different donor whose name was recorded on a tablet.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4206
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: a well preserved Roman Temple of Zeus dating from the 2nd century AD has 16 standing Corinthian columns with architraves.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4156
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Mythical sea creatures on a panel at the base of one of the columns.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4155
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Two re-erected Ionic columns with architrave.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4154
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Two re-erected Ionic columns with architrave.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4152
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
The bull's head is a frequently used motiv for column capitals.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4151
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi. The Pronaos with double row of columns which were completed. Remains of a round well in front of the temple.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4150
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Carved base of a column with carved panels of fantasies.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4149
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Carved base of a column with modified "Greek Key" pattern.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4148
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Carved column head with fantasies.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4147
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Carved column head with a pair of Griffins.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4145
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma(the Branchidae) may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
The drums of a complete fallen column.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4144
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma (the Branchidae) may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Steps leading up to the Stylobate. with two re-erected columns on the long side.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4143
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma (the Branchidae) may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Steps leading up to the Stylobate. with two re-erected columns on the long side.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4130
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. The Dionysus Temple surrounded by stone fragments, with the line of the east-west stoa marked by 3-4 columns.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4128
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Fallen Doric columns, with sailing boats in the Commercial Harbour in the background.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4117
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Rows of exquisitely carved architrave stones from the Dionysus Temple, with surviving columns of the east-west stoa.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D2883
Greece, Island of Rhodes, Lindos, acropolis: Hellenistic staircase and (20) re-erected Doric columns of the Hellenistic stoa, both dating from about 200 BC. Byzantine church of Agios Ioannis in the background.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, landscape, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2845
Greece, Island of Rhodes: three columns of the former Apollo Temple on the Acropolis of Rhodes, re-erected during the Italian occupation. It stands on Mount Agios Stefanos (110 metres), also known as Mount Smith.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, landscape, mediaeval, architecture, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2844
Greece, Island of Rhodes: three columns of the former Apollo Temple on the Acropolis of Rhodes, re-erected during the Italian occupation. It stands on Mount Agios Stefanos (110 metres), also known as Mount Smith.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, landscape, mediaeval, architecture, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2843
Greece, Island of Rhodes: three columns of the former Apollo Temple on the Acropolis of Rhodes, re-erected during the Italian occupation. It stands on Mount Agios Stefanos (110 metres), also known as Mount Smith.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, landscape, mediaeval, architecture, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2841
Greece, Island of Rhodes: three columns of the former Apollo Temple on the Acropolis of Rhodes, re-erected during the Italian occupation. It stands on Mount Agios Stefanos (110 metres), also known as Mount Smith.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, landscape, mediaeval, architecture, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2831
Greece, Island of Rhodes: entrance to Mandraki Harbour, with deer and stag, the heraldic symbols of the island, on columns either side. Opposite, the Fortress of St. Nicholas with (later) lighthouse, built 1464-7 for the protection of the harbour. The Colossus of Rhodes, erected 292 BC, may have stood astride this harbour entrance.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2830
Greece, Island of Rhodes: entrance to Mandraki Harbour, with deer and stag, the heraldic symbols of the island, on columns either side. Opposite, the Fortress of St. Nicholas with (later) lighthouse, built 1464-7 for the protection of the harbour. The Colossus of Rhodes, erected 292 BC, may have stood astride this harbour entrance.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2829
Greece, Island of Rhodes: entrance to Mandraki Harbour, with deer and stag, the heraldic symbols of the island, on columns either side. Opposite, the Fortress of St. Nicholas with (later) lighthouse, built 1464-7 for the protection of the harbour. The Colossus of Rhodes, erected 292 BC, may have stood astride this harbour entrance.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2803
Greece, Island of Rhodes: entrance to Mandraki Harbour, with deer and stag, the heraldic symbols of the island, on columns either side. Opposite, Evangelismos Church, built by Florestano di Fausto, during the Italian occupation, as a reconstruction of the Knights' Church of St. John, destroyed 1856 by a gunpowder explosion near the palace.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D0837
Myanmar, Yangon: prayer column on the platform of Sule Paya.
Keywords: Buddhist, Rangoon, Burma, religious, colourful, architecture, metropolis, capital city, picturesque, temples

PMR-D0695
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Straubing: newly gilded Holy Trinity column, erected in 1719 as a result of a vow made during the War of the Spanish Succession.
Keywords: historical, cross, golden

PMR-D0679
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Freising: interior of Freising Cathedral (Mariendom) which has a Romanesque crypt where the tomb of St. Corbinian is to be found, as well as the "Bestiensaule" ("column of the beasts") a fine example of Romanesque carving. The frescoes are the work of the Asam Brothers and the altar carvings are by Ignaz Gunther. Here: a detail of the rococo carving - a cherub.
Keywords: architecture, Bishopric, rococo, basilica, Romanesque , Corbinian Cathedral

PMR-D0678
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Freising: interior of Freising Cathedral (Mariendom) which has a Romanesque crypt where the tomb of St. Corbinian is to be found, as well as the "Bestiensaule" ("column of the beasts") a fine example of Romanesque carving. The frescoes are the work of the Asam Brothers and the altar carvings are by Ignaz Gunther.
Keywords: architecture, Bishopric, Corbinian Cathedral, Romanesque , basilica, rococo

PMR-D0650
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: close-upof the floral semi-precious stone inlay in the marble columns of the galleries.
Keywords: Arab, Islam, Muslim, architecture, traditional, Koran, muezzin, minarets, desert city

PMR-D0649
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: floodlit mosaic flower in the middle of each four-column pillar.
Keywords: Arab, Islam, Muslim, architecture, traditional, Koran, muezzin, minarets, desert city

PMR-D0647
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: view along an aisle showing the four-column supporting pillars.
Keywords: Arab, Islam, Muslim, architecture, traditional, Koran, muezzin, minarets, desert city

PMR-D0640
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: columned galleries with cupolas surround the courtyard on four sides.
Keywords: Arab, Islam, Muslim, architecture, traditional, Koran, muezzin, minarets, desert city

PMR-D0536
Cyprus, Paphos: porticoed, colonial-style building at Ktima.
Keywords: architecture, gallery, columns

PMR-D0321
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Schleissheim: vestibule from the main staircase of the New Palace completed in 1727 for Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria by Enrico Zuccalli and Joseph Effner.
Keywords: architecture, fluted pilasters, Ionic columns, stucco work, Schloss Schleissheim, Baroque architecture, Schleißheimer Schloß

PMR347-12
India, Agra, the Red Fort, built by the Moghuls, but probably dating back before the 10th century: The massive walls are decorated with fine carvings and the marble columns of the belvedere are inlaid with semi-precious stones.
Keywords: architecture, culture, historic, colourful, heritage, imposing, UNESCO

PMR328-02
Finland, Helsinki: the cathedral, completed in 1852 to designs of C.L. Engel, stands in Senate Square. Oblique view showing the classical facades, each with six Corinthian columns.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, imposing, capital city, Helsingfors

PMR325-08
USSR, Leningrad: Neva panorama (from left): Academy of Sciences, Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (formerly the Kunstkamera), Zoological Museum, the Exchange and a Rostral Column on the Strelka, seen from the Hermitage Hydrofoil landing platform.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, heritage, St. Petersburg, Baroque

PMR323-09
USSR, Leningrad: view of the Alexander Column and Winter Palace from the twin arches of the General Staff Headquarters.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, Baroque, St. Petersburg

PMR323-06
USSR, Leningrad: Alexander Column in Palace Square with the Winter Palace behind. 47.5 metres high and cut from a single block of granite, in 1829-34, it commemorates the Russian victory over Napoleon.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, monument, imposing, St. Petersburg

PMR323-04
USSR, Leningrad: Palace Bridge over the River Neva to the Strelka on Vasilyevskiy Island, with the Zoological Museum on the left.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, historic, heritage, street scene, Rostral column, St. Petersburg

PMR323-02
USSR, Leningrad: Rostral Columns, formerly lighthouses, on the Strelka, decorated with ships' prows and based on Roman originals (rostrum = prow).
Keywords: metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, heritage, monument, sculpture, street scene, St. Petersburg

