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Searching all stock for "defence":

Aircraft (1 file)

PMR-D7869
England, London, Biggin Hill: XT610 Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer 3 (c/n 561) of the Ministry of Defence at the 1972 Battle of Britain Display.
Keywords: aircraft, aeroplane, airplane, aviation, air transport, military

Travel (589 files)

PMR-D13460
Greece, Island of Rhodes, Rhodes: the Mole Naillac, at the end of which stood the 46-metre-high Naillac Tower, built in the early 14th century, now demolished, all part of the defence fortifications of thje citadel.
Keywords: architecture, Byzantine, Crusaders, historic, holiday resort, island, Knights Hospitaller, Knights of St. John, mediaeval, Mediterranean, picturesque, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO

PMR-D13394
Greece, Island of Chalki, Emporio: WWII gun emplacement on a headland with the gun in situ.
Keywords: armaments, defence, Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Halki, Hellas, island hopping, world war II

PMR137-10
Switzerland, Schaffhausen: view of the town from the Munot, a massive 16th century keep.
Keywords: architecture, woods, castle, defence, fortifications, cannon, panorama

PMR133-08
Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate, Ahrweiler: the massive Ahr Gate with its tower - the southern entrance to the town.
Keywords: architecture, Eifel, mediaeval, gate tower, defence, fortifications

PMR131-12
Germany, Bavaria, Upper Franconia: the Veste Coburg dates back to the 11th century and is one of Germany's largest castles, latterly the seat of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. The bust of Martin Luther looks down disapprovingly on a modern wedding couple posing by a cannon.
Keywords: national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic, fortress, defence, fortifications, architecture, marriage, bride

PMR131-11
Germany, Bavaria, Upper Franconia: the Veste Coburg dates back to the 11th century and is one of Germany's largest castles, latterly the seat of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Chapel used by Martin Luther in 1530 (rebuilt in Gothic style in 1847). The end gable of the Ducal Residence Building (Furstenbau). Cannons on the battlements.
Keywords: national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic, fortress, defence, fortifications, architecture

PMR131-05
Germany, Bavaria, Frankische Schweiz: view of the village of Pottenstein and its castle on a defensive rock, from a hill to the west.
Keywords: national heritage, picturesque, woods, historic, panorama, defence, fortifications, mediaeval, landscape

PMR129-05
France, Cote d'Azur, Marseilles: the crowded basin of the Old Port.
Keywords: Mediterranean, boats, moorings, crane, hoist, quayside, defence, fortifications

PMR119-07
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: outer fortifications to the Roder Gate, from the top of the Roder Tower.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables, bird's eye view

PMR119-05
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: St. Wolfgang's or Shepherds' Church (15th century Gothic); the outer side forms part of the town wall, and in the roof are fortified defence positions.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, gables

PMR119-02
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: view of the Market Square, Ratsherrntrinkstube, White Tower and town wall, from the Rathaus Tower.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables, rooftops, bird's eye view

PMR118-06
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: Castle Gate-Tower at the end of the Herrengasse. The building on the right houses the Puppet Theatre.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables

PMR118-05
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: Siebers Tower (13th Century), formerly the southern entrance gate-tower.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables

PMR118-03
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: in the central court of the Hospital Bastion, built by Leonhard Weidmann.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables

PMR118-01
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: Hospital Bastion, with 7 gates, portcullis, drawbridge and rampart! (built by Leonhard Weidmann in the 16th century).
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables

PMR120-11
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: inside the Marienberg Fortress: Schonborn Gate, built by Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Schonborn (1642-73) near the mass grave of the victims of the massacre. (The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred).
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Würzburg, Franconia, historic

PMR120-10
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: inside the Marienberg Fortress: Echter Gate in the Bastion (1605), built by Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in1631 and the 600-man garrison massacred.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Würzburg, Franconia, historic

PMR120-08
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: inside the Marienberg Fortress: Scherenberg Gate with St. Killian's Tower behind. The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Würzburg, Franconia

PMR119-11
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: the Old Forge and the Roder Tower (Roderturm), seen from the defenders' gallery on the town wall.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables

PMR119-09
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: town wall and defenders' gallery with defence towers, looking north from the top of the Roder Tower.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables

PMR117-06
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Nordlingen: the Lopsinger Gate Tower rebuilt in 1593-4 by Wolfgang Walberger, seen from the wooden defenders' gallery on the old town wall.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic

PMR117-05
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Nordlingen: the Lopsinger Gate Tower rebuilt in 1593-4 by Wolfgang Walberger.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic

PMR117-04
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Nordlingen: Lopsinger Gate Tower from the defenders' gallery on the old town wall.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic

PMR117-03
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Nordlingen: the old town wall and defenders' gallery with built-on cottages. In the background rises the Deininger Gate Tower.
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic

PMR086-06
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: the old forge, with the Roder Tower in the background, from the town wall ramparts
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables

PMR086-04
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: the White Tower (12th century), part of the oldest town fortifications
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, timber-frame, wattle and daub, gables

PMR086-02
Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: Burgtor, one of the original entry gates to the town, with adjacent town wall
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, defence, fortifications, autumn colours

PMR083-05
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: one of many old intermediate defence towers, forming part of the city walls. With autumn foliage.
Keywords: Nürnberg, fortifications, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic town

PMR082-06
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: view from the top of the Sinwell Tower (l. to r.) Pentagonal Tower, Imperial Stables, and Luginsland Tower
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR082-03
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Beim Tiergartner-tor (pedestrian zone) with the Pilatus House, all overlooked by the castle
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, timber-frame houses, cobblestones

PMR074-11
Yugoslavia, Croatia, Trogir: waterfront reflections, seen from the neighbouring island of Ciova
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, defence, town wall, campanile, mooring, boat, mediaeval, mellow

PMR074-10
Yugoslavia, Croatia, Trogir: the quayside and castle from the bridge to Ciova
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, defence, town wall, campanile

PMR074-07
Yugoslavia, Croatia, Zadar: harbour and Land Gate to the town, bearing the lion of St. Mark (1543) built by Michele Sanmicheli, who also built the rest of the town's fortifications.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, port, moorings, boats, basin, defence, town wall

PMR063-09
South Africa, Western Cape Province, Cape Town: display of white-painted cannons, ancient and modern, outside the Star Castle. "Tablecloth" forming on Table Mountain.
Keywords: gardens, flowerbeds, historic, fortifications, defence

PMR063-08
South Africa, Western Cape Province, Cape Town: cannon guarding the Castle of Good Hope, built 1666, with Table Mountain behind
Keywords: union flag, gardens, flowerbeds, historic, colourful, fortifications, defence

PMR046-09
Czechoslovakia, Prague: the Charles Bridge, defence towers, St. Vitus' Cathedral and the Three Ostriches pub in 1977
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, mediaeval, statue

PMR046-08
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Landsberg am Lech: the newly renovated Bayertor (Bavarian Gate), dating from 1425
Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR-D12053
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: Aegean , antiquity, archeology, defence, fortifications, historic, maritime, picturesque

PMR-D12052
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: Aegean , antiquity, archeology, defence, fortifications, historic, maritime, picturesque

PMR-D12048
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: Aegean , antiquity, archeology, defence, fortifications, historic, maritime, picturesque

PMR-D12047
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: path from the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: Aegean , antiquity, archeology, defence, fortifications, historic, maritime, picturesque

PMR-D12046
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the jetty and moored yachts from the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress.
Keywords: Aegean , antiquity, archeology, defence, fortifications, historic, maritime, picturesque

PMR-D12045
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the Turkish sailing boat "Bahriyeli C" from the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress.
Keywords: Aegean , antiquity, archeology, defence, fortifications, historic, maritime, picturesque

PMR-D12041
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: Aegean , antiquity, archeology, defence, fortifications, historic, maritime, picturesque

PMR-D11987
Greece, Island of Chalki: ruins of a Byzantine fortress on a barren hill overlooks the coastline, quite without vegetation.
Keywords: coast, defence, Dodecanese, fortifications, geology, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, isolated

PMR-D11980
Greece, Island of Chalki: ruins of a Byzantine fortress on a barren hill, where a solitary tree defies the elements.
Keywords: coast, defence, Dodecanese, fortifications, geology, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, isolated

PMR-D11964
Greece, Island of Tilos: newly renovated monastery of Agios Panteleimonos which is built against the cliff and is home to just one monk. The defence- and watchtower, and adjacent church.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, isolated, Orthodox

PMR-D11918
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg: the 7-metre-high, 2.3-metre-long, intact town wall, with timber-framed Wiekhouses which were built into the wall every 30 metres for defence purposes.
Keywords: architecture, Brick-Gothic, culture, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque

PMR-D11917
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg: the 7-metre-high, 2.3-metre-long, intact town wall, with timber-framed Wiekhaus. To the right stands the Fangelturm or Mönchenturm, a reinforcing defence tower.
Keywords: architecture, Brick-Gothic, culture, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque

PMR-D11916
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg: the 7-metre-high, 2.3-metre-long, intact town wall, with timber-framed Wiekhouses which were built into the wall every 30 metres for defence purposes.
Keywords: architecture, Brick-Gothic, culture, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque

PMR-D11915
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg: the Fangelturm or Mönchenturm, a 19-metre reinforcing defence tower with 2.3-metre thick walls, stands in the north-west of the town. Originally a second tower stood nearby.
Keywords: architecture, Brick-Gothic, culture, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque, Wiekhaus

PMR-D11913
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg: the 7-metre-high, 2.3-metre-long, intact town wall, with timber-framed Wiekhaus; similar ones are built into the wall every 30 metres for defence purposes.
Keywords: architecture, Brick-Gothic, culture, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque

PMR-D11910
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg: the 7-metre-high, 2.3-metre-long, intact town wall, with two of the Wiekhäuser, built into the wall every 30 metres for defence purposes.
Keywords: architecture, Brick-Gothic, culture, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque

PMR-D11909
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg: the 7-metre-high, 2.3-metre-long, intact town wall, with timber-framed Wiekhaus; similar ones are built into the wall every 30 metres for defence purposes.
Keywords: architecture, Brick-Gothic, culture, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque

PMR-D11901
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg: the 7-metre-high, 2.3-metre-long, intact town wall, with two of the Wiekhäuser, built into the wall every 30 metres for defence purposes.
Keywords: architecture, Brick-Gothic, culture, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque

pMR-D11239
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: the mediaeval crusader castle with swallowtail castellations on its well preserved walls was built for the Order of the Knights of St. John on the site of the ancient Lycian town of Simena. It dominates the present Turkish village of Kalekoy which can only be reached by boat or on foot.
Keywords: castle, culture, defence, fortifications, fortress, heritage, historic, picturesque

PMR018-15
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Landsberg am Lech: view of the Bäckertor (Bakers Gate) (mid 13th century) and the Roßmarkt.
Keywords: mediaeval, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR018-10
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Landsberg am Lech: the Mutterturm (19th century).
Keywords: mediaeval, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR-D10432
Portugal, Azores Islands, Sao Miguel, Ponta Delgada: Antonio Enes, F471, a Joao Coutinho class Patrol Frigate of the Portuguese Navy.
Keywords: warships, defence, naval, Marinha Portuguesa

PMR-D9948
Portugal, Azores Islands, Sao Miguel, Ponta Delgada: the 16th century fortress, Sao Bras, built to defend the port, is now home to an extensive military museum.
Keywords: architecture, harbour, defence, fortifications, national heritage, picturesque, historic

PMR-D9909
Portugal, Azores Islands, Sao Miguel, Ponta Delgada: the 16th century fortress, Sao Bras, built to defend the port, is now home to an extensive military museum.
Keywords: architecture, harbour, defence, fortifications, national heritage, picturesque, historic

PMR-D8283
Germany, Lower Saxony, Goslar: Breites Tor ("Wide Gate"), built in 1443, with the "Zwinger", or complementary defence tower (1517). Once, one of the most strongly defended gates in the country, much of the fortification has been demolished, including the outer gate with its own defence towers.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval

PMR-D8281
Germany, Lower Saxony, Goslar: Breites Tor ("Wide Gate"), built in 1443, with the "Zwinger", or complementary defence tower (1517). Once, one of the most strongly defended gates in the country, much of the fortification has been demolished, including the outer gate with its own defence towers.
Keywords: architecture, UNESCO, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval

PMR-D8200
Sweden, Smaland, Kalmar: the castle and moat originally date back to the 12th century, but in 1891 a reconstruction was completed to the shape of a Renaissance castle according to plans of architect Carl Möller. The Kalmar Union, between Denmark, Norway and Sweden, was signed here in 1397.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, defence, fortifications, Scandinavia, reflections

PMR-D8199
Sweden, Smaland, Kalmar: the castle and moat originally date back to the 12th century, but in 1891 a reconstruction was completed to the shape of a Renaissance castle according to plans of architect Carl Möller. The Kalmar Union, between Denmark, Norway and Sweden, was signed here in 1397.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, defence, fortifications, Scandinavia, reflections

PMR-D8057
Norway, Oslo: a cargo ship moored under the walls of the Akershus Fortress which dates back to the late 14th century.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, defence, fortifications, capital city, Scandinavia, architecture

PMR-D7996
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state. Enthusiasts in period artillery uniforms re-enact past military actions for onlookers.
Keywords: picturesque, horses, castle, fortifications, culture, architecture, heritage, mediaeval, cannon, defence

