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Travel (152 files)

PMR148-02 Romania, Transylvania, Sighisoara (Schassburg): a living museum-town of the middle ages: a street in the old town, approaching the massive 12th-century fortified citadel. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, historical, heritage, mediaeval, UNESCO, defence, fortifications, Saxons, Schäßburg
PMR-D13462 Greece, Island of Rhodes: Marine Gate, the main entrance to the Palace of the Grand Master between two castellated, round towers. Dating back to the 8th century, the palace was fortified by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century. Keywords: architecture, Byzantine, Crusaders, historic, holiday resort, island, Knights Hospitaller, Knights of St. John, mediaeval, Mediterranean, picturesque, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO
PMR119-05 Germany, Bavaria, Rothenburg ob der Tauber: St. Wolfgang's or Shepherds' Church (15th century Gothic); the outer side forms part of the town wall, and in the roof are fortified defence positions. Keywords: defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Franconia, gables
PMR-D8446 Greece, Island of Amorgos, Chora: a typical street in the hilltop town, with the ancient fortified castle built by the Venetians in 1290 on a rocky outcrop, in the background. Keywords: picturesque, alley, island hopping, Hellas, Greek Islands, Cyclades, taverna
PMR-D7985 Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: defence towers on the west fortified wall of the Marienberg Fortress. It was stormed by the Swedes in 1631 and the 600-man garrison was massacred. Keywords: architecture, Romantische Strasse, Romantic Road, historic, Franconia, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage
PMR-D7921 Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Weikersheim: the late Renaissance palace of the Hohenlohe replaced an original dating from 1586. A "dwarfs' gallery" enhances the fortified outer wall, which encloses the rose garden. Keywords: picturesque, Tauber Valley, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture, statues, carvings, sculptures
PMR-D7625 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). The main street. Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, historic, fortress, fortifications, culture, national heritage
PMR-D7624 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). Minaret of a mosque, converted from a Portuguese lighthouse in the 19th century. Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, historic, fortress, fortifications, culture, national heritage
PMR-D7623 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). Minaret of a mosque, converted from a Portuguese lighthouse in the 19th century. Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, historic, fortress, fortifications, culture, national heritage
PMR-D7622 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). The vaulted cistern was built in 1514 as part of the original Portuguese citadel for use as a grain store or arsenal, but converted around 1541 to a water cistern, holding 5,000 tonnes of water. The Manueline-style vaults are supported by 25 pillars. The cistern was used in the shooting of the film "Othello" by Orson Welles. Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO
PMR-D7621 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). The vaulted cistern was built in 1514 as part of the original Portuguese citadel for use as a grain store or arsenal, but converted around 1541 to a water cistern, holding 5,000 tonnes of water. The Manueline-style vaults are supported by 25 pillars. The cistern was used in the shooting of the film "Othello" by Orson Welles. Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO
PMR-D7620 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). The vaulted cistern was built in 1514 as part of the original Portuguese citadel for use as a grain store or arsenal, but converted around 1541 to a water cistern, holding 5,000 tonnes of water. The Manueline-style vaults are supported by 25 pillars. The cistern was used in the shooting of the film "Othello" by Orson Welles. Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO
PMR-D7619 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). One of the cast-iron cannons, slowly rusting away, with the tower of the old Catholic church on the right. Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, historic, fortress, fortifications, culture, national heritage
PMR-D7618 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). View from the Angel Bastion, showing the 8-metre high walls. Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, historic, fortress, fortifications, culture, national heritage
PMR-D7617 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). View from the Angel Bastion with cannon in the foreground. Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, historic, fortress, fortifications, culture, national heritage
PMR-D7616 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). Part of the peripheral walkway round the city walls, which are about 8 metres high and 10 metres thick on average, from the Angel Bastion. Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO
PMR-D7615 Morocco, El-Jadida, La Cité Portugaise: the fortified city of Mazagan, founded by the Portuguese in 1502, was the last Portuguese possession on the Atlantic coast to fall to the Alaouites in 1769. The latter then built the adjacent new town of El-Jadida ("the new"). The Angel Bastion in the west is a sea defence. Keywords: Africa, national heritage, culture, fortifications, fortress, historic, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, UNESCO
PMR-D7508 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". Entrance to a restored house, "Dar el Hata", which also houses a cafe. Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7507 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". Inside a restored house, "Dar el Hata", showing the dining niche of the second-floor living room. Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7506 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". Inside a restored house, "Dar el Hata", showing the second-floor living room. Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7505 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". Inside a restored house, "Dar el Hata", showing the stairway to the second floor. Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7504 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". Part of the old town from above, with the river in the background. Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7503 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". View from the top of the hill, showing defense wall, with the new town beyond. Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, fortifications, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, picturesque, architecture, culture, national heritage, historic
PMR-D7502 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". View from the top of the hill, showing defense wall, with the new town beyond. Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7501 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". View through a gap in the wall of the medina. Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7500 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". View of the medina with its defensive walls. Keywords: Africa, UNESCO, fortifications, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim, picturesque, architecture, culture, national heritage, historic
PMR-D7499 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". View of the medina, with the modern town on the left. Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7498 Morocco, Ouarzazate: Ait Benhaddou, a carefully restored ksar or fortified kasbah of adobe, spreads picturesquely up a hill crowned by a fortress. It has been used in the making of numerous films, including "Sodom and Gomorrha" , "Lawrence of Arabia", "Alexander the Great" and "Gladiator". Keywords: Africa, historic, national heritage, culture, architecture, picturesque, Muslim, Islam, Maghreb, fortifications, UNESCO
PMR-D7471 Morocco, Rissani: Ksar Abouam, a former Alaouite Wasir's fortified village dating from the 19th century, recently restored by UNESCO. This was inhabited by a whole self-contained community with granaries, mosque and hammam. The Alaouite dynasty, which has ruled Morocco since 1631, originated here. The well, in the main courtyard. Keywords: Africa, tradition, culture, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim
PMR-D7470 Morocco, Rissani: Ksar Abouam, a former Alaouite Wasir's fortified village dating from the 19th century, recently restored by UNESCO. This was inhabited by a whole self-contained community with granaries, mosque and hammam. The Alaouite dynasty, which has ruled Morocco since 1631, originated here. A typical studded door with tiled surround. Keywords: Africa, tradition, culture, Maghreb, Islam, Muslim
PMR-D7337 Algeria, Illizi, Djanet: view over the town (population ca 14,000) from the fortified old town. Keywords: Sahara, desert, sand, geology, dunes, landscape, picturesque, vista, Africa, Maghreb, Tuareg, Berber, Imuhar
PMR-D6394 Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: Nördlinger Tor, the town's southern gate, with the town mill (right) dating from 1378 and fortified, being outside the town wall. Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture
PMR-D6393 Germany, Bavaria, Mittelfranken, Dinkelsbühl: Nördlinger Tor, the town's southern gate (right centre), with the town mill (right) dating from 1378 and fortified, being outside the town wall. The round defence tower (Salwarten Turm) is part of the town wall. The allotments in the foreground are let to the socially needy. Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, mediaeval, culture, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse, architecture
PMR-D5715 Greece, Island of Amorgos: the fortified monastery of Chozoviotissa, built into the cliffs in the year 1088 by the Byzantine Emperor Alexis Komnenus. It houses several churches and more than 100 rooms. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, heritage, Cyclades, architecture, Orthodox, monks, isolated