PMR322-10
USSR, Leningrad: tourists can view the city in comfort by horse-drawn stagecoach, here passing through Palace Square, with the Alexander column in the background.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, heritage, monument, city-tour, St. Petersburg

PMR315-12
Czechoslovakia, Brno: the Virgin's Column stands in a corner of Liberty Square.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, heritage, Slovakia, street scene, Brünn, Moravia

PMR315-06
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Eichstätt: Residenzplatz, with facade of the south wing of the Prince-Bishops' Palace, and base of the Virgin's Column with its fountains.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage

PMR314-12
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Eichstätt: Residenzplatz, with facade of the south wing of the Prince-Bishops' Palace, fountains with cherubs, and the Virgin's Column.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, heritage

PMR308-10
Germany, West Berlin: Siegessäule (Victory Column), 67 metres high, commemorating the campaigns of 1864, 66 and 70.. 285 steps lead to the gilded figure on the top.
Keywords: architecture, monument, artistic, culture, historic, heritage, picturesque, colourful

PMR308-09
Germany, West Berlin: Siegessäule (Victory Column), 67 metres high, commemorating the campaigns of 1864, 66 and 70.. 285 steps lead to the gilded figure on the top.
Keywords: architecture, monument, artistic, culture, historic, heritage, picturesque, colourful

PMR287-08
Turkey, Aphrodisias: an impressive row of Ionic columns marks the southern stoa of the agora. Still being excavated (1989).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-06
Turkey, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 metres long by 60 metres wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years, but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma probably goes back as far as 1000 BC and rivalled that of Delphi in influence and was older.
Capital, from one of the Ionic columns.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-03
Turkey, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 metres long by 60 metres wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years, but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma probably goes back as far as 1000 BC and rivalled that of Delphi in influence and was older. Impressive carvings on the bases of the massive columns.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR285-12
Turkey, Miletus: behind the columns of a stoa, the remains of a monument to commemorate a sea battle stand on the edge of the former harbour.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek

PMR285-11
Turkey, Miletus: Roman amphitheatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, had seating for 25,000 spectators. Twin columns mark the position of the emperor's box.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR284-06
Turkey, Izmir (Smyrna): row of Corinthian columns in the Greek agora, rebuilt by the Romans in the time of Marcus Aurelius. View with one of the entry arches in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR284-05
Turkey, Izmir (Smyrna): row of Corinthian columns in the Greek agora, rebuilt by the Romans in the time of Marcus Aurelius.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR283-05
Turkey, Pergamon: the Asklepieion: remaining Ionic columns of the northern stoa, reflected in a pool.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-10
Turkey, Pergamon: amphitheatre seating 10,000, with the Temple of Dionysus in the right foreground, formerly lined with Doric columns.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-08
Turkey, Pergamon: view of the re-erected columns and pediment of the northern stoa of the Temple of Trajan, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-07
Turkey, Pergamon: columns of the northern stoa of the Temple of Trajan, built in the 2nd century AD, with columns of the eastern stoa in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-06
Turkey, Pergamon: columns of the northern stoa of the Temple of Trajan, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR281-08
Turkey, Troy: the site consists of 9 cities (Troy I - Troy IX), built one upon the other, the oldest dating from 3200 BC. Fragments of columns, with the remains of the small Roman theatre in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Truva

PMR274-05
U.S.A., Florida, Orlando, Walt Disney World: World Showcase in the EPCOT Center: scaled reproduction of the campanile in St. Mark's Square, with part of the Doge's Palace, and columns of St. Mark and St. Theodore on the molo.
Keywords: colourful, picturesque, culture, geographical, educational, new-technology, human achievement, innovation, recreation

PMR265-01
U.S.A., Florida, Miami: Vizcaya, a villa in the 16th century Italian Renaissance style, built 1914-16 for millionaire James Deering. View of the shell pool and four twisting, vine-encircled columns surmounted by peacocks. Italian Baroque fountain behind in the style of Vignola.
Keywords: historic, national heritage, architecture, culture, picturesque, residence, park, gardens, grounds

PMR231-12
Greece, Olympia: Exedra of Herodes Attikus with twin fountains (right), and the few remaining columns of the Temple of Hera (behind).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, Olympic Games

PMR231-08
Greece, Olympia: row of columns on one side of the square Palaestra, the training area for boxing, wrestling, jumping, etc., ...
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, O...

PMR227-03
Greece, Athens: Keramikos Graveyard: a bull on a column marks the grave of Dionysios Kollytos (died about 345 BC).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR224-10
Greece, Delphi: Marmaria or Sanctuary of Athena: the three remaining columns of the circular Tholos, dating from the early 4th century BC.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR224-09
Greece, Delphi: Marmaria or Sanctuary of Athena: the three remaining columns of the circular Tholos, dating from the early 4th century BC.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR223-11
Greece, Delphi Museum: winged sphinx from the Naxier column, dating from the first half of the sixth century BC.
Keywords: historic, sculptures, statues, figures, antiquity, culture, art, masterpiece, Greek, plastics

PMR205-01
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Northern Palace of Herod the Great: part of a row of columns on the lower terrace.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR203-06
Israel, Negev Desert: ruins of Avdat, a city founded in the third century BC by the Nabateans at a fork in the caravan route. Remains of the nave columns of the Byzantine Chapel of St. Theodore, with the main apse.
Keywords: desert, sandstone, geological, rock formations, barren, waterless, colourful, picturesque, archeology, historical

PMR-D3694
People's Republic of China, Guangxi Province, Guilin: symbol-covered stone column near the top of the Yao Mountain, at 903 metres, the highest in Guilin, reached by chair-lift.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, picturesque, national heritage, culture, sculpture, metalwork

PMR-D3489
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Bible scene (Adam and Eve) on one of the twin bronze Bernward doors (1015), which were each cast in one piece.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3488
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Bible scene on one of the twin bronze Bernward doors (1015), which were each cast in one piece.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3487
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Bible scene on one of the twin bronze Bernward doors (1015), which were each cast in one piece.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3486
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. The twin bronze Bernward doors (1015), 4.72 m. high, were each cast in one piece.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3485
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Top of the bronze Column of Christ (1020) showing scenes from his life, after Trajan's Column in Rome.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3484
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Rebuilt after total destruction during the war. The nave, with the bronze font in the foreground.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3483
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Legend says that the "1000-year Rose Bush" was the cause of the building of the first cathedral in 9th century .
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3482
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Rebuilt after total destruction during the war. Cloisters, with the "1000-year Rose Bush" on the left.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3481
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Rebuilt after total destruction during the war. Statue of the Virgin and Child (ca. 1260).
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3480
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Rebuilt after total destruction during the war. Bronze christening font of Wilbernus, ca. 1225.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3479
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Rebuilt after total destruction during the war. View of the south transept and tower over the crossing.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3478
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Rebuilt after total destruction during the war. View of the west tower and south chapel windows.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3477
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Romanesque Cathedral, dating back to 872, with extensions from the 11th, 12th and 14th centuries, contains bronze doors and column of Christ which are on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Rebuilt after total destruction during the war.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3429
Germany, Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg: cloisters of the Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen (Monastery of Our Lady), dating from 1129-1200, showing the Romanesque column capitals in more detail.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, mediaeval, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, stone carving

PMR-D3255
Czech Republic, Cheb: column-head in the Romanesque crypt of the Chapel of St. Erhard and Ursula in the castle, which dates back to Emperor Frederick 1 Barbarossa in 1179. The second floor is Gothic in style.
Keywords: historic, architecture, heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Eger, vault, columns

PMR-D3254
Czech Republic, Cheb: Romanesque crypt of the Chapel of St. Erhard and Ursula in the castle, which dates back to Emperor Frederick 1 Barbarossa in 1179. The second floor is Gothic in style.
Keywords: historic, architecture, heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Eger, vault, columns