PMR-D7991
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: inside the Marienberg Fortress: Schönborn Gate, built by Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn (1642-73) near the mass grave of the victims of the massacre. (The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred).
Keywords: defence, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, historic, Franconia, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications

PMR-D7989
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: inside the Marienberg Fortress: Echter or Michael's Gate in the Bastion (1605), built by Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in1631 and the 600-man garrison massacred.
Keywords: defence, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, historic, Franconia, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications

PMR-D7988
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: inside the Marienberg Fortress: the mediaeval Scherenberg Gate originally commanded a drawbridge. St. Killian's Tower behind. The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred.
Keywords: defence, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, culture, Franconia, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications

PMR-D7986
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: the north tract of the Marienberg Fortress, with the Scherenbergzwinger, from the north-east. The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred.
Keywords: architecture, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, historic, Franconia, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR-D7985
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: defence towers on the west fortified wall of the Marienberg Fortress. It was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred.
Keywords: architecture, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, historic, Franconia, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage

PMR-D7962
Germany, Bavaria, Würzburg: The Marienberg, with its fortress, is one of the oldest sites of settlement in Franconia, going back to at least 1000 BC. The present fortress was started about 1200 and remained the seat of the Prince-Bishops until 1719. It was remodelled into a Renaissance palace by Julius Echter from about 1600. The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred.
Keywords: picturesque, mediaeval, heritage, architecture, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, culture, fortifications, defence

PMR-D7960
Germany, Bavaria, Würzburg: The Marienberg, with its fortress, is one of the oldest sites of settlement in Franconia, going back to at least 1000 BC. The present fortress was started about 1200 and remained the seat of the Prince-Bishops until 1719. It was remodelled into a Renaissance palace by Julius Echter from about 1600. The fortress was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred. View with part of the bridge over the River Main.
Keywords: picturesque, mediaeval, heritage, architecture, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, culture, fortifications, defence

PMR-D7948
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Tauberbischofsheim: the Türmersturm (tower), dating from 1270, was once part of the defence fortifications.
Keywords: picturesque, mediaeval, heritage, Tauber Valley, architecture, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, culture

PMR-D7947
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Tauberbischofsheim: the Zwinger, a former defence fortification, in Schlossplatz (Castle Square).
Keywords: picturesque, cobblestones, mediaeval, heritage, Tauber Valley, architecture, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, culture

PMR-D7615
Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new").
The Angel Bastion in the west is a sea defence.
Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO

PMR-D7424
Morocco, Fez: gate to the medina and defence walls.
Keywords: Africa, picturesque, culture, national heritage, historic, Fes, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, royal city, UNESCO

PMR-D6823
Ireland, County Galway, Kinvara: Dunguaire Castle, a 16th century tower house. It has featured in the US films "Guns in the Heather" (1969) and "North Sea Hijack" (1979).
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, culture, architecture, imposing, defence, stone-built

PMR-D6822
Ireland, County Galway, Kinvara: Dunguaire Castle, a 16th century tower house. It has featured in the US films "Guns in the Heather" (1969) and "North Sea Hijack" (1979).
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, culture, architecture, imposing, defence, stone-built

PMR-D6807
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Kilmurvey: the path from the village up to Dun Aonghasa prehistoric fort, believed to be about 2000 years old, which stands on the edge of a 60-metre sheer cliff.
Keywords: heritage, culture, picturesque, fortress, defence, prehistoric, Dun Aengus

PMR-D6806
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Kilmurvey: inside the outer wall of Dun Aonghasa prehistoric fort, believed to be about 2000 years old. Beyond, view of the rest of the treeless island, about 14 km. long.
Keywords: heritage, culture, picturesque, fortress, defence, prehistoric, Dun Aengus

PMR-D6805
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Kilmurvey: reconstructed entrance in the inner defence wall of Dun Aonghasa prehistoric fort, believed to be about 2000 years old.
Keywords: heritage, culture, picturesque, fortress, defence, prehistoric, sheer drop, Dun Aengus

PMR-D6804
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Kilmurvey: the 60-metre cliffs on which stand Dun Aonghasa prehistoric fort, believed to be about 2000 years old. The outer defence wall can be seen in the distance.
Keywords: heritage, culture, picturesque, fortress, defence, prehistoric, sheer drop, Dun Aengus

PMR-D6803
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Kilmurvey: the 60-metre cliffs on which stand Dun Aonghasa prehistoric fort, believed to be about 2000 years old. The outer defence wall can be seen in the distance.
Keywords: heritage, culture, picturesque, fortress, defence, prehistoric, sheer drop, Dun Aengus

PMR-D6802
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Kilmurvey: the inner defence wall and entrance to Dun Aonghasa prehistoric fort, believed to be about 2000 years old, which stands on the edge of a 60-metres-high cliff.
Keywords: heritage, culture, picturesque, fortress, defence, prehistoric, sheer drop, Dun Aengus

PMR-D6801
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Kilmurvey: the 60-metre cliffs on which stand Dun Aonghasa prehistoric fort, believed to be about 2000 years old.
Keywords: heritage, culture, picturesque, fortress, defence, prehistoric, sheer drop, Dun Aengus

PMR-D6428
Germany, Bavaria, Unterfranken, Röttingen: part of the intact 470-metre-long north-western defence wall, with the spire of the Catholic parish church, St. Kilian.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6424
Germany, Bavaria, Unterfranken, Röttingen: Jakobsturm, one of the oldest of the original 14 defence towers, has been converted into holiday accommodation. From outside the town wall it retains its original appearance.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6404
Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Creglingen: Faulturm (tower) one of the remaining defence towers with built-on timber-frame houses.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6393
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: Nördlinger Tor, the town's southern gate (right centre), with the town mill (right) dating from 1378 and fortified, being outside the town wall. The round defence tower (Salwarten Turm) is part of the town wall. The allotments in the foreground are let to the socially needy.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6386
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: cobbled streets and burgher houses in the old town, with one of the defence towers on the town wall in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6330
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: town wall with Faulturm (defence tower) and Park-keeper's House, reflected in the Rothenburger Pool.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6328
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: Bäuerlinsturm, a defence tower on the eastern town wall dating from 16th century. Close-up of the living quarters with steeply hipped roof.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6327
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: Bäuerlinsturm, a defence tower on the eastern town wall dating from 16th century.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6324
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: view from the tower of St. George's Minster with St. Paul's protestant church, built 1840-3, in the centre. A number of defence towers on the town wall are visible.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, panorama

PMR-D6316
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: view of the town wall and defence tower ("Grüner Turm") from the Segringer Gate.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6311
Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: town wall with Faulturm (defence tower) and Park-keeper's House, reflected in the Rothenburger Pool.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6290
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Nördlingen: the Feilturm or Schuldturm was a defence tower dating back to the 14th century. It may have been used as a prison.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6289
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Nördlingen: the round Reissturm was a defence tower, first mentionned in 1406, but was remodelled in 1644. It is crowned with a "floating Welsh cupola".
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6284
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Nördlingen: part of the defenders' gallery on the town wall near the Löpsinger Gate, with an unusual defence tower.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6282
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Nördlingen: defenders' gallery on the town wall, with the only "pointed defence tower". Nördlingen is the only German town with an unbroken town wall which one can circumambulate.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6262
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View from the ramparts, with the River Wörnitz and the old town of Harburg with its original stone bridge.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6261
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View from the ramparts, with the River Wörnitz and the old town of Harburg with its original stone bridge.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6260
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View from the ramparts, with the River Wörnitz, the town of Harburg, and the main road which tunnels through the hill below.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6258
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. The stucco figure of Pax (peace) faces the figure of Mars (war) at opposite ends of the great hall.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6257
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. The stucco figure of Mars (war) faces the figure of Pax (peace) at opposite ends of the great hall.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6256
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View of the Burgvogtei (admin), eintrance to the inner courtyard with portcullis, White Tower, defenders' gallery and wellhouse, with herb garden in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6255
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View of the defenders' gallery, former bakery with its own tower and wellhouse.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6254
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View of the portcullis, White Tower, defenders' gallery and wellhouse.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6253
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. A closer view of the defenders' gallery.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6252
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. The Burgvogtei (administration) on the left, with the chapel and Palas (living quarters) on the far side of the courtyard. The open-air restaurant is in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6251
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View of the herb garden, the keep and Kastenhaus (grain store) from the defenders' gallery.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6250
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View of the White Tower and the gatekeeper's house, from the herb garden.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6249
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View of the inner gate with its portcullis, the defenders' gallery, the White Tower and the present-day restaurant.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6248
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View from the ramparts, with the River Wörnitz, the town of Harburg, and the main road which tunnels through the hill below.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6247
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. The herb garden, in the inner courtyard.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6246
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. "Rote Stallung", the former stables.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6245
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View of the keep/watchtower, the oldest part of the fortress, with a bastion in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6244
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View of the inner courtyard with wellhouse in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6243
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View from the south-west.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6242
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View from the south-west.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6241
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Harburg: the castle of Harburg, dating back to before 1150, is one of the largest and best-preserved in southern Germany. View from the south-west.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, fortress, fortification, defence

PMR-D6228
Germany, Bavaria, Swabia, Donauwörth: path alongside the town wall and the arm of the River Wörnitz with the Färbertorl, a mediaeval defence tower, in the distance.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6187
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Landsberg am Lech: part of the old town wall, with one of the defence towers.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6183
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Landsberg am Lech: part of the old town wall with one of the crenellated defence towers.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture

PMR-D6094
England, West Sussex, Bramber: the Parish Church was built by William de Broase in 1073 as part of his castle residences and defences. To the left stands the ruin of the gatehouse of Bramber Castle, built abiut the same time.
Keywords: architecture, mediaeval, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, Norman

PMR-D6093
England, West Sussex, Bramber: the ruined gatehouse tower of a Norman Motte-and-Bailey Castle built by William de Broase about 1070 as part of his castle residences and defences
Keywords: architecture, mediaeval, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, Norman

PMR-D6092
England, West Sussex, Bramber: the Parish Church was built by William de Broase in 1073 as part of his castle residences and defences
Keywords: architecture, mediaeval, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, Norman

PMR-D6058
Oman, Muscat: an old watchtower overlooking the buildings of Old Muscat, with the Omani flag flying high.
Keywords: oil wealth, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, architecture, sultanate, defence, fortifications

PMR-D6011
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense by the sultans of Hadhramaut. View of the city on its commanding position on high ground, surrounded by impregnable walls of limestone slabs, originally maybe 10m high.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation, defence, fortifications

PMR-D5869
Oman, Jabrin: plan of Jabreen Castle (Gabrin Fort) which dates back to about 1672 and has recently been throughly renovated.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, architecture, fortress, defence, historic

PMR-D5868
Oman, Jabrin: colourfully decorated roof of the dining hall of Jabreen Castle (Gabrin Fort) which dates back to about 1672 and has recently been throughly renovated.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, architecture, fortress, defence, historic, ornate, beams

PMR-D5867
Oman, Jabrin: view of the town, at the foot of barren mountains, from Jabreen Castle.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, architecture, fortress, defence, historic

PMR-D5866
Oman, Jabrin: the entrance to Jabreen Castle (Gabrin Fort) which dates back to about 1672 and has recently been throughly renovated.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, architecture, fortress, defence, historic

PMR-D5823
Oman, Nakhal: view of Nakhal Fortress (Husn Al Heem), dating from pre-Islamic times, showing its full extent and the rocky spur on which it was built.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, picturesque, oasis, defence, fortifications, crenellations

PMR-D5822
Oman, Nakhal: view of Nakhal Fortress (Husn Al Heem), dating from pre-Islamic times, showing the rocky spur on which it was built, with the Omani flag flying proudly.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, picturesque, oasis, defence, fortifications, crenellations

PMR-D5821
Oman, Nakhal: view of Nakhal Fortress (Husn Al Heem), dating from pre-Islamic times, showing the rocky spur on which it was built, with the Omani flag flying proudly.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, picturesque, oasis, defence, fortifications, crenellations

PMR-D5820
Oman, Nakhal: Nakhal Fortress (Husn Al Heem), dating from pre-Islamic times: view from the "keep", with the town and its mosque in the distance.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, picturesque, oasis, defence, fortifications, crenellations

PMR-D5819
Oman, Nakhal: the "keep" and part of the natural rock spur, on which it is built, of Nakhal Fortress (Husn Al Heem), dating from pre-Islamic times.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, picturesque, oasis, defence, fortifications, crenellations

PMR-D5818
Oman, Nakhal: the "keep" and outer walls of Nakhal Fortress (Husn Al Heem), dating from pre-Islamic times, with Jebel Nakhal, a spur of the Western Hajar mountains, behind.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, picturesque, oasis, defence, fortifications

PMR-D5803
Oman, Muscat: the newly-restored Mirani Fort , built by the Portuguese in the 16th century to defend the harbour.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, fortress, defence

PMR-D5802
Oman, Muscat: minaret of the blue-tiled Al Khor Mosque, with the restored Mirani Fort behind, built by the Portuguese in the 16th century.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, fortress, defence

PMR-D5738
Turkey, Marmoris: the castle, built in 1522, in the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, stands on the site of age-old defensive installations. It now houses an ethnographical museum. View along the defence walls, with a display of wine amphorae under the red roof.
Keywords: port, harbour, holiday resort, marina, yachts, boats, picturesque, colourful, heritage, historic, fortress, crenellations, culture

PMR-D5222
Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: a defence turret on the fortified wall of the Kohna Ark.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5186
Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: the mighty, fortified city wall and bastions of the Ichan Kala.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO, defence, castellations, crenelations