PMR-D5714 Greece, Island of Amorgos: view of the steep coast from the path up to the fortified monastery of Chozoviotissa. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, heritage, Cyclades
PMR-D5713 Greece, Island of Amorgos: the fortified monastery of Chozoviotissa, built into the cliffs in the year 1088 by the Byzantine Emperor Alexis Komnenus. It houses several churches and more than 100 rooms. View from the path up the cliffside. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, heritage, Cyclades, architecture, Orthodox, monks, isolated
PMR-D5712 Greece, Island of Amorgos: the fortified monastery of Chozoviotissa, built into the cliffs in the year 1088 by the Byzantine Emperor Alexis Komnenus. It houses several churches and more than 100 rooms. View from the path up the cliffside. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, heritage, Cyclades, architecture, Orthodox, monks, isolated
PMR-D5711 Greece, Island of Amorgos: the fortified monastery of Chozoviotissa, built into the cliffs in the year 1088 by the Byzantine Emperor Alexis Komnenus. It houses several churches and more than 100 rooms. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, heritage, Cyclades, architecture, Orthodox, monks, isolated
PMR-D5710 Greece, Island of Amorgos: the fortified monastery of Chozoviotissa, built into the cliffs in the year 1088 by the Byzantine Emperor Alexis Komnenus. It houses several churches and more than 100 rooms. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, heritage, Cyclades, architecture, Orthodox, monks, isolated
PMR-D5533 Greece, Island of Santorini: the town of Imerovigli, with the Skaros rock in the foreground, previously fortified by early settlers. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira
PMR-D5532 Greece, Island of Santorini: the town of Imerovigli, with the Skaros rock in the foreground, previously fortified by early settlers. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira
PMR-D5234 Uzbekistan, Province Bukhara, Maklikrabot: sparse remains of the former fortified caravanserai, which probably fell victim to Genghis Khan in the 14th century. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, aqueduct, canal, reservoir
PMR-D5233 Uzbekistan, Province Bukhara, Maklikrabot: Malik Sardoba, a 14th century water cistern fed by the River Serafschan to supply the former fortified caravanserai and Rabat Malik Palace. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, aqueduct, canal, reservoir
PMR-D5232 Uzbekistan, Province Bukhara, Maklikrabot: Malik Sardoba, a 14th century water cistern fed by the River Serafschan to supply the former fortified caravanserai and Rabat Malik Palace. View inside the cistern. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, aqueduct, canal, reservoir
PMR-D5231 Uzbekistan, Province Bukhara, Maklikrabot: Malik Sardoba, a 14th century water cistern fed by the River Serafschan to supply the former fortified caravanserai and Rabat Malik Palace. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, aqueduct, canal, reservoir
PMR-D5230 Uzbekistan, Province Bukhara, Maklikrabot: Malik Sardoba, a 14th century water cistern fed by the River Serafschan to supply the former fortified caravanserai and Rabat Malik Palace. The information kiosk is in the form of a traditionally-shaped blue-lacquered jug. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, aqueduct, canal, reservoir
PMR-D5229 Uzbekistan, Province Bukhara, Maklikrabot: monumental iwan records the site of the former fortified caravanserai, which probably fell victim to Genghis Khan in the 14th century. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, aqueduct, canal, reservoir
PMR-D5226 Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: view of the fortified wall of Ichan Kala from the watch tower in the Kohna Ark, looking north. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO, crenellation
PMR-D5224 Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: view of the fortified wall of Ichan Kala from the watch tower in the Kohna Ark, looking south. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO, crenellation
PMR-D5222 Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: a defence turret on the fortified wall of the Kohna Ark. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO
PMR-D5186 Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: the mighty, fortified city wall and bastions of the Ichan Kala. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO, defence, castellations, crenelations
PMR-D5185 Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: the mighty, fortified city wall and bastions of the Ichan Kala. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO, defence, castellations, crenelations
PMR-D5181 Uzbekistan, Province Khorezm, Khiva, a walled, desert city founded about the beginning of the millennium: the mighty, fortified city wall and bastions of the Ichan Kala. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO, defence, castellations, crenelations
PMR-D5166 Uzbekistan, Bukhara: west gate of the Ark, the fortified residence of the emir, leading to the Registan, or main square. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO
PMR-D5165 Uzbekistan, Bukhara: the mighty defensive walls of the Ark, the fortified residence of the emir. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO
PMR-D5135 Uzbekistan, Bukhara: west gate of the Ark, the fortified residence of the emir, leading to the Registan, or main square. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO
PMR-D5134 Uzbekistan, Bukhara: west gate of the Ark, the fortified residence of the emir, leading to the Registan, or main square. Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO
PMR-D2808 Greece, Island of Rhodes: entrance to the Palace of the Grand Master between two castellated, round towers. Dating back to the 8th century, the palace was fortified by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century. Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller
PMR-D2807 Greece, Island of Rhodes: entrance to the Palace of the Grand Master between two castellated, round towers. Dating back to the 8th century, the palace was fortified by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century. Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller
PMR-D1140 Germany, Bavaria, Upper Franconia, Bamberg: fortified defence wall of Altenburg, with tower. Keywords: picturesque, architecture, fortifications, defence, national heritage, mediaeval, historical
PMR-D0393 Greece, Island of Samos: Orthodox church and fortified tower on the coast. Keywords: Dodecanese, island hopping, Hellas, Greek Islands, architecture, landscape
PMR-D0108 Libya: a qasr, or fortified store for grain and olive oil in the Castle of Nalut. Made of adobe (baked mud), it has 360 rooms and dates from the 7th century. This passage of well-worn stonews leads to the entry gate. Keywords: Maghreb, qasr
PMR-D0107 Libya: a qasr, or fortified store for grain and olive oil in the Castle of Nalut. Made of adobe (baked mud), it has 360 rooms and dates from the 7th century. Some of the wine amphoras remain in the store. Keywords: Maghreb, qasr
PMR314-01 Switzerland, Basel: surviving part of the city's fortified wall in St. Alban-Tal (Valley).. Keywords: architecture, metropolis, culture, historic, mediaeval, medieval, heritage, fortifications, defence
PMR310-07 Germany, Bavaria, Franconia: Burg Randeck (ca. 1000 AD), perched on the clifftop above Essing, is one of the oldest fortified castles in Bavaria. Keywords: nature, countryside, picturesque, rocky, steep, precipitous, limestone, jura, fortifications, defence
PMR306-01 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: distant view of the town of prominent towers with vineyards and olive trees in the foreground. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR305-12 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: popular resting place for tourists are the steps around the cistern in the Piazza della Cisterna. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR305-11 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: a typical side street, with solidly built dwellings. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR305-10 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: view of the remaining towers from "La Rocca", with flowering cherry tree in the foreground. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR305-09 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: typical skyline, with some of the ancient towers. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR305-08 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: ancient houses in the Via San Giovanni. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR305-07 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: part of the cathedral steps with two of the famous towers in the background. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR305-06 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: a corner of the Piazza del Duomo, from the steps of the cathedral. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR305-05 Italy, Tuscany, San Gimignano, famous for its fortified, soaring "Towers of Nobility" built in the Middle Ages during the struggle between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines: Piazza della Cisterna with its cistern/well, towers and palaces. Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, mediaeval, medieval, Gothic, Romanesque
PMR232-10 Romania, Alba, Aiud: fortified church or citadel dating from 14th-16th centuries, which provided protection for the townspeople in times of danger. Keywords: fortifications, defence, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, rustical, rural, picturesque
PMR206-01 Israel, Jerusalem: approaching the city, with the fortified walls and the Dome of the Rock already visible. Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, capital city, religious centre, Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, walled city, fortifications, defence, cosmopolitan, picturesque