PMR-D1685
Nepal, Dhulikhel: traditional lion figure on a column in front of the Bhagwati Shiva Temple.
Keywords: architecture, Hindu, heritage, historical, picturesque, temples, Buddhist, Asian, colourful, religion

PMR-D1559
Nepal, Kathmandu: statue of King Pratap Malla with his four sons on a column in Durbar Square, with the Jagannath Temple in the background.
Keywords: architecture, heritage, historical, picturesque, temples, Buddhist, Asian, colourful, religion

PMR-D1533
Nepal, Bhaktapur: Durbar Square, with bronze lions defending Chayasilin Mandap, and statue of King Bhupatindra Malla on its column (erected by his son).
Keywords: architecture, heritage, historical, picturesque, temples, Buddhist, Asian, colourful, religion

PMR193-03
Italy, Campania, Salerno: entrance to the Cathedral of St. Matthew, consecrated in 1085. The 11th century bronze doors were cast in Constantinople. Most of the columns were taken from Paestum.
Keywords: heritage, architecture, historic, culture, masonry, monument, Romanesque

PMR193-02
Italy, Campania, Paestum: an ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia, Greek name Poseidonia, founded about 600 BC. The Greek Temple of Ceres, in reality probably dedicated to Athena, built about 500 BC. It was used as a Christian church after 313 AD.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, columns

PMR193-01
Italy, Campania, Paestum: an ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia, Greek name Poseidonia, founded about 600 BC. The Greek Temple of Hera (Juno) or "Basilica", built in about 550 BC, the oldest temple in Paestum.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, columns

PMR192-12
Italy, Campania, Paestum: an ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia, Greek name Poseidonia, founded about 600 BC. The Greek Temple of Poseidon, built in 448 BC, shortly before the Parthenon.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, columns

PMR192-07
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: the ancient Roman town , buried by ash and pumice during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. "House of Obelius Firmus" dating from the Samnite age. Visible are the four large columns of the atrium, the impluvium, and the smaller columns surrounding the peristyle to the rear.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street

PMR188-05
Italy, Tuscany, Pisa: the Cathedral in the Piazza del Duomo, in the Pisan Romanesque style, built 1068-1118 in different coloured marbles by Buscheto and Rainaldo. The facade of the Cathedral consists of 54 small columns, designed by Rainaldo. The tomb of Buscheto is in the wall on the left.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, mediaeval, UNESCO, Toscana

PMR187-01
Hungary, Esztergom: the Basilica, the largest church in Hungary, built between 1822 and 1869 by architects Packh, Luhnel and Hild. The building is over 100 metres high , with a 30-metre-wide cupola, and contains one of the largest altar paintings in the world.
Keywords: architecture, culture, historic , heritage, neo-classical, columns, dome

PMR185-04
Hungary, Budapest: the Millenary Monument, surmounted by the Archangel Gabriel, erected to commemorate the settling of the Magyar Tribes in Hungary in 896 AD. The Millenary Square is paved with geometrical patterns and is used for official ceremonies.
Keywords: architecture, capital city, metropolis, culture, historic , heritage, column, pillars

PMR182-11
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Munich: Konigsplatz, the creation of Leo Van Klenze in 1816 - the Propylaen, seen from the Glyptotek, whose portico is on the right.
Keywords: München, architecture, picturesque, historic, classical, columns, buildings, Königsplatz, Propyläen

PMR176-09
U.S.A., Washington D.C.: the Lincoln Memorial; its 36 columns represent thw 36 states of the union at the time of his assassination in 1865.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, heritage, picturesque, historical, culture, neo-classical, capital

PMR171-01
U.S.A., California, San Francisco: Palace of Fine Arts, containing the "Exploratorium" museum.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, heritage, picturesque, historical, culture, coastal city, neo-classical, columns, caryatids, reflections

PMR140-10
Italy, Tuscany, Siena: Palazzo del Pubblico (Town Hall) in the Piazza del Campo, completed in 1309 in Gothic style. Details of the facade with the figures of Romulus and Remus and the wolf on a column (the sons of Romulus, Senus and Aschius, reputedly founded the city, and provide its coat of arms)
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, UNESCO, culture, mediaeval

PMR140-01
Italy, Rome: Altare della Patria ( Victor Emmanuel II Memorial) in the Piazza Venezia, Designed by Giuseppe Saccone in 1885 and completed in 1925.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, classical, monument, masonry, culture, capital city, il Vittoriano, Corinthian, columns, quadrigas

PMR139-07
Italy, Rome: base of the Column of Antoninus in the Vatican Museum,originally erected in 161 AD in Montecitorio. In the stone carving are portrayed the Apotheosis of Antonius and Faustina, and funeral tournaments.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, archeology, classical, monument, masonry, culture, capital city, plinth

PMR139-04
Italy, Rome: the Pantheon, founded by Agrippa in 27 BC and rebuilt by Hadrian in 125 AD, is now home to a church.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, archeology, classical, monument, masonry, culture, capital city, columns, architrave, obelisk

PMR138-04
Italy, Rome, Forum Romanum: Via Sacra, with the three remaining columns of the Temple of Castor and Pollux.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, UNESCO, excavations, archeology, classical, monument, ruins, masonry, culture, capital city

PMR136-04
Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia, Bonn: capital of West Germany from 1949 until 1990. The University, seen from the lawns of the Hofgarten, with magnolia tree in the foreground.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, neo-Classical, statuary, columns

PMR136-03
Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia, Bonn: capital of West Germany from 1949 until 1990. The 11th century Romanesque cloister adjoining the cathedral (Munster).
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, gallery, arcade, columns, arches

PMR136-02
Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia, Bonn: capital of West Germany from 1949 until 1990. The 11th century Romanesque cloister adjoining the cathedral (Munster).
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, gallery, arcade, columns, arches

PMR117-11
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: the Herterichs Fountain (Renaissance style) with the figure of St. George on a column; left: Jagstheimer House with oriel; right: the Town Hall.
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse

PMR113-06
Italy, Ravenna: Piazza del Popolo with Venetian Gothic Town Hall and twin columns bearing figures of San Apollinare and San Vitale - formerly the Lion of San Marco).
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, antiquity, mediaeval, picturesque, street scene

PMR-D2697
Iran, Firuz Abad: Dezh-e Ardashir Papakan (Palace of Ardashir Papakan) was built in 224 AD under King Ardashir I in the Sassanian era. It has three domes (one collapsed), open at the top, which may have been used for fires to Zoroaster. A square column supports a wide-span arch from the outer wall.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, castle, Zarathustra, Zoroastrianism, fire-temple, Sassanid

PMR-D2529
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Ali Qapu (Ali Qapu Palace) was built at the end of the 16th century as a residence for Shah Abbas I. It is six storeys high and has an elevated terrace whose roof is supported by 18 slender columns. (At present under scaffolding). The roof of the music room is overlaid with cut-outs representing vases, to improve accoustics.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, mosaics

PMR-D2528
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Ali Qapu (Ali Qapu Palace) was built at the end of the 16th century as a residence for Shah Abbas I. It is six storeys high and has an elevated terrace whose roof is supported by 18 slender columns. (At present under scaffolding). Red and blue floral decorations on the domed ceiling of one of the rooms.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, mosaics

PMR-D2496
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Entrance building reflected in the pool, seen from the palace porch.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2495
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Fresco with part of the florally decorated ceiling.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2494
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Original fresco in the Throne Hall.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2493
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Original fresco in the Throne Hall.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2492
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Fresco in the Throne Hall: Nader Shah battles Sultan Mohammed (astride a white elephant), from the Qajar period.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2491
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Original fresco in the Throne Hall.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2490
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Original fresco in the Throne Hall.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2489
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Inside ceiling splendour.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2488
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Inside splendour.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2487
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. Exquisitely painted roof of the porch, with wooden pillars.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2486
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. The pool with sculpture in the foreground.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2485
Iran, Isfahan: Kakh-e Chehel Sotun (Chehel Sotun Palace = 40 Pillars Palace) was built in 1647 under Shah Abbas II in the Safavid era but rebuilt after a fire in1706. It follows the Achaemenid "talar" (porch with columns) style. The pool is said to reflect 40 columns.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, minaret, arabesque, frescoes, reflections, pool