PMR-D5185
Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: the mighty, fortified city wall and bastions of the Ichan Kala.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO, defence, castellations, crenelations

PMR-D5181
Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: the mighty, fortified city wall and bastions of the Ichan Kala.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO, defence, castellations, crenelations

PMR-D4192
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, fortifications, defence, historic, archeology, antiquity

PMR-D4191
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, fortifications, defence, historic, archeology, antiquity

PMR-D4190
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, fortifications, defence, historic, archeology, antiquity

PMR-D4181
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): castle of St. Peter, built by crusading knights of the Order of St. John in 1402, using stones from the tomb of Mausolus (=mausoleum). The "Italian Tower" (left), the "French Tower" (right), and the "English Tower" (centre).
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, quay, jetty, yachts, pleasure craft, fortifications, historic, culture, Petronium, defence, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising

PMR-D4180
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): castle of St. Peter, built by crusading knights of the Order of St. John in 1402, using stones from the tomb of Mausolus (=mausoleum).
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, quay, jetty, yachts, pleasure craft, fortifications, historic, culture, Petronium, defence, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising

PMR-D4178
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): castle of St. Peter, built by crusading knights of the Order of St. John in 1402, using stones from the tomb of Mausolus (=mausoleum). The "English Tower" on the left.
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, quay, jetty, yachts, pleasure craft, fortifications, historic, culture, Petronium, defence, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising

PMR-D4174
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): the German Tower in St. Peter's Castle, built by crusading knights of the Order of St. John in 1402, using stones from the tomb of Mausolus (=mausoleum).
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, pleasure craft, fortifications, historic, culture, Petronium, defence, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising

PMR-D4172
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): Greek family gravestone, displayed in the castle of St. Peter, built by crusading knights of the Order of St. John in 1402, using stones from the tomb of Mausolus (=mausoleum).
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, pleasure craft, fortifications, historic, culture, Petronium, defence, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising

PMR-D4170
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): view of the town and harbour from the walls of St Peter's Castle, with mosque in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, quay, jetty, yachts, pleasure craft, culture, Petronium, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising, fortifications, defence

PMR-D4169
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): the Spanish or Snake Tower in St. Peter's Castle, built by crusading knights of the Order of St. John in 1402, using stones from the tomb of Mausolus (=mausoleum).
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, pleasure craft, fortifications, historic, culture, Petronium, defence, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising

PMR-D4166
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): castle of St. Peter, built by crusading knights of the Order of St. John in 1402, using stones from the tomb of Mausolus (=mausoleum). View from the harbour.
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, pleasure craft, fortifications, historic, culture, Petronium, defence, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising

PMR-D4163
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): castle of St. Peter, built by crusading knights of the Order of St. John in 1402, using stones from the tomb of Mausolus (=mausoleum).
Keywords: picturesque, port, harbour, quay, jetty, yachts, pleasure craft, fortifications, historic, culture, Petronium, defence, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising

PMR-D4125
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Ruined towers for the defence of the Military Harbour, and the present day lighthouse on the Triopian Peninsula.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4105
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, fortifications, defence, historic, archeology, antiquity

PMR-D4104
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: view of the perimeter walls of Loryma Fortress which was built by the Hellenes to protect their ships during the Peloponnesian War, in the 5th century BC.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, fortifications, defence, historic, archeology, antiquity

PMR-D4091
Germany, Bavaria, Kulmbach: Plassenburg Fortress, seat of the Franconian Hohenzollerns for 450 years, dominates the town.
Keywords: picturesque, architecture, historic, heritage, culture, fortificationss, defence

PMR-D4081
Germany, Bavaria, Wonsees: Burg Zwernitz, dating back to 1156, framed by bizarre rock formations.
Keywords: picturesque, fortifications, defence, mediaeval, historic, heritage, architecture

PMR-D4080
Germany, Bavaria, Wonsees: Burg Zwernitz, dating back to 1156, framed by bizarre rock formations.
Keywords: picturesque, fortifications, defence, mediaeval, historic, heritage, architecture

PMR-D4079
Germany, Bavaria, Wonsees: Burg Zwernitz, dating back to 1156, framed by bizarre rock formations.
Keywords: picturesque, fortifications, defence, mediaeval, historic, heritage, architecture

PMR-D4078
Germany, Bavaria, Wonsees: Burg Zwernitz, dating back to 1156, was part of a signalling network in Franconia using smoke from the top of its tower.
Keywords: picturesque, fortifications, defence, mediaeval, historic, heritage, architecture

PMR-D4077
Germany, Bavaria, Wonsees: view from the tower of Burg Zwernitz, dating back to 1156
Keywords: picturesque, park, fortifications, defence, mediaeval, historic, heritage, Franconia

PMR-D4075
Germany, Bavaria, Wonsees: Burg Zwernitz, dating back to 1156, was part of a signalling network in Franconia using smoke from the top of its tower. The former inn, in the foreground, is used for its administration.
Keywords: picturesque, fortifications, defence, mediaeval, historic, heritage, architecture

PMR-D2833
Greece, Island of Rhodes: Turkish houses in the Odos Ierokleous, on the line of the old Byzantine defence wall.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2826
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. Cannonballs embedded in the wall near the Akandia Gate.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2824
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. The Bastion del Carretto or Italian Tower, built 1515-17 in the "Tongue" of Provence.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2823
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. Part of the "Tongue" of Provence in the south east of the old city.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2820
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. View of the wall through an arch at St. John's Gate, from the moat.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2818
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. Masses of Crown Daisies (Chrysanthemum coronarium) in the moat between the city wall and "terreplein" of the "Tongue" of England.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence, flora, botany, wildflowers

PMR-D2817
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. Tower of the Virgin Mary and its bastion in the south-west corner of the old city.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2816
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. View between the wall and "terreplein" of the Spanish "Tongue", with the Tower of Spain in the distance.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2815
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. The "terreplein" (embankment, or second wall) of the Spanish "Tongue"
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2814
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. Part of the Tower of Spain, built in 1489 by Pierre d'Aubusson, whose arms can be seen to the left.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2813
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. Part of the "Tongue of Auverne" with masses of Crown Daisies (Chrysanthemum coronarium) in the foreground.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, landscape, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence, flora, wildflowers, botany

PMR-D2812
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. The Bastion of St George, with piles of Ottoman cannonballs in the moat.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, landscape, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2811
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. Amboise Gate in the German "Tongue", seen from the moat.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2789
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the clock tower, built in 1852 on the site of a demolished defence tower.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, architecture, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders

PMR-D2787
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. The double wall and double moat of the "English Tongue", from the Tower of the Virgin Mary.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D2786
Greece, Island of Rhodes: the massive walls of the mediaeval city, built by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century, up to 12 metres thick. The double wall and double moat of the "English Tongue", from the Tower of the Virgin Mary.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, fortifications, defence

PMR-D1140
Germany, Bavaria, Upper Franconia, Bamberg: fortified defence wall of Altenburg, with tower.
Keywords: picturesque, architecture, fortifications, defence, national heritage, mediaeval, historical

PMR-D1137
Germany, Bavaria, Upper Franconia, Bamberg: the main entrance to Altenburg, across the former drawbridge.
Keywords: picturesque, fortifications, defence, national heritage, mediaeval, historical

PMR-D1136
Germany, Bavaria, Upper Franconia, Bamberg: Altenburg, on one of the city's six hills, was last rebuilt in the 16th century.
Keywords: picturesque, architecture, fortifications, defence, national heritage, mediaeval, historical

PMR-D1135
Germany, Bavaria, Upper Franconia, Bamberg: the two west towers are Gothic in style, copied from the cathedral of Laon, in northern France (including the donkeys!).
Keywords: picturesque, Franconia, fortifications, defence, cobblestones, national heritage, mediaeval, historical

PMR-D0858
Myanmar, Mandalay: defensive walls and moat, 3.2 km x 3.2 km. square, surrounding Mandalay Palace and Fortress ("Fort Dufferin" under British occupation).
Keywords: Buddhist, defence, Burma, religious, colourful, architecture, picturesque, temples

PMR-D0769
Cyprus (North), Kantara: Barbican and defence tower of mediaeval Kantara Crusader Castle.
Keywords: Mediterranean, Byzantine, island, holiday resort, Aphrodite's birthplace, picturesque, historic, landscape, fortress defance, ruin

PMR-D0682
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Heilig-Geist-Spital (Holy Ghost Hospital), built 1332-39, floodlit at night, and reflected in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Franconia, Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR365-12
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the "Amtsgericht" or County Court building with elaborate crest on the frieze and ornate window mouldings.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval, Baroque

PMR365-11
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the castle, which dates back to 1025 or even earlier, was constantly extended, and now comprises an inner courtyard and 5 outer courtyards, straggling along a ridge for 1051 metres, making it the longest castle in the world. The Christopher Gate to the castle, in the fifth courtyard.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR365-10
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the castle, which dates back to 1025 or even earlier, was constantly extended, and now comprises an inner courtyard and 5 outer courtyards, straggling along a ridge for 1051 metres, making it the longest castle in the world. Clocktower with sundial, and wellhouse, in the fifth courtyard of the castle.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR365-09
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: facades of the entire main street with the River Salzach and the bridge to Austria behind. As seen from the castle.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR365-07
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the tower of St. Jacob's Parish Church and the town centre. The farther side of the River Salzach belongs to Austria, the customs post being at the end of the bridge. View from the roof of the "Palas" in the castle.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR365-06
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the castle, which dates back to 1025 or even earlier, was constantly extended, and now comprises an inner courtyard and 5 outer courtyards, straggling along a ridge for 1051 metres, making it the longest castle in the world. Lake Wöhr, which occupies the former course of the River Salzach, from the roof of the Palas.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR365-05
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the castle, which dates back to 1025 or even earlier, was constantly extended, and now comprises an inner courtyard and 5 outer courtyards, straggling along a ridge for 1051 metres, making it the longest castle in the world. Eggenberg Tower and curtain wall spanning Lake Wöhr, from the roof of the "Palas".
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR365-04
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the castle, which dates back to 1025 or even earlier, was constantly extended, and now comprises an inner courtyard and 5 outer courtyards, straggling along a ridge for 1051 metres, making it the longest castle in the world. View along the castle ridge from the roof of the "Palas" or Duke's Quarters.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR365-03
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the castle, which dates back to 1025 or even earlier, was constantly extended, and now comprises an inner courtyard and 5 outer courtyards, straggling along a ridge for 1051 metres, making it the longest castle in the world. The first and principal courtyard, with the "Kemnate" or living quarters on the left.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR365-02
Germany, Bavaria, Burghausen: the castle, which dates back to 1025 or even earlier, was constantly extended, and now comprises an inner courtyard and 5 outer courtyards, straggling along a ridge for 1051 metres, making it the longest castle in the world. Stephan's Tower and the main entrance.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, gables, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR361-03
Switzerland, Bernese Oberland, Spiez: view of the harbour, the mediaeval castle (12th/13th century), and Alte Kirche - a Romanesque church dating from the 10th century, from the path up to the town.
Keywords: picturesque, Alps, mountain range, alpine scenery, colourful, yachts, boats, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR361-01
Switzerland, Bernese Oberland, Spiez: view approaching the town with its harbour and mediaeval castle (12th/13th century), and Alte Kirche - a Romanesque church dating from the 10th century.
Keywords: picturesque, Alps, mountain range, alpine scenery, colourful, yachts, boats, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR360-12
Switzerland, Bernese Oberland, Spiez: harbour scene with the mediaeval castle (12th/13th century), and Alte Kirche - a Romanesque church dating from the 10th century.
Keywords: picturesque, Alps, mountain range, alpine scenery, colourful, yachts, boats, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR360-11
Switzerland, Bernese Oberland, Spiez: view of the harbour and castle from the promenade flower gardens.
Keywords: picturesque, Alps, mountain range, alpine scenery, alpine meadows, chalets, colourful, yachts, boats, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR360-02
France, Haute-Savoie, Thonon-les-Bains: the inner harbour and chateau.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, sailing, fishing boat, yacht, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR349-12
India, Gwalior: view of the cliff on which Gwalior Fort stands, dominating the town below.
Keywords: culture, historic, heritage, fortifications, defence, geology

PMR346-04
India, Rajasthan, Amber/Amer: Amber Fort overlooks the old city, predecessor of the modern city of Jaipur, which was founded by Maharaja Jai Singh II in 1727.
Keywords: picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, reflections, palace, fortifications, defence

PMR333-11
Germany, Upper Bavaria: Siemens AG, high security Defence Electronics Division at Unterschleissheim, built 1986.
Keywords: München, architecture, offices, antennae

PMR332-05
Denmark, Helsingor (Elsinore): view of the grounds and fortifications of Kronborg Fortress, where Hamlet might have walked, with cannons in the foreground. The yacht harbour is visible in the distance.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, defence

PMR332-04
Denmark, Helsingor (Elsinore): view from the Kronborg Fortress across Oresund to Helsingborg in Sweden, with cannons in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR331-12
Sweden, Vadstena: Renaissance castle with moat, begun by Gustav Vasa in 1545, has four massive corner towers, and a central tower which contains the chapel.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence, red-brick

PMR331-11
Sweden, Vadstena: Renaissance castle with moat, begun by Gustav Vasa in 1545, has four massive corner towers, and a central tower which contains the chapel.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence, red-brick, reflections