PMR205-02 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Northern Palace of Herod the Great: the circular middle terrace as seen from the upper terrace. A Roman siege camp site is visible in the background. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR205-01 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Northern Palace of Herod the Great: part of a row of columns on the lower terrace. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-12 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. View from the lookout tower: stone quarry in the foreground, storerooms on the left, and the Dead Sea in the background. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-11 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. The synagogue, from Herod's time, the oldest synagogue so far discovered. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-10 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Earth Ramp built by the Romans prior to storming the fortress. The site of the Roman siege camps (X Legion) are clearly to be seen. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-09 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Washroom for visitors to the Western Palace of Herod. In the background: the swimming pool and a smaller royal residence. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-08 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Pathway leading up to the Western Gate from Wadi Masada. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-07 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Herodian swimming pool with steps leading down. Formerly lined with waterproof mortar. Everything above the black line has been reconstructed, below it is original. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-06 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. Columbarium, a round Herodian building with niches for the deposit of ashes of non-Jewish members of the garrison. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-05 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. A casemate in the curtain wall on the edge of a sheer drop; built by Herod the Great but later used as a dwelling by Byzantines and Jews. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR204-04 Israel, Dead Sea, Masada: a fortified rock plateau, on which Herod the Great built his palaces. Site of Roman siege in 37-31 BC when allegedly 900 Jews committed mass suicide. View of the snake path, cable car and car park, with the Dead Sea in the background. On the left, site of one of the Roman siege camps. Keywords: desert, fortifications, defence, isolated, tragedy, historic, UNESCO Site, steep, impregnable
PMR-D3327 Germany, Swiss Saxony (Sächsische Schweiz): erected by Elector Johann Georg I in 1621-2 the fortified Magdalenenburg in the Königstein Fortress provided living quarters for the court in the 2 upper storeys while the ground floor housed the provision store, below which was the wine cellar. On the right the clocktower (1901) with two bells. Keywords: picturesque, heritage, Swiss Saxony, sandstone, defence, fortifications, historic
PMR-D3253 Czech Republic, Cheb: the Black Tower, rising above the walls of the castle which dates back to Emperor Frederick 1 Barbarossa in 1179. Built of Black Basalt, the tower was fortified, with very thick walls and an entrance at first-floor level. Keywords: historic, architecture, heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, colourful, Eger, fortifications, buttresses
PMR-D1999 Northumberland: Warkworth Castle - fortified entry tower and moat. Keywords: architecture, defence, fortifications, conservation, preservation, estate, ancestral home, park, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage
PMR484-04 Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Lubeck: Burgtor, a fortified gateway built during the 13th to 15th centuries to defend the north entrance to the town. Keywords: mediaeval, defence, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque
PMR483-04 Germany, Bavaria, Regen, in the Bavarian Forest: the 13th century tower of St. Michael's parish church, fortified for defence purposes. Keywords: picturesque, mediaeval, historical, national heritage
PMR477-11 Germany, Bavaria, Straubing: a high fortified wall surrounds the Basilica of St. Peter and its graveyard. Keywords: historical, fortifications, defence, national heritage, mediaeval
PMR477-08 Germany, Upper Bavaria, Chiemgau: the octagonal belltower of the Benedictine Abbey of Frauenworth on Frauen Island in Lake Chiem. The lower part dates from 10/11th century and was fortified against attack. Keywords: architecture, onion dome, monastery, nunnery
PMR469-05 Romania. Transylvania: a typical fortified church with gate tower near Brateiu. Keywords: mediaeval, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Hermannstadt, Saxon Land
PMR469-04 Romania. Transylvania, Medias: view of the town square, with the spire of the Gothic church prominent. The church is protected by a fortified wall with gate tower. Keywords: mediaeval, fortifications, defence, Saxon Land, national heritage, picturesque, Siebenbürgen, Mediasch
PMR468-06 Romania. Transylvania, Sibiu: Strada Morilor with a remaining section of the fortified town wall and defence tower. Keywords: mediaeval, Siebenbürgen, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, fortifications, defence, Hermannstadt, Saxon Land