PMR-D2461
Iran, Pasargadae: among the ruins of the city is this column with the trilingual inscription, "I am Cyrus, an Achaemenid" in Old Persian, Elamite and Akkadion..
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, archeology

PMR-D2460
Iran, Pasargadae: begun in 546 BC the city of Pasargadae was superseded by Darius's Persepolis. Columns of the Audience Hall of the king's palace.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, archeology

PMR-D2443
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Eastern portico of the "Hundred Column Hall" showing the King on his throne being carried in by 28 men representing the subject nations.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2442
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
A well-preserved kneeling stone horse which once supported the roof beams as a column capital.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2435
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Southern portals of the "Hundred Columns Hall", with the tomb of Artaxerxes in the hillside behind.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2430
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
"Gate of All Nations" and surviving columns. The one on the right has been restored.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2423
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
One of the doors to the "Hundred Column Hall" depicting a monster-slaying King.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2422
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
"Hundred Column Hall" with the tomb of Artaxerxes III on the hillside behind.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2421
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
One of the west doors to the "Hundred Column Hall".
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2420
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The "Hundred Column Hall" - soldiers on the northern door jamb.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2417
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Column capital, formerly topped with kneeling horses which supported the roof.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2407
Iran, Shiraz: Masjed-e Vakil ("Mosque of Regret") was built between 1751 and 1773 in the Zand period but later updated with much faience in the Qajar period. Carved columns in the Shabestan or Prayer Hall.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, arabesques, colourful

PMR-D2405
Iran, Shiraz: Masjed-e Vakil ("Mosque of Regret") was built between 1751 and 1773 in the Zand period but later updated with much faience in the Qajar period. Carved columns in the Shabestan or Prayer Hall.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, arabesques, colourful

PMR-D2404
Iran, Shiraz: Masjed-e Vakil ("Mosque of Regret") was built between 1751 and 1773 in the Zand period but later updated with much faience in the Qajar period. Carved columns in the Shabestan or Prayer Hall.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, faience, tiling, arabesques, colourful

PMR-D2363
Iran, Shush: site of the Palace of Darius (521 BC), built on the ruins of capital of Elam, laid waste by Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian King around 640 BC.
Here: a collection of fragments of columns etc. awaiting restoration.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, foundations, Achaemenids

PMR-D2362
Iran, Shush: site of the Palace of Darius (521 BC), built on the ruins of capital of Elam, laid waste by Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian King around 640 BC.
Here: a double-headed kneeling horse used as a column capital (aka Persepolis).
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, foundations, Achaemenids, stone-carving

PMR-D2361
Iran, Shush: site of the Palace of Darius (521 BC), built on the ruins of capital of Elam, laid waste by Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian King around 640 BC.
Here: the base of one of the columns of the Apadana is preserved.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, foundations, Achaemenids

PMR131K-16
United Arab Emirates, Dubai: a row of columns with lotus capitals - Egyptian-themed architecture in Wafi Shopping Mall, Bur Dubai. United Arab Emirates, Dubai: a row of columns with lotus capitals - Egyptian-themed architecture in Wafi Shopping Mall, Bur Dubai.
Keywords: modern architecture, lawn sprinklers, air conditioning, Arab state, Arab, Muslim, Islam, high rise buildings, desert city, skyscrapers

PMR-D1910
England, Somerset, Montacute House (National Trust), former home of the Phelips family: the Column Garden, with Doric columns and clipped yew hedge.
Keywords: architecture, manor house, heritage, picturesque, culture, historic, landscape garden, park, ancestral home, estate, preservation, conservation

PMR476-07
Germany, Bavaria, Straubing: Theresienplatz, with the column erected in thanksgiving for the ending of the plague, and watchtower, symbol of the town, in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, cobblestones, national heritage, mediaeval, historical

PMR473-10
Spain, Catelonia, Barcelona: Parc Guell, planned and executed by Antoni Gaudí at the beginning of the 20th century:
The stairway leading up to the promenade deck, with the "Hall of One Hundred Columns" at the top of the steps and fountains in the middle.
Keywords: artistic, colourful, national heritage, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR473-08
Spain, Catelonia, Barcelona: Parc Guell, planned and executed by Antoni Gaudí at the beginning of the 20th century:
Inclined columns of the grotto-like gallery under the promenade.
Keywords: artistic, national heritage, culture

PMR473-06
Spain, Catelonia, Barcelona: Parc Guell, planned and executed by Antoni Gaudí at the beginning of the 20th century:
A serpentine, endless bench, formed from a mosaic of broken tiles, on the roof of the "Hall of One Hundred Columns". The local inhabitants, as well as the tourists, use the bench to relax.
Keywords: artistic, colourful, national heritage, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR473-05
Spain, Catelonia, Barcelona: Parc Guell, planned and executed by Antoni Gaudí at the beginning of the 20th century:
A serpentine, endless bench, formed from a mosaic of broken tiles, on the roof of the "Hall of One Hundred Columns".
Keywords: artistic, colourful, national heritage, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR473-02
Spain, Catelonia, Barcelona: Expiatory Temple of the Sagrada Familia, being built since 1882 to plans of Antoni Gaudí:
Newly completed columns and roof of the nave.
Keywords: architecture, cathedral, church, Christian, culture, historic, national heritage

PMR460-04
Romania, Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca: memorial to the Transylvanian lawyer and revolutionary, Avram Ianco (1824-72) in the square which bears his name.
Keywords: street scene, colourful, Klausenburg, monument, statue, column, freedom fighter

PMR514-07
Italy, Campania, Pozzuoli: the Roman amphitheatre of Flavius, one of the largest in Italy, could accommodate 40,000 spectators. Begun under Nero and completed by Vespasian (69-79 AD).
Keywords: archeology, architecture, columns , culture, historic, Roman ruins, excavations, archeological

PMR514-06
Italy, Campania, Pozzuoli: the Roman "Temple of Serapsis", actually a former colonnaded market surrounded by shops, with a small, circular temple ("tholos") in the centre.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, columns , culture, historic, Roman ruins, excavations, archeological

PMR503-12
Cyprus (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: the remaining columns of the colonnaded palaestra in the Gymnasium.
Keywords: archeology, Mycenean ruins, Myceneans, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, ancient civilisation

PMR500-11
Cyprus (North), Lefkosa/ North Nicosia: Atatürk Meydani (Square) with the granite column brought from Salamis by the Venetians and formerly bearing the Venetian Lion.
Keywords: Lefkosa, street view, modern shops

PMR500-04
Cyprus (North), Lefkosa/ North Nicosia: Atatürk Meydani (Square) with the granite column brought from Salamis by the Venetians and formerly bearing the Venetian Lion.
Keywords: Lefkosa, street view

PMR495-12
Island of Crete, Ayia Triada: view of the ruins of the Minoan market place and row of stores (right) with columned portico.
Keywords: national heritage, shops, historic, excavations, archeological, archeology

PMR488-03
Island of Crete, Palace of Knossos: restored portico with columns and relief fresco of the bull, above the north entrance.
Keywords: picturesque, restoration, preservation, history, historic, excavations, archeological, archeology, national heritage, architecture

PMR452-10
Lithuania, Vilnius: the neo-classical Cathedral of St. Stanislav, built in 1783 under the supervision of the young architect, Laurynas Stucka-Gucevicius, was used as a concert hall before Lithuania's independence.
Keywords: city, columns, capital city, metropolis, architecture

PMR450-12
Estonia, Tartu: the main university building, completed in 1809.
Keywords: architecture, columns, neoclassical, urban, national heritage, historic, picturesque

PMR446-09
Lithuania, Trakai: this striking wooden building with columned portico is the office of the National Park administration.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, architecture

PMR439-06
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Munich: the Angel of Peace (Friedensengel) Monument, erected in 1895 in remembrance of the preliminary Peace of Versailles in 1871.
Keywords: München, fall, autumn colour, autumn foliage, column