PMR324-07
USSR, Leningrad: Peter and Paul Fortress, with the golden spire of the cathedral reflected in the waters of the Kronverk Canal.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, heritage, Orthodox, St. Petersburg, fortifications, defence

PMR321-09
USSR, Novgorod: Spasski Tower (15th century) at the southern end of the Kremlin wall, and Knyashi Tower (left).
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR321-07
USSR, Novgorod: view of the Kremlin walls and beach, from the Victory Monument.
Keywords: picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR321-03
USSR, Novgorod: Kremlin wall with defence towers and Pokrov Church. The tower in the foreground is the Kokui Tower, built in the 17th century.
Keywords: architecture, culture, historic, colourful, heritage, monument, capital city, fortifications, defence

PMR318-11
Poland, Cracow: entrance gate to the Wawel Fortress in Sandomierska Tower. The portcullis is lowered at night. In the background is the Senatorska Tower.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR316-10
Poland, Cracow: Thieves' Tower, part of the mediaeval defence system of the Wawel Fortress.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, culture, historic, medieval, heritage

PMR316-09
Poland, Cracow: River Vistula seen from the walls of the Wawel Fortress with the Kosciuszko Mound in the distamce.
Keywords: picturesque, buttress, fortifications , defence

PMR315-04
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Eichstätt: Willibaldsburg (St. Willibald's Castle), built in 1353 - the Gemmingen Building seen from the west in the valley.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR315-02
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Eichstätt: Willibaldsburg (St. Willibald's Castle), built in 1353 - view of the Gemmingen Building with north tower.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR314-01
Switzerland, Basel: surviving part of the city's fortified wall in St. Alban-Tal (Valley)..
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, culture, historic, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR312-05
France, Alsace, Riquewihr, a well preserved mediaeval village on the edge of the Vosges: outside the town wall.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, colourful, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster, heritage, cobblestones, fortifications, defence

PMR310-07
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia: Burg Randeck (ca. 1000 AD), perched on the clifftop above Essing, is one of the oldest fortified castles in Bavaria.
Keywords: nature, countryside, picturesque, rocky, steep, precipitous, limestone, jura, fortifications, defence

PMR310-05
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia: view of Essing and the town gate from the wooden bridge over the River Altmühl, with Burg Randeck, built ca. 1000, on the clifftop.
Keywords: nature, countryside, picturesque, rocky, steep, precipitous, limestone, jura, fortifications, defence

PMR310-04
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia: Bridge over the river in the Altmühl Valley at Essing, with Burg Randeck, built ca. 1000, on the clifftop.
Keywords: nature, countryside, picturesque, rocky, steep, precipitous, limestone, jura, fortifications, defence

PMR302-05
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate, Koblenz: former Prussian Government Building, erected in 1905 in neo-Romanesque style, now houses the Ministry of Defence Technology.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic

PMR234-10
Romania, Moldavia, Vatra Moldovitei: the frescoed church of Moldovita Monastery: frescoes on the vestibule roof and walls; "The Last Judgement" appears as customary on the west outer wall.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, countryside, picturesque

PMR206-11
Israel, Jerusalem: the Western (Wailing) Wall :
the lower 7 stone courses (19 more are below ground level!) are from the time of Herod (20 BC); the next 4 courses are from Roman times, and the top part was added at the time of the British mandate. At present it stands 18 metres high.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR291-01
Turkey, Anamur: this imposing fortress, Mamure Castle, sited on a spit of land jutting into the sea, was originally built by the Romans in the 4th century AD and was one of the last strongholds of the Crusaders until 1221 when it fell to the Seljuk Turks who extended it to its present size.
Keywords: fortifications, defence, castle, impregnable, crenellations

PMR290-03
Turkey, Marmaris: castellated walls of the fortress overlooking the harbour.
Keywords: fortifications, defence, Turkish flags

PMR271-11
Bahamas, Nassau: Fort Fincastle, built on a hill overlooking the city by Governor Lord Dunmore in 1793. View from the Water Tower and Lighthouse, 126 feet high.
Keywords: colourful, architecture, street scene, fortifications, defence, cannons, picturesque, historic

PMR248-05
Republic of San Marino (population ca. 32,000): policewoman holding up the traffic for pedestrians coming out of the San Francisco Gate.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, tourism, defence

PMR248-04
Republic of San Marino (population ca. 32,000): Ristorante Titano and a typical steep, narrow street.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, tourism, defence

PMR248-03
Republic of San Marino (population ca. 32,000): the castellated Town Hall and Statue of Liberty, with the Righi restaurant in the foreground.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, tourism, defence

PMR248-01
Republic of San Marino (population ca. 32,000): view of the entrance to the Guaita Fortress, with the castellated Town Hall, and hills to the west.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, tourism, defence

PMR237-11
Romania, Transylvania: Bran Castle, traditional home of Bram Stoker's Count Dracula stories, was built in 1377 to command the trade route and now contains an extensive museum.
Keywords: fortifications, defence, mediaeval, architecture, rustical, rural, landscape, countryside, picturesque, vampires, Vlad the Impaler

PMR237-08
Romania, Moldavia, Sihastria Hermitage, with frescoed entrance arch. Like Neamt and Secu Monasteries, it lies in the Secu Valley.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR237-07
Romania, Moldavia, Secu Monastery: the white-painted church, with wellhouse in the right foreground. The monastery has a very valuable treasury, dating from 1602.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR237-06
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania. Here: the imposing entrance and Pirgul Belltower.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR237-05
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania. Here: the Baptistry, outside the main gate.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR237-04
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania. Here: a young Orthodox monk.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR237-02
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR237-01
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania. Here: three young novitiates.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR236-12
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania. Here: a sounding iron, beaten rythmically to call to prayers.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR236-11
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania. A 2-storey wing containing the monks' cells.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR236-10
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania. Here: the Pirgul Belltower, the oldest surviving building.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque, oxen cart

PMR236-09
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt Monastery: the church in the grounds was built by Stephen the Great in 1497 on the site of an older one. A repository for learning for centuries, with a valuable library, printing shop, museum and hundreds of sheep and cattle. The largest and oldest monastery in Romania.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR235-04
Romania, Moldavia, Sucevita: the monastery church from the entry gate. Founded by the Movila Brothers and built in 1582-4, it was the last of the "painted monasteries" to be completed. The fresco "Ladder of the Virtues" on the north wall of the church, is one of the most highly regarded.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR235-03
Romania, Moldavia, Sucevita: the monastery well, showing the grounds and massive ring wall, 6 metres high and 3 metres thick, with octagonal towers on each corner. Founded by the Movila Brothers and built in 1582-4, it was the last of the "painted monasteries" to be completed.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR235-02
Romania, Moldavia, Sucevita: the monastery church. Founded by the Movila Brothers and built in 1582-4, it was the last of the "painted monasteries" to be completed. Figures of saints and apostles on the east apse.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR235-01
Romania, Moldavia, Sucevita: the monastery church with built-on vestibule. Founded by the Movila Brothers and built in 1582-4, it was the last of the "painted monasteries" to be completed. View of the living quarters, ring wall and defence tower, from the vestibule.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR234-12
Romania, Moldavia, Sucevita: the monastery church with built-on vestibule. Founded by the Movila Brothers and built in 1582-4, it was the last of the "painted monasteries" to be completed.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, picturesque

PMR234-09
Romania, Moldavia, Vatra Moldovitei: the frescoed church of Moldovita Monastery: frescoes on the south wall: "the tree of Esau", and, left, the Persian siege of Constantinople.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, countryside, picturesque

PMR234-08
Romania, Moldavia, Vatra Moldovitei: bust of Petru Rares, who founded Mondovita Monastery in 1532, with the entrance to the museum in the background.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, countryside, farmland, picturesque, statue, monument, sculpture

PMR234-07
Romania, Moldavia, Vatra Moldovitei: the frescoed church of Moldovita Monastery, showing the vestibule and a nun rythmically striking a plank with a hammer, as the call to prayers.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, countryside, picturesque

PMR234-06
Romania, Moldavia, Vatra Moldovitei: the frescoed church of Moldovita Monastery, showing the defensive ring-wall and gate house.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, landscape, countryside, farmland, picturesque

PMR232-10
Romania, Alba, Aiud: fortified church or citadel dating from 14th-16th centuries, which provided protection for the townspeople in times of danger.
Keywords: fortifications, defence, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, picturesque

PMR222-01
Austria, Tyrol, Kufstein: view of the town and fortress with the Kaiser mountains in the background, with autumn foliage in the foreground.
Keywords: alpine, picturesque, Alps, historic, culture, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, defence, fortifications, border-town

PMR221-12
Austria, Tyrol, Kufstein: Auracher Löchl, showing the arched bridge with frescoes.
Keywords: alpine, picturesque, Alps, historic, culture, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, defence, fortifications, border-town

PMR221-11
Austria, Tyrol, Kufstein: Auracher Löchl, a picturesque corner of old Kufstein.
Keywords: alpine, picturesque, Alps, historic, culture, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, defence, fortifications, border-town

PMR221-10
Austria, Tyrol, Kufstein: the fortress yard and "Peacock Gate", overlooked by the Emperor's Tower.
Keywords: alpine, picturesque, Alps, historic, culture, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, defence, fortifications, border-town

PMR221-09
Austria, Tyrol, Kufstein: the Kaiserturm (Emperor's Tower), central strongpoint of the fortress, built in 1522.
Keywords: alpine, picturesque, Alps, historic, culture, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, defence, fortifications, border-town

PMR221-08
Austria, Tyrol, Kufstein: casemates of the fortress, and view along the Inn valley towards Innsbruck.
Keywords: alpine, picturesque, Alps, historic, culture, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, defence, fortifications, border-town

PMR221-07
Austria, Tyrol, Kufstein: view of the river, the railway station, and part of the town, from the fortress.
Keywords: alpine, picturesque, Alps, historic, culture, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, defence, fortifications, border-town

PMR221-06
Austria, Tyrol, Kufstein: River Inn promenade with the fortress in the background.
Keywords: alpine, picturesque, Alps, historic, culture, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, defence, fortifications, border-town

PMR210-07
Israel, Jerusalem: the magnificent Dome of the Rock, built on the site of the third Jewish temple by Kalif Abd el-Malik between 687 and 691 AD, remains basically as it was built. The cladding is marble below and Persian faience tiles above. Chapel of Ascension (under restoration) in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Muslim, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque, architecture, colourful, perfection

PMR210-06
Israel, Jerusalem: El-Aqsa Mosque shares the temple hill with the Dome of the Rock. Its 7 aisles can accommodate 5000 worshippers. It was built between 705 and 715 AD by Kalid Al-Walid, but rebuilt in 1035 after an earthquake.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR210-05
Israel, Jerusalem: fountain for ablutions before entering the Dome of the Rock.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque, mosque

PMR210-03
Israel, Jerusalem: entrance to the holy ground on which the Dome of the Rock is built, is through this arched portal.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque, mosque

PMR210-02
Israel, Jerusalem: the magnificent Dome of the Rock, built on the site of the third Jewish temple by Kalif Abd el-Malik between 687 and 691 AD, remains basically as it was built. The cladding is marble below and Persian faience tiles above.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Muslim, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque, architecture, colourful, perfection, mosque

PMR210-01
Israel, Jerusalem: the magnificent Dome of the Rock, built on the site of the third Jewish temple by Kalif Abd el-Malik between 687 and 691 AD, remains basically as it was built. The cladding is marble below and Persian faience tiles above.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Muslim, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque, architecture, colourful, perfection, mosque

PMR209-12
Israel, Jerusalem: the Western (Wailing) Wall in late afternoon with the Mount of Olives in the background. Men approach the wall on the left, women on the right.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR209-11
Israel, Jerusalem: the Damascus Gate, the main entrance to the old city from the north-west.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR209-10
Israel, Jerusalem: view of the Mount of Olives and Dome of the Rock, from the tower of the Church of the Redeemer.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR209-08
Israel, Herodion: a hilltop fortress near Bethlehem built by Herod the Great in 39 BC as a retreat and mausoleum. View from a distance - the excavations are hidden in the concave hilltop.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, fortifications, defence, picturesque, archeology, ruin, excavations

PMR209-06
Israel, Herodion: a hilltop fortress near Bethlehem built by Herod the Great in 39 BC as a retreat and mausoleum. View of the Hills of Judea from the top, with many newly planted olive trees in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, fortifications, defence, picturesque, archeology, ruin, excavations, landscape

PMR209-04
Israel, Herodion: a hilltop fortress near Bethlehem built by Herod the Great in 39 BC as a retreat and mausoleum. In the foreground is the Great Hall of the palace, with the baths complex behind.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, fortifications, defence, picturesque, archeology, ruin, excavations