PMR464-02 Romania, Moldavia, Neamt: the mighty entrance gate and Pigul Belltower of Romania's largest and oldest monastery (Manastirea Neamt), which dates back to the 14th century, but was rebuilt by Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great) in 1497. These fortifications withstood countless attacks over the centuries and offered refuge for the local population. Keywords: mediaeval, defence, fortifications, fortified, Christian, Orthodox, architecture
PMR464-01 Romania, Moldavia, Neamt: view inside the compound of Romania's largest and oldest monastery (Manastirea Neamt), which dates back to the 14th century, but was rebuilt by Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great) in 1497. Approximately 60 monks live in the rooms off the gallery. Keywords: mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian, fortified, fortifications, defence
PMR463-12 Romania, Moldavia, Neamt: the monastery church of Romania's largest and oldest monastery (Manastirea Neamt), dates back to the 14th century, but was rebuilt by Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great) in 1497. Keywords: mediaeval, defence, fortifications, fortified, Christian, Orthodox, architecture
PMR461-09 Romania, Southern Bucovina, Sucevita: view of the fortified monastery compound with the church in the centre, surrounded by the Carpathian hills. The largest and finest of the Bucovina monasteries and last to be built. Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian
PMR461-08 Romania, Southern Bucovina, Sucevita: view of the fortified monastery compound with the church in the centre, surrounded by the Carpathian hills. The largest and finest of the Bucovina monasteries and last to be built. Keywords: frescoes, fortifications, defence, colourful, painted monastery, mediaeval, architecture, Orthodox, Christian
PMR502-12 Cyprus (North), Gazimagusa/Famagusta: the ruins of St. George of the Latins, one of the oldest churches in Famagusta, originally part of a fortified monastery. Keywords: Gazimagusa, ruin, church
PMR502-08 Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View from the east with palm tree and Giant Fennel (Ferula communis) in the foreground. Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne
PMR502-07 Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View from the east; the ancient harbour was to the left of the picture. Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne
PMR502-06 Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View of the south-east bastion with the ancient harbour in the foreground. Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne
PMR502-02 Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View of the interior with colourful Crown Marigolds (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and Corn Poppies (Papaver rhoeas) in the foreground. Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne, Mediterranean flora, spring flowers
PMR502-01 Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View of the interior with palm tree in the foreground. Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations, Girne
PMR501-10 Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. View of the interior, with the chapel of St. George just visible below the flag. Keywords: fortress, fort, fortified castle, crenellations
PMR501-09 Cyprus (North), Girne/Kyrenia Castle, built by the Byzantines on a Roman site, and extended by the Lusignans and then the Venetians, the castle has never been taken by force due to its massive defences. Here: roof of the Byzantine chapel of St. George, squeezed between the Byzantine bastion and the newer Venetian bastion of the castle. Keywords: fortress, crenellations, fortified castle, fort
PMR531-10 Iraq, Mosul: ruins of Bash-Tapia fortified palace and all that remains of the city wall facing the River Tigris. Keywords: architecture, defence, Muslim, Islam, Mesopotamia, natural heritage, archeology, archeological
PMR142K-22 Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: one of the fortified towers in the Frauentor wall on the south side of the city. Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval
PMR142K-21 Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Frauentor outer and inner fortified walls with towers and Frauentorgraben (moat) on the south side of the city. Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval
PMR142K-20 Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: Frauentor, fortified south wall of the city with roofed defenders' gallery, towers and dry moat. Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval
PMR142K-19 Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: outer and inner fortified walls with defence towers on the south side of the city, with colourful autumn trees. Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval
PMR141K-20 Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: fortified city wall with defence gallery, dry moat and towers, on the south side of the city. Keywords: Nürnberg, defence, fortifications, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval
PMR110K-07 France, Périgord, Domme: this "bastide" or fortified town was laid out by Philippe le Hardi ("the Bold") in 1281. Keywords: Dordogne, picturesque, national heritage, architecture, Neanderthal, stone-age man, cave dwellings, historic, mediaeval, Cro-Magnon
PMR094K-33 Libya: a qasr, or fortified store for grain and olive oil in the Castle of Nalut. Made of adobe (baked mud), it has 360 rooms and dates from the 7th century . Keywords: Maghreb, qasr
PMR094K-32 Libya: a qasr, or fortified store for grain and olive oil in the Castle of Nalut. Made of adobe (baked mud), it has 360 rooms and dates from the 7th century . Keywords: Maghreb, qasr
PMR093K-16 Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: "Heathens' Tower" in the Imperial Castle, with the Palas buildings behind, and a section of the city's fortified defence wall. Keywords: Nürnberg, fortress, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic town
PMR090K-29 Macedonia, Ohrid: the fortress of King Samuil, who reigned 976-1014 AD, with a view of the town beyond the crenellated corner tower. The site was already fortified in the 4th century BC. Keywords: historic, Yugoslavia, national heritage, castle, panorama
PMR090K-26 Macedonia, Ohrid: the fortress of King Samuil, who reigned 976-1014 AD, with a view of the crenellated walls and defence towers. The site was already fortified in the 4th century BC. Lake Ohrid in the background. Keywords: historic, Yugoslavia, national heritage, fortifications, historic building
PMR090K-25 Macedonia, Ohrid: the fortress of King Samuil, who reigned 976-1014 AD, with a view of the town beyond the fortifications. The site was already fortified in the 4th century BC. Keywords: historic, Yugoslavia, national heritage
PMR090K-09 Albania, Berat: In the 6th century BC the town was a Greek fortress-settlement of the Dassaretae tribe, later the Illyrian town of "Antipatrea", and then taken by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. Here: a square in the old walled citadel on the hill ("Kala"), with curved-roofed Ottoman hall in the foreground, and the fortified walls and towers of the citadel behind. Keywords: Shqiperia, Ottoman, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, historic town, Turkish houses, architecture
PMR088K-01 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Trebinje: fortified wall of the Stari Grad (old town), viewed from the town park. Keywords: Islam, Yugoslavia, picturesque, national heritage, historic, Ottoman, Bosniaks, Muslim
PMR086K-25 Croatia, Dalmatia, Zadar: fishing boats and pleasure craft moored under the fortified city wall. Keywords: national heritage, historic town, picturesque, mediaeval, harbour, jetty
PMR083K-03 Germany, Franconia, Nuremberg: the square "Beim Tiergärtner Tor" with part of the fortified town wall and castle in the background. Keywords: Nürnberg, historic town, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage
PMR079K-34 Tunisia, Sousse: inner courtyard of the Ribat, a fortified "monastery" for the soldiers of Islam, which dates back to about 800 AD. Keywords: Islam, crenellations, courtyard, castle, fort, Muslim, Mohammedan, Maghreb, historic, heritage, picturesque
PMR021K-18 France, Savoy, Annecy: Fortified town gate of Sainte Claire, with belltower. Keywords: mediaeval, picturesque, architecture
PMR018K-23 Slovakia, Kremnica: View of the 12-metre-high town wall and fortified church on approaching Kremnica. Keywords: architecture, fortifications, mediaeval, Gothic
PMR018K-21 Slovakia, Kremnica: Fortified parish church with turreted clocktower and look-out gallery, showing defence wall and defence towers. Keywords: architecture, Gothic, mediaeval
PMR008K-21 Romania, Transylvania:: Approaching Sibiu, formerly Hermannstadt of the German Saxon inhabitants, now reduced to a few thousand. Keywords: mediaeval, medieval, fortified town, historic, heritage
PMR076K-12 Germany, Franconia, Nuremberg: a wistaria flowers on the mighty Königstor outer ringwall with fortified defence tower. Keywords: mediaeval, historic, heritage, fortifications
PMR068K-12 Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Naumburg: founded before 1000 AD, Naumburg has retained its historic character: the "Landskrone" bastion on the south-east corner of the town's fortified defence wall. Keywords: German architecture, historic town, picturesque, old buildings, gables, Sachsen-Anhalt
PMR067K-28 Germany, Bavaria: Originally a Celtic colony (Radasbona) and then later a Roman settlement (Castra Regina), Regensburg boasts a wealth of historic buildings. It was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2006. Here: facade of the "Goliath House", an Italian-style fortified "tower-house" built by rich merchants. Keywords: UNESCO World Heritage Site, German Architecture, Germen heritage
PMR063K-04 Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187. The site was previously used by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came, and is virtually surrounded by a loop of the River Yantra. The fortifications on Tsarevets Hill, built on Thracian/Byzantine foundations in the 12th and 13th centuries, showing the sole entrance through fortified gates to the hill-fortress, with the newly restored Patriarchal Church on the summit.