PMR439-05
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Munich: Prince Regent Bridge over the River Isar, with the Angel of Peace on a column in the background.
Keywords: München, fall, autumn foliage, autumn colour

PMR539-09
Slovakia, Kremnica: the Baroque Plague Column, erected in thanksgiving for the end of the plague in the 17th century, with St. Catherines Church in the background.
Keywords: architecture, Kremnitz, national heritage, picturesque, historic, stone carving, sculpture, statues, monument

PMR536-09
Syria, Damascus: courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque (built 705-15 AD) with roofed fountain for ablutions in the centre, flanked by two columns, Al-Sa'at (clock) and Al-Mal (money).
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, historical, capital city, culture, picturesque, Islam, Muslim, national heritage, artistic

PMR536-08
Syria, Damascus: the famous former treasury (Kubbat al-khazina) of the Umayyad Mosque (built 705-15 AD), standing on 8 antique columns in the courtyard, and dating from 788 AD (the mosaics have been much restored). Behind, the AL-Arous (Brides') Minaret, from the 11th century.
Keywords: architecture, artistic, national heritage, Muslim, Islam, picturesque, culture, capital city, historical, metropolis

PMR536-02
Syria, Palmyra: view of the Colonnaded Way and antique city from Qalaat ibn Maan Fortress. The former was built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, columns, Roman, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, panorama, landscape

PMR535-11
Syria, Palmyra: gate, through which sacrificial animals entered the courtyard of the Baal Temple which was consecrated in 32 AD.
Keywords: architecture, Roman, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, national heritage, columns

PMR535-09
Syria, Palmyra: end of the Colonnaded Way with Hadrian's Gate. The brackets on the columns originally supported statues. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-08
Syria, Palmyra: well-preserved stage of the Roman Theatre, dating from the second half of the second century AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-07
Syria, Palmyra: the monumental Tetrapylon (only one column is original granite) where the Colonnaded Way makes a change of direction of several degrees. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD. Camel and rider in the foreground, and Qalaat ibn Maan fortress in the background.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-06
Syria, Palmyra: fragment of carved vaulting, with the Colonnaded Way and fortress Qalaat ibn Maan in the background. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-05
Syria, Palmyra: remains of the colonnade on the east side of the Agora, seen through a doorway. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-04
Syria, Palmyra: middle section of the Colonnaded Way, about 300 metres long, and culminating in Hadrian's Gate. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR533-12
Iraq, Baghdad: memorial to the Iraqi soldiers who fell in the war with Iran, showing the two halves of the cupola and the memorial column, draped with the Iraqi flag.
Keywords: architecture, artistic, sculpture, Mesopotamia, Muslim, Islam, colourful, natural heritage, picturesque

PMR533-02
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
well-preserved Temple of Marn (the sun god), built after 80 AD, as were all the principal remaining buildings.
Keywords: architecture, classical, columns, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR522-02
Italy, Apulia, Lecce: Santo Oronzo, with half-excavated Roman amphitheatre and column bearing the figure of Santo Oronzo, the city's patron saint. The column is one of a pair which used to mark the end of the Via Appia in Brindisi.
Keywords: archeological, national heritage, historical, archeology, excavations, architecture, monument, statue

PMR522-01
Italy, Apulia, Lecce: Santo Oronzo, with half-excavated Roman amphitheatre and column bearing the figure of Santo Oronzo, the city's patron saint. The column is one of a pair which used to mark the end of the Via Appia in Brindisi.
Keywords: archeological, national heritage, historical, archeology, excavations, architecture, monument, statue

PMR520-08
Italy, Sicily, Selinunte: Temple of Hera (?) was built after the battle of Himera in mid-5th century BC and re-erected in 1956.
Keywords: archeological, national heritage, historical, archeology, excavations, Sicilia, Doric columns, architecture

PMR520-05
Italy, Sicily, Agrigento: Temple of "Castor and Pollux" (the Dioscuri) was reconstructed with elements from various different buildings.
Keywords: archeological, architrave, Doric columns, architecture, Sicilia, excavations, archeology, historical, national heritage

PMR520-01
Italy, Sicily, Agrigento: the remaining columns of the Temple of Hercules (6th century BC) re-erected by Sir Alexander Hardcastle in 1923.
Keywords: archeological, architecture, Doric columns, Sicilia, excavations, archeology, historical, national heritage

PMR519-11
Italy, Sicily, Agrigento: Tomb of "Theron", a funerary monument in Greek style, with columns of the Temple of Hercules in the distance.
Keywords: archeological, mausoleum, grave, architecture, Sicilia, excavations, archeology, historical, national heritage

PMR519-09
Italy, Sicily, Agrigento: the Temple of Concord, dating from 450-440 BC, the culminating phase of the Doric order, is one of the most complete Greek temples in existence.
Keywords: archeological, Doric columns, architecture, Sicilia, archeology, historical, national heritage

PMR519-08
Italy, Sicily, Agrigento: corner of the Temple of Concord, dating from 450-440 BC, the culminating phase of the Doric order, with the new town in the background.
Keywords: archeological, Doric columns, architecture, Sicilia, archeology, historical, national heritage

PMR518-12
Italy, Sicily, Siracusa: Baroque facade of the cathedral, Santa Maria delle Colonne, which incorporates a Greek temple with 28 Doric columns, and Arabic, Norman and Byzantine elements; a building sacred for 2,500 years!
Keywords: national heritage, architecture, Sicilia, historical

PMR516-12
Italy, Campania, Paestum (originally " Poseidonia"): "Temple of Ceres" (more likely: Athena) built by the Greeks at the end of the 6th century BC, is surrounded by 34 Doric columns. The first Greek temple to combine a Doric exterior with Ionic interior elements. In the foreground is part of the Via Sacra.
Keywords: landscape, Doric style, architecture, picturesque, Graeco-Roman

PMR516-11
Italy, Campania, Paestum (originally " Poseidonia"): "Temple of Ceres" (more likely: Athena) built by the Greeks at the end of the 6th century BC, is surrounded by 34 Doric columns. The first Greek temple to combine a Doric exterior with Ionic interior elements.
Keywords: landscape, Doric style, architecture, picturesque, Graeco-Roman

PMR516-10
Italy, Campania, Paestum (originally " Poseidonia"): "Temple of Ceres" (more likely: Athena) built by the Greeks at the end of the 6th century BC, is surrounded by 34 Doric columns. The first Greek temple to combine a Doric exterior with Ionic interior elements.
Keywords: landscape, Doric style, architecture, picturesque, Graeco-Roman

PMR516-09
Italy, Campania, Paestum (originally " Poseidonia"): "Temple of Ceres" (more likely: Athena) built by the Greeks at the end of the 6th century BC, is surrounded by 34 Doric columns. The first Greek temple to combine a Doric exterior with Ionic interior elements.
Keywords: landscape, Doric style, architecture, picturesque, Graeco-Roman

PMR141K-08
Greece, Island of Kos: columned atrium of the Casa Rommana, a restored Roman Villa dating from the 2nd or 3rd century AD.
Keywords: Greek Isles, island hopping, Hellas, Helenic, Dodecanese, Ionian Islands, picturesque, colourful, yachts, Greek Orthodox Church

PMR141K-04
Greece, Island of Kos: the Asklepieion was one of the healing centres based on the cult of Asklepius, the father of all physicians. Founded about the 5th century BC, it was here that Hippocrates practised his new theories of medical healing. Here: re-erected columns of a Temple of Apollo on the second terrace, with the grand central stairway behind.
Keywords: Greek Isles, archeology, Greek Orthodox Church, yachts, colourful, picturesque, Ionian Islands, Dodecanese, Helenic, Hellas, island hopping, medecine

PMR140K-13
Greece, Island of Kos: re-erected columns which formerly lined the Roman Gymnasium on two sides, a part of the extensive Roman city.
Keywords: Greek Isles, archeology, island hopping, Hellas, Helenic, Dodecanese, Ionian Islands, picturesque, colourful, yachts, Greek Orthodox Church