PMR208-08
Israel, Jerusalem: the windmill, built (1857) by, and dedicated to, Sir Moses Montefiore, a benefactor of the city and founder of the Yemin Moshe quarter.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR208-07
Israel, Jerusalem: Mount Zion and the Church of the Dormition outside the walls of the old city, seen from Yemin Moshe.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR208-06
Israel, Jerusalem: the Church of All Nations and the Russian Church of Mary Magdalene, built in 1888 for Tsar Alexander III. In the foreground is Qidron Valley.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR208-04
Israel, Jerusalem: thousand-year-old olive trees in the Garden of Gethsemane are said to be seedlings of the trees which grew there in Christ's time.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR208-01
Israel, Jerusalem: newly completed (1985) housing on Mount Scopus, overlooking the old city.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-12
Israel, Jerusalem: Church of the Assumption, by the Garden of Gethsemane. The Virgin Mary lies buried 20 metres below the church.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-10
Israel, Jerusalem: Jewish graves on the Mount of Olives, a much sought-after site: according to Jewish belief the resurrection will start here.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-09
Israel, Jerusalem: a camel with owner on the Mount of Olives, with the old city, Dome of the Rock and El Aqsa Mosque in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-08
Israel, Jerusalem: view of the old city with surrounding wall, from the Mount of Olives, with a Jewish graveyard in the foreground and Mount Zion at top left.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-07
Israel, Jerusalem: Russian-Orthodox entry arch (1869) to the Muristan (old city). The silver dome belongs to the tiny Church of St. John the Baptist, the oldest church in the city.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-06
Israel, Jerusalem: bazaar in the Muristan (old city), with the belltower of the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, dedicated by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1898.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-05
Israel, Jerusalem: family grave of Herod the Great. Herod himself was buried in Herodion however.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-04
Israel, Jerusalem: Zion Gate, still scarred from the fighting around the Jewish quarter in 1948.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-03
Israel, Jerusalem: view inside the Citadel, originally a palace of Herod the Great; later the palace of Pontius Pilate, garrison of the Roman X Legion, etc.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-02
Israel, Jerusalem: the city wall on the west side, with the Citadel and David's Tower, Present-day city wall and gates were built by Suleiman the Magnificent in 1537-41.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR207-01
Israel, Jerusalem: Church of the Dormition (built 1898) on Mount Zion marks the spot where the Virgin Mary died. A Christian graveyard in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-10
Israel, Jerusalem: the Western (Wailing) Wall, with the Dome of the Rock behind, and Israeli flags in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-09
Israel, Jerusalem: Jews, mostly schoolchildren, assembling in the square before the Western (Wailing) Wall, on the evening before the Sabbath.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-08
Israel, Jerusalem: Jaffa Gate, the main entrance to the city.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-07
Israel, Jerusalem: Israeli schoolgirls on the way to the Western Wall on the Sabath evening, singing patriotic songs. All dressed in blue and white.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-06
Israel, Jerusalem: soukh in the old city, with brassware stall.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-05
Israel, Jerusalem: Muslim graveyard outside the city wall on the north-east side, seen from the ramparts.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-04
Israel, Jerusalem: view of the Christian quarter and Dome of the Rock from the ramparts above the New Gate.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-03
Israel, Jerusalem: City Wall from the ramparts, looking south, past the Jaffa Gate; Mount Zion in the distance.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-02
Israel, Jerusalem: City Wall Promenade: view from the ramparts near the Jaffa Gate.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR206-01
Israel, Jerusalem: approaching the city, with the fortified walls and the Dome of the Rock already visible.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque

PMR205-02
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Northern Palace of Herod the Great: the circular middle terrace as seen from the upper terrace. A Roman siege camp site is visible in the background.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR205-01
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Northern Palace of Herod the Great: part of a row of columns on the lower terrace.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-12
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. View from the lookout tower: stone quarry in the foreground, storerooms on the left, and the Dead Sea in the background.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-11
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. The synagogue, from Herod's time, the oldest synagogue so far discovered.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-10
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Earth Ramp built by the Romans prior to storming the fortress. The site of the Roman siege camps (X Legion) are clearly to be seen.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-09
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Washroom for visitors to the Western Palace of Herod. In the background: the swimming pool and a smaller royal residence.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-08
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Pathway leading up to the Western Gate from Wadi Masada.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-07
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Herodian swimming pool with steps leading down. Formerly lined with waterproof mortar. Everything above the black line has been reconstructed, below it is original.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-06
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Columbarium, a round Herodian building with niches for the deposit of ashes of non-Jewish members of the garrison.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-05
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. A casemate in the curtain wall on the edge of a sheer drop; built by Herod the Great but later used as a dwelling by Byzantines and Jews.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR204-04
Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. View of the snake path, cable car and car park, with the Dead Sea in the background. On the left, site of one of the Roman siege camps.
Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable

PMR-D3545
People's Republic of China, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou: restored city wall with statue of one of the builders of the Kaiser Canal.
Keywords: architecture, Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, classical, defence, fortification, monument, sculpture

PMR-D3544
People's Republic of China, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou: restored city wall with gateway to the canal quayside.
Keywords: architecture, Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, classical, defence, fortification

PMR-D3494
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Kehrwiederturm ("Return-again-tower"), dating from the 15th century, is the sole remaining tower of the original town's defences.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3493
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim: the Kehrwiederturm ("Return-again-tower"), dating from the 15th century, is the sole remaining tower of the original town's defences.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, timber-frame, half-timbered, lathe and plaster

PMR-D3353
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the impregnable Königstein Fortress (361 metres), seen from a harvested cornfield near the Pfaffenstein.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3352
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the impregnable Königstein Fortress (361 metres) towers over the surrounding landscape.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3330
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): model of the Königstein Fortress with the ca. 50 buildings within its walls.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3329
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the mighty Neues Zeughaus (New Armoury) (1816) through which a ramp leads from the entrance gate into the courtyard.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, defence, fortifications, historic, architecture, Baroque

PMR-D3328
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): outer and inner entrance gates (with ramp through the New Armoury Building) to the impregnable Königstein Fortress.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, defence, fortifications, historic, architecture, Baroque

PMR-D3327
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): erected by Elector Johann Georg I in 1621-2 the fortified Magdalenenburg in the Königstein Fortress provided living quarters for the court in the 2 upper storeys while the ground floor housed the provision store, below which was the wine cellar. On the right the clocktower (1901) with two bells.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3326
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the Neues Zeughaus (New Armoury) (1816) within the walls of the impregnable Königstein Fortress.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3325
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): a row of historic bronze cannons on the walls of Königstein Fortress, with the royal arms carved in stone on the corner.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3324
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): outer and inner entrance gates (with ramp) to the impregnable Königstein Fortress
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, defence, fortifications, historic, architecture, Baroque

PMR-D3323
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): a row of historic bronze cannons on the walls of Königstein Fortress.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3322
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the Baroque Friedrichsburg on the walls of the Königstein Fortress enjoyed panoramic views. Originally built in 1589, it was converted to Baroque in 1731, with the lower storey used to store armaments and the upper storey as a barqueting room. View of the River Elbe towards Rathen.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic, architecture

PMR-D3321
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the Baroque Friedrichsburg on the walls of the Königstein Fortress enjoyed panoramic views. Originally built in 1589, it was converted to Baroque in 1731, with the lower storey used to store armaments and the upper storey as a barqueting room.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic, architecture

PMR-D3320
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): view from the walls of the Königstein Fortress, 240 metres above the River Elbe, with one of the ornamental stone urns in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic, panorama, woods

PMR-D3319
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the Baroque Friedrichsburg on the walls of the Königstein Fortress enjoyed panoramic views. Originally built in 1589, it was converted to Baroque in 1731, with the lower storey used to store armaments and the upper storey as a barqueting room. Cannon in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic, architecture

PMR-D3318
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the Baroque Friedrichsburg on the walls of the Königstein Fortress enjoyed panoramic views. Originally built in 1589, it was converted to Baroque in 1731, with the lower storey used to store armaments and the upper storey as a barqueting room.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic, architecture

PMR-D3317
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): one of the historic cannons on the walls of Königstein Fortress, with the Lilienstein massif on the horizon.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3314
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): River Elbe and Königstein from the precipitous fortress walls.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic, panorama

PMR-D3313
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): one of the historic cannons on the walls of Königstein Fortress.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3312
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): castellated walls of the Königstein Fortress with a view of the surrounding countryside.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3311
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): defence towers on the precipitous walls of the Königstein Fortress with a view of the surrounding countryside.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3310
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): some of the 50 buildings on the Königstein, enclosed within the fortress walls.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3309
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): defence tower on the Königstein Fortress with a view of the surrounding countryside.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3308
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): defence tower on the Königstein Fortress with a view of the surrounding countryside.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3307
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): the impregnable Königstein Fortress towering above the eponymous resort.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, defence, fortifications, historic

PMR-D3303
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): part of the mediaeval fortress which existed in the Bastei from the early 13th century until 1469, now made accessible to visitors, showing its impregnable position on top of the vertical sandstone cliffs.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, nature, landscape, historic, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3300
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): part of the mediaeval fortress which existed in the Bastei from the early 13th century until 1469, now made accessible to visitors, showing a contemporary rock-hurling catapult (reconstruction).
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, nature, landscape, historic, defence, fortifications, siege machine

PMR-D3298
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): part of the mediaeval fortress which existed in the Bastei from the early 13th century until 1469, now made accessible to visitors, showing the large covered water cistern, lower right.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, nature, landscape, historic, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3297
Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): part of the mediaeval fortress which existed in the Bastei from the early 13th century until 1469, now made accessible to visitors, showing the spectacular sandstone rock formations.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, outcrops, rock formations, fantastic, geology, geological, faults , erosion, nature, landscape, historic, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3283
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels. View of the Upper (Old) Castle and its rock foundation.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3282
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels. View of the Upper Castle.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3281
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels. Upper Courtyard with Keep in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3280
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels. Lower Gate and Bergfried (Keep).
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3279
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels. View over the rooftops of the town, with church tower in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3278
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels. View of the Lower (New) Castle over the rooftops of the town.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3277
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels. View of the Lower (New) Castle over the rooftops of the town.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3276
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels. View from the valley.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3273
Germany, Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz), Hohnstein: Burg Hohnstein (Castle) dates back to the 12th century and has been held alternately by Bohemian and Saxon nobility whilst being constantly expanded. It now houses one of the largest youth hostels.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, Baroque, Saxon Switzerland, defence, fortifications

PMR-D3029
Cyprus, Paphos: Paphos Castle dates back to Byzantine times, but has been rebuilt several times, lastly by the Turks.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, Aphrodite's birthplace, picturesque, historic, landscape, fortifications, defence

PMR-D3028
Cyprus, Paphos: Paphos Castle dates back to Byzantine times, but has been rebuilt several times, lastly by the Turks.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, Aphrodite's birthplace, picturesque, historic, landscape, fortifications, defence

PMR-D1388
People's Republic of China, Tibet: dating from 1268, Sakya Monastery is surrounded by high defence walls with towers at each corner. Sakya was the capital of Tibet from 1268 to 1354, thanks to an alliance with the Mongol Khans. View of the northern monastery buildings, largely reduced to ruins during the Cultural Revolution, hitherto one of the largest monasteries in Tibet.
Keywords: architecture, religion, colourful, Asian, Buddhist, temples, picturesque, historical, heritage

PMR-D1387
People's Republic of China, Tibet: dating from 1268, Sakya Monastery is surrounded by high defence walls with towers at each corner. Sakya was the capital of Tibet from 1268 to 1354, thanks to an alliance with the Mongol Khans. View of the outer courtyard from the high defence walls.
Keywords: architecture, religion, colourful, Asian, Buddhist, temples, picturesque, historical, heritage

PMR-D1386
People's Republic of China, Tibet: dating from 1268, Sakya Monastery is surrounded by high defence walls with towers at each corner. Sakya was the capital of Tibet from 1268 to 1354, thanks to an alliance with the Mongol Khans. View of the colourfully decorated inner courtyard with well.
Keywords: architecture, heritage, historical, picturesque, temples, Buddhist, Asian, colourful, religion

PMR-D1385
People's Republic of China, Tibet: dating from 1268, Sakya Monastery is surrounded by high defence walls with towers at each corner. Sakya was the capital of Tibet from 1268 to 1354, thanks to an alliance with the Mongol Khans. This building is painted in the traditional Sakya colours - ash grey, with red and white vertical lines.
Keywords: architecture, religion, colourful, Asian, Buddhist, temples, picturesque, historical, heritage

PMR-D1384
People's Republic of China, Tibet: dating from 1268, Sakya Monastery is surrounded by high defence walls with towers at each corner. Sakya was the capital of Tibet from 1268 to 1354, thanks to an alliance with the Mongol Khans. View of the outer courtyard with incense burner.
Keywords: architecture, religion, colourful, Asian, Buddhist, temples, picturesque, historical, heritage

PMR186-12
Hungary, Esztergom: the ancient fortress shares its hill with the basilica. The remaining part of the town wall in the foreground has been repaired with a variety of different materials.
Keywords: picturesque, architecture, culture, historic , heritage, defence, fortifications

PMR181-03
Germany, Baden Wurttemberg, Michelstadt in the Oden Forest: part of the old town wall and a defence tower, with footbridge over the moat.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, architecture, traditional, Odenwald, fortifications

PMR169-02
U.S.A., California, San Francisco: Golden Gate Suspension Bridge, opened in 1937, until 1964 the longest suspension bridge in the world. View inside the 19th century fort, built to deter the English from entering San Francisco Bay.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, heritage, picturesque, historical, culture, coastal city, engineering, link, artery, defence, fortifications

PMR153-05
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Munich: Oktoberfest Costume Procession: Veteran member of the Bavarian Mountain Defence Brigade.
Keywords: colourful, beer festival, München, traditional, dirndl, uniform, national dress, regional dress, lederhosen, ceremonial

PMR148-09
Romania, Transylvania, Sighisoara (Schassburg): a living museum-town of the middle ages: fortifications around the outer main gate to the old town.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, historical, heritage, mediaeval, UNESCO, defence, fortifications, Saxons, Schäßburg, Siebenburgen, cobblestones