PMR421-06 Germany, Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden: one of the remaining towers from the town's fortified defence system. Keywords: picturesque, Hannoversch Münden, heritage, historic, timber frame houses, half-timbered houses, architecture
PMR402-07 Hungary, Budapest: cannons near the entrance to the War History Museum on the ramparts of the fortified old town (Buda). Keywords: Magyar, architecture, Danube, cityscape, capital city, metropolis
PMR399-05 Germany, Upper Bavaria, Füssen: the castle, which dominates the town, was the late 15th century residence of the Bishops of Augsburg. Keywords: alpine, Gothic, fortified, fortifications, mediaeval, Fussen, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse
PMR541-8 Kutná Hora prospered in the 14th and 15th centuries due to its silver mines and the authorisation to mint silver coin. Here: an oriel in the courtyrd of the Vlasský dvur (Italian Court), a fortified building where the silver ore was stored in the late 13th century. Keywords: historic town, heritage, picturesque town
PMR681-01 Turkey, Kusadasi: visiting yachts moored along the causeway which joins the island of Guvercin Ada and its castle (1834) with the mainland. The island was originally called "Kusadasi", meaning "bird island", giving its name to the present day town. Keywords: Ottoman, cruise boats, fortified island
PMR639-12 Turkey, Kilitbahir: harbour and mosque of this fortified town overlooking the narrowest part of the Dardanelles on the Gallipoli Peninsular. Keywords: port, picturesque, jetty, moorings, boats
PMR633-08 Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the Tiergärtner Gate and tower and the fortified town wall with its wooden defence gallery. Keywords: Nürnberg, historic town, mediaeval, picturesque, national heritage, fortifications, timber-framed houses
PMR633-07 Germany, Bavaria, Nuremberg: the stone well in the square "Beim Tiergärtner Tor", with the fortified town wall in the background, and Albrecht Dürer's House (15th century timber framed) on the left. Keywords: Nürnberg, cobbles, fortifications, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic town
PMR629-11 Tunisia, Sousse: the "Ribat", a fortified barrack for Islamic monk-soldiers, built ca. 800 AD by the Aghlabids, with look-out tower to spot approaching raiders. Keywords: castle, fortress, fortifications, historic, heritage
PMR629-01 Germany, Baden-wurttemberg, Sigmaringen: the mighty castle which was the home of the Swabian (Catholic) branch of the Hohenzollerns: here, the imposingly fortified main entrance. Keywords: fortifications, historic, heritage, ancestral home, defence
PMR617-11 Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Essing: Burg Prunn, perched high on its rocky crag above the Altmühl Valley, dates back to the eleventh century or earlier. Keywords: defensive position, fortified castles, inaccessible, romantic castles, mediaeval castles, Fränkische Schweiz
PMR612-09 Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: the sole entry to the fortified Tsarevets Hill, along a narrow ridge and through several fortified gateways. Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations
PMR611-10 Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of a fortified tower and wall, with remaining foundations of dwellings (right), and showing the rock escarpment which surrounds the town. Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations
PMR580-12 Russia, Goritzi: Ferapontus Tower and part of the fortified defence walls of the Kirillo-Byelozerski Monastery in Goritzi. Founded in 1397, the second largest in Russia.
PMR580-11 Russia, Goritzi: Granovitaya Tower, dating from the 16th century, with part of the fortified defence walls of the Kirillo-Byelozerski Monastery in Goritzi. Founded in 1397, the second largest in Russia.
PMR658-09 France, Périgord, Domme: view of the Dordogne Valley from the belvedere of the "bastide" or fortified town laid out by Philippe le Hardi ("the Bold") in 1281. Keywords: historic, mediaeval, fortifications, national heritage, Dordogne, countryside, wooded countryside

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