PMR132K-31
Cambodia, Siem Reap: the Khmer temples were built as the Khmer civilization flowered, from the 8th to the 14th centuries AD in what is now Cambodia and Thailand. The architectural style closely resembles that of India at the same period, but Hindu gods are often joined, or even replaced, by figures of Buddha. Angkor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

This picture: The Bayon (13th century), the state temple of King Jayavarman VII, is famous for its numerous carved faces. A bas relief of dancing "apsaras" (celestial dancers) on a column of the outer gallery.
Keywords: historic, shrine, Khmer, architecture, religion, Buddhist, Hindu, temples, picturesque, national heritage

PMR131K-12
United Arab Emirates, Dubai: a row of columns with lotus capitals - Egyptian-themed architecture in Wafi Shopping Mall, Bur Dubai.
Keywords: modern architecture, lawn sprinklers, air conditioning, Arab state, Arab, Muslim, Islam, high rise buildings, desert city, skyscrapers

PMR126K-24
Germany, Brandenburg, Potsdam: island retreat in the River Schafgraben, Sans Souci Park, with Roman figure on a column.
Keywords: East Germany, metropolis, national heritage, historic, architecture, picturesque

PMR126K-02
Germany, Brandenburg, Potsdam: Sans Souci Palace with grapevine terraces and statuary on columns.
Keywords: East Germany, metropolis, national heritage, historic, architecture, Baroque, picturesque

PMR121K-09
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: view of the courtyard through marble columns inlaid with semi-precious stones with gold capitals.
Keywords: Arab state, Arab, Muslim, Islam, desert city, minarets, muezzin, Koran, traditional architecture

PMR121K-08
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: a blue-tiled reflecting pool surrounds the outer courtyard columns.
Keywords: Arab state, traditional architecture, Koran, muezzin, minarets, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab

PMR121K-04
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: gallery on one side of the courtyard, with endless rows of marble columns, inlaid with semi-precious stones.
Keywords: Arab state, traditional architecture, Koran, muezzin, minarets, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab

PMR121K-02
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: the courtyard, with surrounding marble columns inlaid with semi-precious stones, and Moorish arches.
Keywords: Arab state, traditional architecture, Koran, muezzin, minarets, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab

PMR118K-31
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia, was originally the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Modern sculptures and a classical column on the Citadel, with the modern city behind.
Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia

PMR118K-19
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). Colonnaded courtyard on the terrace, with basalt, marble and limestone Corinthian columns.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Gadara, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, archeological site

PMR118K-10
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The spacious Oval Plaza, 90 x 80 metres, is surrounded by a colonnade of 1st -century Ionic columns.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-04
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: North Gate and Cardo Maximus with Ionic columns, from within the North Tetrapylon.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-02
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Row of Corinthian columns with wild Hollyhock (Alcea pallida) in the foreground.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-28
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The octagonal Macellum (food market), built in 130 AD, surrounded by columns, with a fountain in the centre.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-25
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The Cardo Maximus, the main columned way, had pedestrian sidewalks and underground sewers.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-23
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The South Gate of the city, built about 130 AD, whose columns are decorated with acanthus leaves.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR115K-36
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: A line of columns marks the upper temenos of the Great Temple of the Nabataians, which was in use until Byzantine times.
Keywords: rose red city, Nabataean capital, natural caves, rock tombs, Roman architecture, Greek architecture, Egyptian architecture, archeological site, geology

PMR115K-35
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: Part of a column capital which combines a number of motifs, from the Great Temple of the Nabataians.
Keywords: rose red city, geology, archeological site, Egyptian architecture, Greek architecture, Roman architecture, rock tombs, natural caves, Nabataean capital

PMR115K-34
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: Unique elephant-head column capital, still to be seen in the Nabataian Great Temple from the 1st century BC.
Keywords: rose red city, geology, archeological site, Egyptian architecture, Greek architecture, Roman architecture, rock tombs, natural caves, Nabataean capital

PMR115K-10
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: The frontages of some of the rock tombs have almost been weathered away, leaving slender sandstone columns.
Keywords: rose red city, geology, archeological site, Egyptian architecture, Greek architecture, Roman architecture, rock tombs, natural caves, Nabataean capital

PMR115K-04
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture:The whole facade of Al-Khazneh (the Treasury);
two Winged Victories apppear between the columns of the upper storey.
Keywords: rose red city, Nabataean capital, natural caves, rock tombs, Roman architecture, Greek architecture, Egyptian architecture, archeological site, geology

PMR115K-03
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: Lower storey of Al-Khazneh (the Treasury) displays 6 columns with floral capitals; the forecourt filling with visitors.
Keywords: rose red city, geology, archeological site, Egyptian architecture, Greek architecture, Roman architecture, rock tombs, natural caves, Nabataean capital

PMR104K-16
Peru, Departamento de Puno, Juli: a neglected house manifests some fine stone carving - view of the portal with carved columns, lintel and tympanum.
Keywords: High Andes, picturesque, historic village

PMR094K-30
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: oblique view of the three tiers of Corinthian columns providing a backing for the theatre stage.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations

PMR089K-31
Albania, Tirana: ministerial buildings with Italianate columns on Bulevardi Deshmoret e Kombit.
Keywords: Shqiperia, architecture, capital city

PMR088K-13
Croatia, Dalmatia, Dubrovnik: Romanesque columns and courtyard in the cloister of the Franciscan Monastery.
Keywords: picturesque, Yugoslavia, port, historic city, bastions, ramparts, impregnable, fortifications, fortress, national heritage, mediaeval

PMR088K-12
Croatia, Dalmatia, Dubrovnik: a variety of carved stone column capitals in the Romanesque cloister of the Franciscan Monastery.
Keywords: picturesque, Yugoslavia, port, historic city, bastions, ramparts, impregnable, fortifications, fortress, national heritage, mediaeval

PMR088K-09
Croatia, Dalmatia, Dubrovnik: Orlando's Column (= Roland) has stood for centuries in Placa and is regarded as a symbol of Dubrovnik's freedom.
Keywords: picturesque, statue, Yugoslavia, port, historic city, bastions, ramparts, impregnable, fortifications, fortress, national heritage, mediaeval

PMR081K-21
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. Corinthian columns and the Tympanum of the Capitol, a temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, built in 166 or 167 AD. View from the Forum (market place) against a foreboding sky.
Keywords: picturesque, archeological site, Numidian, architecture, heritage, historic, Maghreb, classical architecture

PMR081K-20
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. Corinthian columns and the Tympanum of the Capitol, showing a figure being raised by an eagle. The temple was dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva and was built in 166 or 167 AD.
Keywords: picturesque, archeological site, Numidian, architecture, heritage, historic, Maghreb

PMR081K-18
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. The superb Capitol, a temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, was built in 166 or 167 AD.
Keywords: picturesque, entablature, Corinthian columns, classical architecture, archeological site, Numidian, architecture, heritage, historic, Maghreb, tympanum

PMR080K-36
Tunisia, Monastir: Mausoleum of the first president of Tunisia, Habib Bourguiba, born in Monastir, who died on 6th April 2000, aged 96. He was in office from 1957 to 1987. The mausoleum was built in 1963. Portico and wrought iron gates to one of the side entrances.
Keywords: Islamic, arches, arch, column, cupola, dome, architecture, Maghreb, historic, heritage, Mohamed, Muslim, picturesque

PMR080K-35
Tunisia, Monastir: Mausoleum of the first president of Tunisia, Habib Bourguiba, born in Monastir, who died on 6th April 2000, aged 96. He was in office from 1957 to 1987. The mausoleum was built in 1963. Courtyard and portico, showing some of the faience decoration.
Keywords: Islamic, arches, columns, cupola, dome, architecture, Maghreb, historic, heritage, Mohamed, Muslim, picturesque

PMR080K-10
Tunisia: Kairouan, the fourth holiest place in Islam, after Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem: Zaouia Sidi Sahab, burial place of Mohammed's companion, Sidi Sahab, built between 1629 and 1692, also known as the "Barber's Mosque": view of the arches and columns of the inner courtyard, showing the extent of the faience tiling.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Mohammedan, Maghreb, historic, heritage, picturesque