PMR148-02
Romania, Transylvania, Sighisoara (Schassburg): a living museum-town of the middle ages: a street in the old town, approaching the massive 12th-century fortified citadel.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, historical, heritage, mediaeval, UNESCO, defence, fortifications, Saxons, Schäßburg

PMR-D2610
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. Part of the imposing defence fortifications which still survives.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2214
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: admministrative wing of the 14-15th century Heilig Geist Spital, now an old people's home, with reflections in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR-D2218
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the Kreuzigung Hof (Crucifixion Court) in the 14-15th century Heilig Geist Spital, now an old people's home, takes its name from the crucifixion sculpture on the far wall.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR-D2217
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: admministrative wing of the 14-15th century Heilig Geist Spital, now an old people's home, with reflections in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR-D2216
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: admministrative wing of the 14-15th century Heilig Geist Spital, now an old people's home, with reflections in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR-D1999
Northumberland: Warkworth Castle - fortified entry tower and moat.
Keywords: architecture, defence, fortifications, conservation, preservation, estate, ancestral home, park, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage

PMR-D1998
Northumberland: Warkworth Castle.
Keywords: architecture, defence, fortifications, conservation, preservation, estate, ancestral home, park, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage

PMR-D1994
Northumberland: Warkworth Castle (12th century).
Keywords: architecture, defence, fortifications, conservation, preservation, estate, ancestral home, park, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage

PMR-D1993
England, Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1992
England, Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall, built in the 2nd century AD, at one of the crossing points.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1991
Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1990
Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1989
England, Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1988
England, Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1987
England, Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall, built in the 2nd century AD. Crag Lough in the background.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1986
England, Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1985
Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1984
Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1983
Northumberland: ruins of Roman Housesteads Fort (NT)(AD 122) - granary floor supports.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1982
England, Northumberland: ruins of Roman Housesteads Fort
(National Trust), founded about 122 AD and one of 16 forts adjoining Hadrian's Wall.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1981
Northumberland: Hadrian's Wall at Housesteads Fort (NT).
Keywords: architecture, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage

PMR-D1980
Northumberland: ruins of Roman Housesteads Fort (AD 122) (NT) - the latrines.
Keywords: architecture, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage

PMR147K-25
Germany, Bavaria, Upper Franconia, Bamberg: a cobbled street and a timber-framed house in the old town, with two of the cathedral towers in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, Franconia, fortifications, defence, cobblestones, national heritage, mediaeval, historical

PMR147K-19
Germany, Bavaria, Freystadt: the ObererTor (Upper Gate) survives, but the rest of the mediaeval town wall has gone.
Keywords: picturesque, historical, mediaeval, national heritage, defence, fortifications, Franconia

PMR147K-16
Germany, Bavaria, Hilpoltstein: the surviving doorway to the castle, with mediaeval stone carvings.
Keywords: picturesque, historical, mediaeval, national heritage, cobblestones, defence, fortifications, Franconia

PMR147K-14
Germany, Bavaria, Hilpoltstein: 22-metre-high tower (keep) of the mediaeval castle, dating from the 13th century.
Keywords: picturesque, historical, mediaeval, national heritage, defence, fortifications, Franconia

PMR487-04
Island of Crete, Iraklion: fishing boats in the harbour with the Venetian fortress in the background.
Keywords: mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, reflections, defence, fortifications

PMR485-02
Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Lubeck: Holstentor Square, with the towers of the Marienkirche and Petrikirche and the old, brick, salt warehouses.
Keywords: mediaeval, red brick, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR485-01
Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Lubeck: Holstentor, with its famous twin towers, was built between 1464 and 1478, and now houses the local history museum. Roses in the foreground.
Keywords: mediaeval, red brick, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR484-04
Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Lubeck: Burgtor, a fortified gateway built during the 13th to 15th centuries to defend the north entrance to the town.
Keywords: mediaeval, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR483-10
Germany, Bavarian Forest: radar installations near the summit of the Grosser Arber (1456 metres).
Keywords: alpine, hills, defence, alpine scenery, picturesque, countryside, nature, hiking, trekking, outdoor life

PMR483-04
Germany, Bavaria, Regen, in the Bavarian Forest: the 13th century tower of St. Michael's parish church, fortified for defence purposes.
Keywords: picturesque, mediaeval, historical, national heritage

PMR477-11
Germany, Bavaria, Straubing: a high fortified wall surrounds the Basilica of St. Peter and its graveyard.
Keywords: historical, fortifications, defence, national heritage, mediaeval

PMR469-10
Romania. Transylvania, Sighisoara: the massive tower of the citadel, last rebuilt in 1676 after a fire, with clock, carillon and fading frescoes, is designed to withstand the toughest of sieges.
Keywords: mediaeval, Schaessburg, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Saxon Land

PMR469-09
Romania. Transylvania, Sighisoara: one of the narrow, cobbled alleys in the old quarter, showing the thickness of some of the house walls.
Keywords: mediaeval, Schaessburg, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Saxon Land

PMR469-08
Romania. Transylvania, Sighisoara: a pictureque row of mediaeval houses in the old quaerter on the hill.
Keywords: mediaeval, cobblestones, colourful, Schaessburg, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Saxon Land

PMR469-07
Romania. Transylvania, Sighisoara: one of 16 defence towers, each of which was maintained and manned by one of the guilds during the middle-ages.
Keywords: mediaeval, Saxon Land, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, Siebenbürgen, Schaessburg

PMR469-06
Romania. Transylvania, Sighisoara: view of the fortress tower, 64 metres high, built in the 14th century, from one of the bastions.
Keywords: mediaeval, Saxon Land, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, Siebenbürgen, Schaessburg

PMR469-05
Romania. Transylvania: a typical fortified church with gate tower near Brateiu.
Keywords: mediaeval, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Hermannstadt, Saxon Land

PMR469-04
Romania. Transylvania, Medias: view of the town square, with the spire of the Gothic church prominent. The church is protected by a fortified wall with gate tower.
Keywords: mediaeval, fortifications, defence, Saxon Land, national heritage, picturesque, Siebenbürgen, Mediasch

PMR468-12
Romania. Transylvania, Sibiu: a section of the town wall and bastion, showing the wooden gallery for defenders.
Keywords: mediaeval, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Hermannstadt, Saxon Land

PMR468-06
Romania. Transylvania, Sibiu: Strada Morilor with a remaining section of the fortified town wall and defence tower.
Keywords: mediaeval, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Hermannstadt, Saxon Land

PMR468-05
Romania. Transylvania, Sibiu: the high town walls protected the inhabitants from attacks by Turk and Tatar for 800 years.
Keywords: mediaeval, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Hermannstadt, Saxon Land

PMR464-02
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt: the mighty entrance gate and Pigul Belltower of Romania's largest and oldest monastery (Manastirea Neamt), which dates back to the 14th century, but was rebuilt by Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great) in 1497. These fortifications withstood countless attacks over the centuries and offered refuge for the local population.
Keywords: mediaeval, defence, fortifications, fortified, Christian, Orthodox, architecture

PMR464-01
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt: view inside the compound of Romania's largest and oldest monastery (Manastirea Neamt), which dates back to the 14th century, but was rebuilt by Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great) in 1497. Approximately 60 monks live in the rooms off the gallery.
Keywords: mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, fortified, fortifications, defence

PMR463-12
Romania, Moldavia, Neamt: the monastery church of Romania's largest and oldest monastery (Manastirea Neamt), dates back to the 14th century, but was rebuilt by Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great) in 1497.
Keywords: mediaeval, defence, fortifications, fortified, Christian, Orthodox, architecture

PMR463-04
Romania, Southern Bucovina, Humor: a solitary defence tower is all that remains of the monastery's fortifications; in the background is the new Orthodox church.
Keywords: frescoes, Christian, Orthodox, architecture, mediaeval, painted monastery, colourful, defence

PMR461-12
Romania, Southern Bucovina, Putna: the monastery church, founded in 1466-70 by Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great), with one of the defence towers in the background.
Keywords: frescoes, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, fortifications

PMR461-09
Romania, Southern Bucovina, Sucevita: view of the fortified monastery compound with the church in the centre, surrounded by the Carpathian hills. The largest and finest of the Bucovina monasteries and last to be built.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian

PMR461-08
Romania, Southern Bucovina, Sucevita: view of the fortified monastery compound with the church in the centre, surrounded by the Carpathian hills. The largest and finest of the Bucovina monasteries and last to be built.
Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian

PMR461-07
Romania, Southern Bucovina, Sucevita: view of the fortifications from inside the monastery walls.
Keywords: frescoes, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian

PMR461-03
Romania, Southern Bucovina, Sucevita: defensive walls and corner bastions of Sucevita Monastery.
Keywords: countryside, green hills, scenery, rustical, mediaeval, fortifications, defence

PMR515-09
Italy, Campania, Island of Procida: semi-ruined Castello on Terra Murata, with Cape Miseno on the mainland in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, ruin, defence, fortifications, fortress, Flegrean Islands

PMR515-04
Italy, Campania, Island of Procida: the harbour at Corricella from the quayside, with the Castello in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, Flegrean Islands, defence, fortifications, fortress, fishing boats

PMR515-03
Italy, Campania, Island of Procida: the harbour at Corricella from the quayside, with the Castello in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, Flegrean Islands, defence, fortifications, fortress, fishing boats

PMR513-01
Italy, Lombardy, Milan: main courtyard and circular defence tower of Castello Sforzesco, built under Galeazzo Visconti in 1386.
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, historic, culture, metropolis, mediaeval

PMR502-08
Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View from the east with palm tree and Giant Fennel (Ferula communis) in the foreground.
Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne

PMR502-07
Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View from the east; the ancient harbour was to the left of the picture.
Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne

PMR502-06
Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View of the south-east bastion with the ancient harbour in the foreground.
Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne

PMR502-02
Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View of the interior with colourful Crown Marigolds (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and Corn Poppies (Papaver rhoeas) in the foreground.
Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne, Mediterranean flora, spring flowers

PMR502-01
Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View of the interior with palm tree in the foreground.
Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne

PMR501-10
Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View of the interior, with the chapel of St. George just visible below the flag.
Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations

PMR501-09
Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. Here: roof of the Byzantine chapel of St. George, squeezed between the Byzantine bastion and the newer Venetian bastion of the castle.
Keywords: fortress, crenellations, fortified castle, fort

PMR500-12
Cyprus (North), Lefkosa/ North Nicosia: Kyrenia Gate, showing part of the adjoining city wall, broken through for the modern road.
Keywords: Lefkosa, fortifications, defences

PMR496-08
Island of Crete, Rethimnon: inside the enormous Venetian fortress; in the foreground is the roof of a storeroom which is in the process of restoration.
Keywords: national heritage, castle, historic, archeological, archeology, fortifications, defence

PMR496-07
Island of Crete, Aptera: the old Turkish fortress commands the passage of all shipping into and out of Soudha port.
Keywords: national heritage, vantage point, castle, fortifications, defence, historic

PMR496-06
Island of Crete, Aptera: view across Soudha Bay to Akrotiri with currently used fortress in the foreground, and the heavily defended island of Nea Soudha.
Keywords: national heritage, fortifications, defence, landscape, coastline

PMR493-05
Island of Crete, Rethimnon: view of the town and fortress from the new road.
Keywords: architecture, ship, harbour , community, traditional houses, defence

PMR492-01
Island of Santorini, Perissa: larger Orthodox church with blue domes and handsome belltower; behind, Mount Profitis Ilias with monastery and defence installations.
Keywords: photogenic, hilltop site, colourful, picturesque

PMR458-10
Austria, Dürnstein in the Wachau: vineyards below the town, overlooked by the ruins of the castle where Richard the Lionheart was allegedly imprisoned until discovered by his faithful servant, Blondel.
Keywords: mediaeval, countryside, rustical, defence, fortifications, national heritage, picturesque

PMR458-07
Austria, Dürnstein in the Wachau: houses built against the steep, rocky mountainside, overlooked by the remains of the old town fortifications.
Keywords: mediaeval, defence, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR457-11
Slovakia, Bratislava: Bratislava Fortress (Hrad), visible for miles around, was destroyed in a fire in 1811, rebuilt from 1953. The first fortress on this site was built by the Slavs in the 9th century. Known locally as "the bedstead".
Keywords: mediaeval, capital city, Pressburg, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR454-12
Austria, Salzkammergut, Radstadt: one of the towers of the 13th century ramparts which are still largely intact.
Keywords: alpine, Alps, alpine scenery, picturesque, countryside, autumn colours, defence, fortifications

PMR453-04
Poland, Stargard: the oldest town gate is the Brama Pyrzycka from the end of the 13th century.
Keywords: mediaeval, historic, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR453-03
Poland, Stargard: towers belonging to the town's fortifications built in the late 15th century, now used as a museum.
Keywords: mediaeval, historic, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR450-06
Estonia, Narva: the tower "Langer Hermann" in Hermann's Fortress stands eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russian fortress Ivangorod, on the opposite side of the River Narva. It now houses a number of museums.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, fortifications, defence

PMR450-05
Estonia, Narva: the Russian fortress Ivangorod from the walls of Hermann's Fortress with historic mortar in the foreground.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, fortifications, defence

PMR450-04
Estonia, Narva: the Russian fortress Ivangorod from the bank of the River Narva.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, fortifications, defence