PMR080K-02
Tunisia: Kairouan, the fourth holiest place in Islam, after Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem: Sidi Oqba Mosque, founded in 672, the oldest in North Africa and model for later mosques throughout the Maghreb. UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site. View of the columns and capitals in the portico, mostly borrowed from Roman buildings.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Mohammedan, Maghreb, historic, heritage, picturesque

PMR017K-13
Syria, Damascus: Former treasury (Kubbat al-khazina) of the Umayyad Mosque, standing on 8 antique columns in the courtyard. Closer view of the mosaics, dating from 788 AD, but frequently restored.
Keywords: middle east, religion, Mohamed, Islam, muslim

PMR012K-19
Turkey, Istanbul: Decorated capital of a column in the Aya Sofia, built on the orders of the Roman Emperor Justinian, and consecrated on 26th December 537 . It has the second largest dome in the world. The mosaics were added in XI-XIII centuries.
Keywords: Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, Church, Cathedral, Holy Place, Historic building, architecture, Christianity, Byzantine, Byzanz

PMR031K-19
Cyprus: Ruins of the fifth century basilica at Kourion.
Keywords: archeology, columns

PMR073K-02
Spain, Lanzarote, Guatiza: "Jardin de Cactus", a cactus garden formed out of an extinct volcanic crater by César Manrique. It contains some 10,000 cacti of about 1000 different species, many flowering, as well as a restored windmill of the traditional local type. Here: a bizarre volcanic column stands in a decorative pool, surrounded by cacti.
Keywords: Canary Islands, volcanic, leisure, holidays, sunshine

PMR067K-03
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Chiemgau: Schloss Herrenchiemsee, the most magnificent of Ludwig II's palaces, based on Versailles, is to be found on an island in the large Chiemsee (lake) and can only be reached by boat. Begun in 1878, it was never completed due to lack of funds. Closer view of the upper facade, richly decorated with allegorical figures and coats of arms, supported by a row of Ionic columns.
Keywords: German Architecture, sumptuous, opulence, sculpture

PMR064K-19
Bulgaria, Sofia: Statue of Sofia, Godess of Wisdom, the city's patroness, erected on a tall column to commemorate the millennium in Nezavisimost Square.

PMR420-02
Germany, Lower Saxony, Estebrügge near Hamburg: "Altes Land" is an area bordering the River Elbe on the south west, and is one of the largest fruit-growing areas in Germany. It is also famous for its timber frame houses with ornamental brickwork. Thatched brick house with arched windows and columned portico.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, historic, timber frame houses, half-timbered houses, architecture

PMR369-01
Thailand, Bangkok: the Grand Palace, Wat Phra Keo: one of the gateways to the Royal Palace with columns and roof encrusted with ceramic ornamentation.
Keywords: Buddhist, far east, orient, Siam, picturesque, temples

PMR565-2
Hawaii, Honolulu: City Hall (Honolulu Hale) with Flame-of-the-Forest or Flamboyant tree.
Keywords: architecture, columned portico, classical architecture

PMR555-1
Australia, Tasmania: Launceston's grand Town Hall, with classical colonnaded facade, was built in 1864.
Keywords: architecture, columns

PMR551-3
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: The former Selangor Council Building (now called Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad), completed in 1897 from plans of architect A.C. Norman. View through the ornamental fountain, with columns in the foreground.
Keywords: historic building, Islamic architecture, clocktower, colonial architecture

PMR686-10
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: view of the courtyard, from the arcaded gallery, with semi-precious stone inlays on the columns.
Keywords: Arab state, Arab, Muslim, Islam, desert city, minarets, muezzin, Koran, traditional architecture

PMR668-02
Germany, Berlin: Humboldt University on Unter den Linden, with statue of its founder, Alexander von Humboldt.
Keywords: East Germany, Corinthian columns, Neo Classical architecture, metropolis, national heritage, historic, architecture, picturesque, capital city

PMR631-09
Tunisia, Dougga: the old Roman city of Thugga, the best preserved in north Africa, probably built on the site of an existing Numidian city about 105 BC. A UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site. The Forum (Marketplace), laid out between 14 and 37 AD, was surrounded on three sides by a columned portico. In the foreground a commemorative tablet by the entrance.
Keywords: architecture, archeology, ruined city, historic, heritage, Maghreb

PMR631-01
Tunisia, Monastir: the Ribat, dating from 796 AD, the oldest in north Africa. This side entrance with columns betrays the thickness of the walls.
Keywords: Muslim, Mohamed, historic, heritage, Islam, architecture

PMR629-08
Germany, Hessen, Lorsch: the Carolingian "Torhalle" or "King's Hall" (ca. 800 AD) is the only complete building which remains of the great abbey, founded in 774. The facade is decorated with sandstone marquetry in red and white, and the column capitals are probably Roman (UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site)
Keywords: architecture, heritage, historic

PMR626-05
Spain, Lanzarote, Guatiza: Jardin de Cactus: a cactus garden created in an extinct volcano crater by Cesar Manrique in 1990, regarded as an artistic masterpiece, and the most visited attraction on Lanzarote. Some 10,000 cacti of about 1000 different species are on display, many in flower. Here: the ornamental pool surrounding volcanic columns, with the wind turbines in Parque Eolico near Los Valles visible in the far distance.
Keywords: Canary Islands, botany, botanical gardens, larva

PMR626-02
Spain, Lanzarote, Guatiza: Jardin de Cactus: a cactus garden created in an extinct volcano crater by Cesar Manrique in 1990, regarded as an artistic masterpiece, and the most visited attraction on Lanzarote. Some 10,000 cacti of about 1000 different species are on display, many in flower. Here: surviving volcanic columns surrounded by cacti, with the historic windmill in the background.
Keywords: Canary Islands, botany, botanical gardens, larva

PMR625-12
Spain, Lanzarote, Guatiza: Jardin de Cactus: a cactus garden created in an extinct volcano crater by Cesar Manrique in 1990, regarded as an artistic masterpiece, and the most visited attraction on Lanzarote. Some 10,000 cacti of about 1000 different species are on display, many in flower. Here: cacti imitate a volcanic column, overlooked by the historic windmill.
Keywords: Canary Islands, larva, botanical gardens, botany

PMR621-10
Germany, Thuringia, Erfurt: St Boniface created the first bishopric in Erfurt in 742 AD, since when the city has been a centre of trade and commerce, being incorporated into the Hanseatic League in the 15th century. Known as the centre of German humanism, Martin Luther studied and preached here 1505-11. Here: "Kunsthalle", a patrician house with Renaissance facade, known as the "Haus zum Roten Ochsen" (1562), with St. Martin, dressed as a Roman legionnaire, on his ornate column.
Keywords: mediaeval city, German heritage, historic buildings, Lutherism, protestantism, mediaeval architecture

PMR621-03
Germany, Thuringia, Weimar: First mentioned in 975, Weimar reached its cultural zenith in the 18th century under Duchess Anna Amalia, when both Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich von Schiller among other writers, settled and worked here. Painters Lukas Cranach and Arnold Böcklin were also active here, as was composer Franz Liszt. Usually regarded as the home of German culture. Here: the equestrian statue of the Grand Duke Carl August of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1757-1828) in the Platz der Demokratie, with the columns of the Franz Liszt Music School in the background.
Keywords: German heritage, German architecture, European city of culture 1999

PMR616-12
Germany, Upper Bavaria: National Theatre (Opera House) in Munich, built in 1818 but destroyed in the war and rebuilt by 1963, with the statue of its founder, King Maximilian I Joseph, in Max-Joseph-Platz.
Keywords: German architecture, pediment, columned portico, classical architecture, Corinthian columns, tympanum, cobble stones

PMR616-11
Germany, Upper Bavaria: Marienplatz, the heart of Munich, with the gilded figure of Maria on her column (1594), and the old, Gothic Rathaus (town hall) (1470) with its step-gable and turreted tower.
Keywords: central square, German architecture, street scene, Ludwig Beck