PMR450-03
Estonia, Narva: the Russian fortress Ivangorod from the walls of Hermann's Fortress.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, fortifications, defence

PMR450-02
Estonia, Narva: the tower "Langer Hermann" in Hermann's Fortress stands eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russian fortress Ivangorod, on the opposite side of the River Narva. It now houses a number of museums.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, fortifications, defence

PMR449-03
Estonia, Tallinn: a terrace of houses on Kooli (Street) overlooked by the defence tower called "Loewenschede".
Keywords: city, mediaeval, national heritage, historic, picturesque, capital city, metropolis, architecture

PMR448-11
Estonia, Tallinn: four of the remaining defence towers on the town wall. In the 17th century there were 50 such towers and each had a name.
Keywords: city, fortifications, mediaeval, national heritage, historic, picturesque, capital city, metropolis, architecture

PMR448-10
Estonia, Tallinn: town wall with defence towers and wooden gallery.
Keywords: city, fortifications, architecture, metropolis, capital city, picturesque, historic, national heritage, mediaeval

PMR446-07
Lithuania, Trakai: one of the mighty corner-towers of the castle, from the wooden bridge.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, mediaeval, defence, fortifications, red brick, architecture

PMR446-06
Lithuania, Trakai: view of the old, original walls and steps of the castle from the grassy moat.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, mediaeval, defence, fortifications, architecture

PMR446-05
Lithuania, Trakai: gatehouse tower of the castle reflected in the waters of Lake Galves.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, mediaeval, defence, fortifications, red brick, architecture

PMR446-04
Lithuania, Trakai: reflections of the castle through the trees on Lake Galves.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, mediaeval, defence, fortifications, red brick, architecture

PMR446-02
Lithuania, Trakai: the castle with wooden access bridge. Built in the 14th century as a refuge from the knights of the Teutonic Order.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, mediaeval, defence, fortifications, sailing boats, red brick, architecture

PMR446-01
Lithuania, Trakai: yachts on Lake Galves with the castle on its island in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, historic, mediaeval, defence, fortifications, sailing boats, red brick, architecture

PMR445-12
Poland, Ketrzyn: Hitler's "Wolfsschanze" ("Wolf's Redoubt") near the Russian border was to be his eastern HQ and consists of nearly 40 massive concrete bunkers which the Nazis attempted to blow up in the face of the Russian advance:
umber 2 mess bunker. In a similar bunker not far away Graf von Stauffenberg made his abortive attempt on Hitler's life with a bomb.
Keywords: defence, assassination attempt, Graf von Stauffenberg, Eastern Front, WWII, fortifications

PMR445-11
Poland, Ketrzyn: Hitler's "Wolfsschanze" ("Wolf's Redoubt") near the Russian border was to be his eastern HQ and consists of nearly 40 massive concrete bunkers which the Nazis attempted to blow up in the face of the Russian advance:
blown-out wall of Goering's personal bunker. Note the thickness of the roof.
Keywords: defence, assassination attempt, Graf von Stauffenberg, Eastern Front, WWII, fortifications

PMR445-10
Poland, Ketrzyn: Hitler's "Wolfsschanze" ("Wolf's Redoubt") near the Russian border was to be his eastern HQ and consists of nearly 40 massive concrete bunkers which the Nazis attempted to blow up in the face of the Russian advance:
Hitler's personal bunker had six entrances on the north side; the concrete roof was 8.5 metres thick. On top was an ant-aircraft gun post.
Keywords: defence, assassination attempt, Graf von Stauffenberg, Eastern Front, WWII, fortifications

PMR445-08
Poland, Ketrzyn: Hitler's "Wolfsschanze" ("Wolf's Redoubt") near the Russian border was to be his eastern HQ and consists of nearly 40 massive concrete bunkers which the Nazis attempted to blow up in the face of the Russian advance:
collapsed roof and twisted steel reinforcing bars with the encroaching forest.
Keywords: defence, assassination attempt, Graf von Stauffenberg, Eastern Front, WWII, fortifications

PMR435-09
Lithuania, Kaunas: Kaunas Castle, built in the late 13th century, was frequently besieged by the Crusaders and often changed sides.
Keywords: photogenic, historic, heritage, fortifications, defence, old quarter

PMR540-02
Slovenia, Bukovje: Predjama Castle, built into a system of natural caves in a 123-metre-high cliff, dates back to 1202, although the site has been occupied since prehistoric times. It was the refuge of the legendary15th century robber baron, Erazem of Predjama who held out for over a year under siege from Habsberg forces. It lies about 11 kilometres from Postojna.
Keywords: picturesque, mediaeval, national heritage, historic, architecture, defence, fortifications

PMR539-12
Slovakia, Kremnica: the 12-metre-high defence walls of the town, complete with bastions, were built in the early 14th century.
Keywords: architecture, fortifications, defence, Kremnitz, national heritage, picturesque, historic

PMR539-11
Slovakia, Kremnica: the Gothic church of St. Catherine with separate belltower and turreted clocktower with gallery, standing within the walls of the castle, which is the best preserved mediaeval castle in the area.
Keywords: architecture, historic, picturesque, national heritage, Kremnitz, mediaeval, defence, fortifications

PMR539-10
Slovakia, Kremnica: the Gothic church of St. Catherine with separate belltower and turreted clocktower with gallery, standing within the walls of the castle, which is the best preserved mediaeval castle in the area.
Keywords: architecture, historic, picturesque, national heritage, Kremnitz, mediaeval, defence, fortifications

PMR539-08
Slovakia, Zilina: Budatin Castle now houses the town's museum.
Keywords: defence, Sillein, historic, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications

PMR539-03
Slovakia, Zilina: entrance gate and former drawbridge of Strecno Castle which dates back to the early 14th century.
Keywords: defence, Sillein, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic, ruin

PMR539-02
Slovakia, Zilina: view of the River Vah from the ramparts of Strecno Castle, looking towards Zilina.
Keywords: defence, Sillein, fortifications, national heritage, mediaeval, historic, panorama

PMR539-01
Slovakia, Zilina: approach to Strecno Castle which dates back to the early 14th century.
Keywords: defence, Sillein, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic

PMR535-01
Syria, Palmyra: street scene with traffic island and fountain and fortress Qalaat ibn Maan in the background.
Keywords: Islam, fortifications, defence, metropolis, town, Muslim

PMR531-10
Iraq, Mosul: ruins of Bash-Tapia fortified palace and all that remains of the city wall facing the River Tigris.
Keywords: architecture, defence, Muslim, Islam, Mesopotamia, natural heritage, archeology, archeological

PMR530-08
Iraq, Fortress/palace of Al-Ukhaidar: standing alone in the western desert, 48 kilometres south-west of kerbela, little is known of the builders, although thought to date from the early 8th century AD. However it stands on an important desert trade route. The entire building has recently been extensively renovated.
One of the courtyards, surrounded by arcades.
Keywords: architecture, fortifications, defence, Muslim, Islam, natural heritage, Mesopotamia, picturesque, archeology, archeological

PMR530-07
Iraq, Fortress/palace of Al-Ukhaidar: standing alone in the western desert, 48 kilometres south-west of kerbela, little is known of the builders, although thought to date from the early 8th century AD. However it stands on an important desert trade route. The entire building has recently been extensively renovated.
Courtyard from the outer wall parapet; single storey buildings provide accommodation, the state rooms being at the rear.
Keywords: architecture, fortifications, defence, Muslim, Islam, natural heritage, Mesopotamia, picturesque, archeology, archeological

PMR530-06
Iraq, Fortress/palace of Al-Ukhaidar: standing alone in the western desert, 48 kilometres south-west of kerbela, little is known of the builders, although thought to date from the early 8th century AD. However it stands on an important desert trade route. The entire building has recently been extensively renovated.
View of the fortress/palace from the road.
Keywords: architecture, fortifications, defence, Muslim, Islam, natural heritage, Mesopotamia, picturesque, archeology, archeological

PMR522-08
Italy, Apulia, Gallipoli: part of the Castello, built at the end of the 15th century on Byzantine foundations, facing a modern tower-block.
Keywords: fishing boats, historic, mediaeval, defence, fortress, fortifications, architecture

PMR522-06
Italy, Apulia, Leuca: harbour at Morciano di Leuca with defence tower and diving launch.
Keywords: fishing boats, bastion, quay , jetty

PMR521-11
Italy, Sicily, Cefalu: Piazza Garibaldi, overlooked by the fortress on the Rocca di Cefalu.
Keywords: architecture, defence, fortifications, mediaeval, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage

PMR518-04
Italy, Sicily, Castiglione: this mediaeval town clusters around the Arab-Norman fortifications on the top of a hill, about 20 kilometres from Taormina.
Keywords: picturesque, defence, Sicilia, national heritage, historic, landscape, architecture

PMR517-01
Italy, Campania, Acciaroli: tower and church from the harbour. Hemingway spent 3 months here in 1953. The town lies inside the boundary of the Cilento National Park.
Keywords: picturesque, defence, fortifications, fishing boats

PMR516-04
Italy, Campania, Flegrean Fields (Campi Flegri): the Castle of Baia, from its strategic vantage point, commands the Gulf of Pozzuoli.
Keywords: landscape, picturesque, volcanic, defence, fortress, fortifications

PMR142K-24
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: cafe of the Handwerkerhof (artisans' market) next to Königstor, which has a wide range of hand-made goods on offer.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-23
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Frauentor Gate, one of 4 principal round towers, in the south-west, named for the adjoining Klara Nunnery.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-22
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: one of the fortified towers in the Frauentor wall on the south side of the city.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-21
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Frauentor outer and inner fortified walls with towers and Frauentorgraben (moat) on the south side of the city.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-20
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Frauentor, fortified south wall of the city with roofed defenders' gallery, towers and dry moat.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-19
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: outer and inner fortified walls with defence towers on the south side of the city, with colourful autumn trees.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-18
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Königstrasse, with the twin towers of the Church of St. Laurence (Lorenzkirche) in the background.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-17
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Nassauer Haus, one of the best-preserved examples of mediaeval tower houses.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-16
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the Schöner Brunnen (Beautiful Fountain) erected 1389-96 by Heinrich Beheim in the Market Place, showing some of the 40 stone figures adorning the 19-metre-high Gothic spire.
Keywords: Nürnberg, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, autumn colours, fortifications, defence

PMR142K-15
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the Gothic Schöner Brunnen (Beautiful Fountain), erected 1389-96 by Heinrich Beheim in the Market Place, with the twin spires of St. Sebald's cathedral behind, and shoppers in mediaeval dress.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-14
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the square "Beim Tiergärtner Tor" with the Kaiserburg (Imperial Castle) rising up in the background.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-13
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the restaurant "Zum Albrecht Dürer" in the square "Beim Tiergärtner Tor" overlooked by the Kaiserburg (Imperial Castle).
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-12
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Albrecht Dürer Haus, the timber-framed residence and workplace of Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528).
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-11
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the stone well in the square "Beim Tiergärtner Tor" surrounded by old timber-frame houses.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-10
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: gable and tower of the Palas (main building) in the Kaiserburg (Imperial Castle), with painted window shutters.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-09
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the half-timbered wellhouse in the forecourt of the Kaiserburg (Imperial Castle) , built in 1564, houses the Deep Well.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-08
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the Kaiserburg (Imperial Castle) with Sinwell Tower, on its sandstone outcrop, dominates the city in the north.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-07
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Sinwell Tower (15-16 th century) in the Kaiserburg (Imperial Castle), built on a sandstone outcrop.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-06
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the impressive Renaissance facade of the Fembohaus, now the home of the City Museum.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR142K-05
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Laufer Schlagturm ("Strike-Tower") dating from 1250, named for its striking clock.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-29
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Heilig-Geist-Spital (Holy Ghost Hospital), built 1332-39, reflected in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-28
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Sinwell Tower in the 13th century Kaiserburg (Imperial Castle).
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-27
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: figure of St. George and the dragon on the corner of a building in "Beim Tiergärtnertor" Square.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-26
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: tower of the Tiergärtnertor (gate) where the road tunnels under the fortifications.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-25
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: half-timbered buildings in "Beim Tiergärtnertor" Square with the Imperial Fortress towering in the background.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-24
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg cafe in "Beim Tiergärtnertor" Square, overlooked by a wooden defence gallery on the city wall.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-23
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: defence wall in the west of the city with dry moat and tower in the distance.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-22
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: city wall in the west with defence tower just visible through autumn foliage.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-21
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Hallertor was the main gate in the weat wall of the mediaeval city and spans the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-20
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: fortified city wall with defence gallery, dry moat and towers, on the south side of the city.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-19
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: reflections of the Maxbrücke (bridge) and Hangman's House in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-18
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: burgher houses reflected in the River Pegnitz, from the old wooden Henkersteg (Hangman's Bridge).
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-17
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Hangman's House and former wine hall "Weinstadel", reflected in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-16
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Hangman's House and former wine hall "Weinstadel", reflected in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR141K-15
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: 14th century Gothic Church of Our Lady (Frauenkirche) with 16th century gable by Adam Krafft and carillon with figures of the seven Electors swearing allegiance to the Emperor in 1356.
Keywords: Nürnberg, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, reflections, autumn colours, fortifications, defence

PMR141K-14
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the Gothic Schöner Brunnen (Beautiful Fountain) in the Market Place, with the twin spires of St. Sebald's cathedral behind.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR125K-19
Germany, Berlin, Spandau: the Citadel, erected from 1560 on the site of a "water castle" for the defence of Berlin.
Keywords: East Germany, metropolis, national heritage, historic, architecture, picturesque, capital city