PMR616-04
Bulgaria, Melnik: Sandstone cliffs are omnipresent in the town of Melnik in the Pirin Mountains, about 15 kilometres from the Turkish border. Here: administration building with columned portico, dominated by sandstone cliffs.
Keywords: Turkish-style houses, Bulgarian architecture

PMR615-08
Bulgaria, Sofia: Ivan Vasov National Theatre, built in 1907 in German classical style, rebuilt in 1923 after a disastrous fire, by architect Dülfer.
Keywords: classical columns, architrave, tympanum, entablatures

PMR614-03
Bulgaria: Batchkovo Monastery, in the Rodopi Mountains, was founded in the 12th century but several times rebuilt. It is the second largest and most important monastery in Bulgaria. View of the columned entry porch, decorated with frescoes, with the monastery church behind.
Keywords: religious building, Orthodox church, Byzantine style, monks, retreat

PMR611-12
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the town from the fortifications on Tsarevets Hill, with a defence tower and a surviving Ionic column in the foreground.
Keywords: historical site, archeological excavations, ruined fortifications, defence towers, battlements, fortifications, Bulgarian heritage, archeological site

PMR601-05
Spain, Segovia: La Granja de San Ildefonso, built by Philip V, grandson of Louis XIV, and largely inspired by Versailles: columned facade and human sphinxes.
Keywords: architecture, park, statuary

PMR596-02
Mexico: Tula, a Toltec city, founded in 968 AD as "Tollan" by Ce-Acatl-Topiltzin, later called Quetzalcoatl, went into decline and was overrun by barbarians about 1175 AD. Four 5-metre high Atlantes which formerly supported the roof of the Temple of the Morning Star. These represent Quetzalcoatl dressed as a warrior, with butterfly-shaped breastplate and a spearthrower in his right hand, and arrows in his left hand. Parts of recovered columns in the foreground.

PMR588-12
Mexico, Chichen Itza: Temple of the Warriors adjacent to the Square of the 1000 Columns, which would formerly have been roofed with thatch. Similarities to Tula.
Keywords: Maya

PMR588-02
Mexico, Tulum: Maya building with many columns could have been a palace.

PMR666-08
United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque, completed in 2007, cost $545m. and combines Mughal, Moorish and Arab architecture. It was inspired by the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore and Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. It has 82 domes and can accommodate 40,000 worshippers. The main hall of prayer contains the world's largest chandelier (over 9 tonnes in weight) and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, and can accommodate over 7,000 worshippers.

This picture: gallery on one side of the courtyard, with its countless marble columns inlaid with semi-precious stones in floral patterns, supporting Moorish arches.
Keywords: Arab state, Arab, Muslim, Islam, desert city, minarets, muezzin, Koran, traditional architecture

PMR665-11
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: top part of the stone stairway, leading through another gate, to the Temple of Artemis, whose columns are just visible.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR665-08
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: part of the colonnaded street, the Cardo Maximus, with original paving still bearing the tracks of cart wheels and complete with sidewalk and drainage sewers. The Corinthian columns mark the entrance to the Macellum or market place.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR664-12
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: the Obelisk Tomb, built by the Nabataeans in the first century BC on top of an earlier building, the Bab as-Siq Triclinium (a dining room for feasts), which has badly weathered Doric columns.
Keywords: rose red city, Nabataean capital, natural caves, rock tombs, Roman architecture, Greek architecture, Egyptian architecture, archeological site, geology

PMR664-05
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: Al-Deir ("The Monastery"), a remarkably well preserved Nabataean tomb, larger than the "Treasury", carved from the rock in the third century BC; the forecourt was originally surrounded by columns. The town of Wadi Musa is visible in the distance.
Keywords: rose red city, geology, archeological site, Egyptian architecture, Greek architecture, Roman architecture, rock tombs, natural caves, Nabataean capital

PMR664-03
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: Al-Deir ("The Monastery"), a remarkably well preserved Nabataean tomb, larger than the "Treasury", carved from the rock in the third century BC; the forecourt was originally surrounded by columns.
Keywords: rose red city, Nabataean capital, natural caves, rock tombs, Roman architecture, Greek architecture, Egyptian architecture, archeological site, geology

PMR663-11
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: the Temple of the Winged Lions: some of the heavily weathered reconstructed columns.
Keywords: rose red city, Nabataean capital, natural caves, rock tombs, Roman architecture, Greek architecture, Egyptian architecture, archeological site, geology

PMR663-09
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: the Blue Church, so called for its four blue sandstone columns, was built by the Nabataeans using material from former buildings.
Keywords: rose red city, Nabataean capital, natural caves, rock tombs, Roman architecture, Greek architecture, Egyptian architecture, archeological site, geology

PMR650-04
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A row of stone column bases, with the re-erected columns on the top of the theatre cavea in the background.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR650-03
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The theatre is one of the oldest in the Roman world, dating from 1-2 AD. The stage was backed by a forest of graceful, fluted columns and statues, with entrances left, right and centre, added by Antoninus Pius between 138 and 161 AD.
A closer look at the columns backing the stage, all carefully reassembled from broken fragments.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR650-02
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The theatre is one of the oldest in the Roman world, dating from 1-2 AD. The stage was backed by a forest of graceful, fluted columns and statues, with entrances left, right and centre, added by Antoninus Pius between 138 and 161 AD.
The left hand wing of the stage, with an inscription in Latin and Punic over the doorway.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR650-01
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

An impressive row of re-erected cipolin columns, mostly with capitals, part of the Post Scaenum Portico.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-12
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The theatre is one of the oldest in the Roman world, dating from 1-2 AD. The stage was backed by a forest of graceful, fluted columns and statues, with entrances left, right and centre, added by Antoninus Pius between 138 and 161 AD.
View from the top centre of the Cavea with the sea in the background. The VIPs sat on the first four rows, in front of the stone barrier.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-11
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The theatre is one of the oldest in the Roman world, dating from 1-2 AD. The stage was backed by a forest of graceful, fluted columns and statues, with entrances left, right and centre, added by Antoninus Pius between 138 and 161 AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-09
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The steps and remaining columns at the front of the Chalcidium, facing on to the Via Trionfale (Cardo). Inside was a colonnaded portico and temple to Augustus and Venus. Built in the first century AD by Augustus. The Arch of Trajan stands on the right.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-02
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Adjacent to the north-eastern side of the Forum stood the Basilica of Septimius Severus, 92 metres long by 40 metres wide, the nave lined by red granite columns, some of which are presently lying in the Forum. Carved limestone column in the apse showing a Bachanalian figure mounted on a lion, which is standing on a vase.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR649-01
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Adjacent to the north-eastern side of the Forum stood the Basilica of Septimius Severus, 92 metres long by 40 metres wide, the nave lined by red granite columns, some of which are presently lying in the Forum. Carved limestone columns in the apse, with scenes ornamented with vines and bunches of grapes.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-12
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Adjacent to the north-eastern side of the Forum stood the Basilica of Septimius Severus, 92 metres long by 40 metres wide, the nave lined by red granite columns, some of which are presently lying in the Forum.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-08
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Laconica (sweat bath) with columned surround in the enormous Baths of Hadrian, opened around 130 AD, soon after the city was provided with running water. The building was commissioned by the Emperor Hadrian.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-05
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The columned Palaestra in front of the enormous Baths of Hadrian, opened around 130 AD, soon after the city was provided with running water. The building was commissioned by the Emperor Hadrian.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-03
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The magnificent Arch of Septimius Severus built in 203 AD in the emperor's native town, is in a state of continual reconstruction. Details of the fluted Corinthian columns with pediment and the carved floral decoration.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR641-03
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its apogee under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982.

The stage of the well-preserved theatre, dating from 190 AD, with its three-tiered facade incorporating 108 fluted Corinthian columns, and finely carved semi-circular niches in the front of the stage.
Keywords: Roman architecture, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR641-01
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its apogee under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982.

An example of the inspired stone carving on a piece of fallen masonry, with the capital of a Corinthian column behind.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic

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