PMR117K-20
Jordan, Al-Karak: the Crusader castle built by Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1142 AD, which was beseiged and taken by Saladin in 1183. View along the formidable defence walls and extensive "glacis", which prevented attackers from climbing up.
Keywords: picturesque, desert, Muslim, Islamic, national heritage, historic, defensive, fortifications, fortress

PMR116K-34
Jordan, As-Shobak: Shobak Castle, built by Crusader King Baldwin I in 1115, fell to Saladin in 1189 after an 18-month siege. One of the defence towers, with a view of the surrounding landscape.
Keywords: picturesque, fortress, fortifications, defensive, historic, national heritage, Islamic, Muslim, desert

PMR113K-33
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Harburg: Harburg Castle, former home of the Swabian branch of the Hohenstaufens. Inner courtyard with the chapel and defence gallery along the curtain wall.
Keywords: architecture, Schwaben, mediaeval, historic, national heritage, picturesque, Gothic architecture

PMR109K-23
France, Périgord: Chateau de Fénelon dates from the 13th century but most of the present fabric is 16th century. It possesses formidable defences, including triple walls.
Keywords: Dordogne, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, Neanderthal, stone-age man, cave dwellings, historic, mediaeval, Cro-Magnon, fortifications

PMR106K-02
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

The River Urubamba, which forms a loop around the Inca city, aiding its defence.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR093K-16
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: "Heathens' Tower" in the Imperial Castle, with the Palas buildings behind, and a section of the city's fortified defence wall.
Keywords: Nürnberg, fortress, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic town

PMR090K-26
Macedonia, Ohrid: the fortress of King Samuil, who reigned 976-1014 AD, with a view of the crenellated walls and defence towers. The site was already fortified in the 4th century BC. Lake Ohrid in the background.
Keywords: historic, Yugoslavia, national heritage, fortifications, historic building

PMR077K-25
Germany, Baden.Wurttemberg, Sigmaringen: the mighty castle which was the home of the Swabian (Catholic) branch of the Hohenzollerns: the tower and facade, mostly reconstructed.
Keywords: fortifications, defence, ancestral home, heritage, historic, Hohenzollern Castle

PMR077K-24
Germany, Baden-Wurttemberg, Sigmaringen: the mighty castle which was the home of the Swabian (Catholic) branch of the Hohenzollerns: the entrance with sentry boxes, surmounted by the family crest.
Keywords: fortifications, Hohenzollern Castle, historic, heritage, ancestral home, defence

PMR045K-26
Panama City: Small beach and defence post near Plaza de Francia in San Felipe (Casco Viejo).

PMR020K-08
Romania, Wallachia, Drobeta-Turnu-Severin: Ruins of the Roman castra from the time of Hadrian. Its purpose was the defence of the adjacent bridge over the Danube. Today, Yugoslavia (Serbia) lies on the other side of the Danube.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, Roman remains, Roman ruins

PMR018K-22
Slovakia, Kremnica: Common land with church and well preserved patrician houses inside the defence wall of Kremnica.
Keywords: architecture, Gothic

PMR018K-21
Slovakia, Kremnica: Fortified parish church with turreted clocktower and look-out gallery, showing defence wall and defence towers.
Keywords: architecture, Gothic, mediaeval

PMR076K-16
Germany, Franconia, Nuremberg: the 13th century Weisser Turm (White Tower) , originally part of the town's defences, now houses a metro station.
Keywords: mediaeval, historic, heritage

PMR076K-15
Germany, Franconia, Nuremberg: part of the town's defence fortifications: the Frauentor dry ditch and outer ringwall with defence tower; a higher, inner ringwall can be seen to the right.
Keywords: mediaeval, historic, heritage

PMR076K-12
Germany, Franconia, Nuremberg: a wistaria flowers on the mighty Königstor outer ringwall with fortified defence tower.
Keywords: mediaeval, historic, heritage, fortifications

PMR068K-12
Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Naumburg: founded before 1000 AD, Naumburg has retained its historic character: the "Landskrone" bastion on the south-east corner of the town's fortified defence wall.
Keywords: German architecture, historic town, picturesque, old buildings, gables, Sachsen-Anhalt

PMR432-11
Poland, Gdansk/Danzig: popularly known as the "Milk Churn Gate", this structure was part of a 15th century defence system, badly damaged during WWII.
Keywords: metropolis, fortifications, historic, Gdansk, architecture, cityscape, city

PMR421-06
Germany, Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden: one of the remaining towers from the town's fortified defence system.
Keywords: picturesque, Hannoversch Münden, heritage, historic, timber frame houses, half-timbered houses, architecture

PMR417-10
Slovakia, Kezmarok (formerly Kesmark): the oldest tract of Kezmarok Castle, with chapel and part of the wooden defence gallery
Keywords: historic, Kesmark, heritage, Czechoslovakia, fortifications, defence, mediaeval

PMR417-06
Slovakia, Kezmarok (formerly Kesmark): main entrance gate to Kezmarok Castle, home of the Thököly family for several centuries.
Keywords: historic, Kesmark, heritage, Czechoslovakia, fortifications, defence, tower

PMR416-12
Slovakia, Kezmarok (formerly Kesmark): facade of the chapel from the inner courtyard of Kezmarok Castle.
Keywords: historic, heritage, Czechoslovakia, fortifications, defence, towers, mediaeval, church

PMR413-09
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Weissenburg: the old town wall from outside, with dry moat/ditch.
Keywords: mediaeval, towers, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR405-02
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate: Burg Eltz, on the Eifel Massif, is a mighty fortress dating back to the 9th or 10th century. It has been constantly expanded and is still in possession of the same families who lived there in th12th century, 33 generations ago. Visble in this view are the fourth Rodendorf House and the Rübenach House, added in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Keywords: historic place, defence, fortifications, national heritage, castle, turrets, mediaeval

PMR405-01
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate: Burg Eltz, on the Eifel Massif, is a mighty fortress dating back to the 9th or 10th century. It has been constantly expanded and is still in possession of the same families who lived there in th12th century, 33 generations ago.
Keywords: historic place, mediaeval, turrets, castle, national heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR404-11
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate, Mosel Valley: view of the River Mosel with town and bridge of Löf, from the vinyards of Burg Thurant.
Keywords: historic place, Moselle Valley, defence, fortifications, national heritage, castle

PMR404-10
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate, Mosel Valley: Burg Thurant with its twin towers, each of which was once occupied by rival scions of the same family.
Keywords: historic place, Moselle Valley, defence, fortifications, national heritage, castle

PMR404-09
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate: entrance (formerly a drawbridge) to Burg Thurant, which overlooks Alken, in the Mosel Valley.
Keywords: historic place, Moselle Valley, castle, national heritage, fortifications, defence

PMR404-07
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate: 15th-17th century castle in the Mosel Valley between Kobern and Gondorf, formerly surrounded by water.
Keywords: historic place, vinyard, defence, fortifications, national heritage

PMR400-06
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Augsburg: boat hire on the moat under the mighty Oblatterwall.
Keywords: architecture, reflections, defence, fortifications, mediaeval

PMR685-04
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Heilig-Geist-Spital (Holy Ghost Hospital), built 1332-39, reflected in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, reflections, autumn colours, fortifications, defence

PMR542-8
Ceský Krumlov: Budweiser Gate, built in 1602 by Domenico B. Cometa, is virtually all that remains of the mediaeval defence walls.
Keywords: historic town, heritage, picturesque town

PMR685-03
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Spitlertor-Turm (Spitler Gate Tower), built as a square tower in 1385, acquiring a circular outer wall in 1558.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR684-12
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: 14th century Gothic Church of Our Lady (Frauenkirche) with 16th century gable by Adam Krafft and carillon with figures of the seven Electors swearing allegiance to the Emperor in 1356.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR684-11
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Hangman's House and former wine hall "Weinstadel", reflected in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, reflections, autumn colours, fortifications, defence

PMR684-10
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Hangman's House and former wine hall "Weinstadel", reflected in the River Pegnitz.
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR684-09
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: reflections of houses "am Fleischbänken" in the River Pegnitz, with the island "Trödelmarkt" (left).
Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval

PMR633-08
Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the Tiergärtner Gate and tower and the fortified town wall with its wooden defence gallery.
Keywords: Nürnberg, historic town, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, fortifications, timber-framed houses

PMR632-08
England, London: view of the River Thames, the Ministry of Defence, Charing Cross Station and Hungerford Railway Bridge, with Centre Point and the Post Office Tower in the distance, from the "London Eye".
Keywords: metropolis, millennium wheel, city, panorama

PMR629-03
Germany, Baden-Wurttemberg, Sigmaringen: the mighty castle which was the home of the Swabian (Catholic) branch of the Hohenzollerns: here, view from across the River Danube, with reflections in the water.
Keywords: fortifications, defence, ancestral home, heritage, historic

PMR629-02
Germany, Baden-Wurttemberg, Sigmaringen: the mighty castle which was the home of the Swabian (Catholic) branch of the Hohenzollerns: here, a closer view of the main entrance, with its black and white sentry boxes.
Keywords: fortifications, defence, ancestral home, heritage, historic

PMR629-01
Germany, Baden-wurttemberg, Sigmaringen: the mighty castle which was the home of the Swabian (Catholic) branch of the Hohenzollerns: here, the imposingly fortified main entrance.
Keywords: fortifications, historic, heritage, ancestral home, defence

PMR613-10
Bulgaria: Plovdiv received international acclaim for its painstaking restoration of the old Turkish-style houses in the old quarter. The Hisar Gate, the eastern gate of the fortress wall, has stood here "since the remotest past".
Keywords: Turkish-style architecture, cobbled streets, defence fortifications

PMR612-12
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: partially restored ruins of the palace of the Bulgarian rulers on Tsarevets Hill, originally extending to 6000 square metres.
Keywords: historical site, archeological excavations, ruined fortifications, defence towers, battlements, fortifications, Bulgarian heritage, archeological site

PMR612-11
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the fortifications on the west side of Tsarevets Hill and the rock escarpments surrounding the town.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-10
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the Assen Quarter, with its bridges over the River Yantra and numerous old churches. In the foreground stands the Church of the 40 Martyrs, currently under restoration (2005).
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-09
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: the sole entry to the fortified Tsarevets Hill, along a narrow ridge and through several fortified gateways.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-08
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Antique shops in Georgi C. Rakovski Street, built in the traditional Turkish style with tiled fronts.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-07
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: Georgi C. Rakovski Street, with its Turkish-style, tiled frontages, is now a pedestrian zone with many souvenir shops.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-06
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: houses in the old quarter of the town, perched in terraces on the lip of the gorge.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-05
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: monument to the Assen Brothers.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-04
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: the main north-south arterial road tunnels under the town.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-03
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here:Gurko Street, in the old quarter, with Gurko Hotel-Mechana (near the yellow taxi).
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-02
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: part of the town, showing the River Yantra, the main road, and the fortification wall.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-01
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: fortifications on Tsarevets Hill, with recently rebuilt Patriarchal Church on the summit.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-12
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the town from the fortifications on Tsarevets Hill, with a defence tower and a surviving Ionic column in the foreground.
Keywords: historical site, archeological excavations, ruined fortifications, defence towers, battlements, fortifications, Bulgarian heritage, archeological site

PMR611-11
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: "Execution Rock" ("Lobna skala") where condemned prisoners were forced to jump to their deaths.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-10
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of a fortified tower and wall, with remaining foundations of dwellings (right), and showing the rock escarpment which surrounds the town.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-09
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: the Assen Quarter (the oldest part of the town) and road bridge over the River Yantra, seen from the fortifications on Tsarevets Hill, with a reconstructed watch-tower in the foreground.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-08
Bulgara: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the Assen Quarter (the oldest part of the town) and the foot-bridge opver the River Yantra.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR580-12
Russia, Goritzi: Ferapontus Tower and part of the fortified defence walls of the Kirillo-Byelozerski Monastery in Goritzi. Founded in 1397, the second largest in Russia.

PMR580-11
Russia, Goritzi: Granovitaya Tower, dating from the 16th century, with part of the fortified defence walls of the Kirillo-Byelozerski Monastery in Goritzi. Founded in 1397, the second largest in Russia.

PMR661-08
Germany, Bavaria, Donauwörth: the Färbertörl, one of 38 towers originally part of the town wall, is today used for exhibitions.
Keywords: architecture, mediaeval defences, Schwaben, moat

PMR661-07
Germany, Bavaria, Donauwörth: the Rieder Gate, the last surviving town gate, now home to a museum.
Keywords: architecture, Schwaben, mediaeval defences

PMR658-08
France, Périgord: the square keep (donjon) of Chateau Castelnaud with the entrance below, and surrounding countryside.
Keywords: historic, defence, battlements, mediaeval, fortifications, national heritage, Dordogne, castle, countryside, wooded countryside

PMR658-05
France, Périgord, Chateau de Fénelon: view of a defence tower and surrounding countryside from the ramparts.
Keywords: mediaeval, castle, fortifications, Dordogne, national heritage, historic

PMR658-04
France, Périgord: Chateau de Fénelon displays its formidable defences. It dates back to 13th century, but most of the present structure was built in the 16th century. Note the "lauze" stone roofs.
Keywords: mediaeval, castle, fortifications, Dordogne, national heritage, historic

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Travel Photographer Munich, Bavaria, DE