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Travel (957 files)

PMR105-02
Egypt, Aswan: ruins of the 7th century Monastery of St. Simeon, built by Coptic Christians in the desert, but abandoned after the arrival of Islam in Egypt. View of the desert through the mud-brick walls, with the waiting camel drivers.
Keywords: archeology, antiquity, historical, architecture, culture

PMR105-01
Egypt, Aswan: ruins of the 7th century Monastery of St. Simeon, built by Coptic Christians in the desert, but abandoned after the arrival of Islam in Egypt. View inside the protecting walls. The water cistern in the bottom right-hand corner was the centre of a system of gravity-fed acqueducts throughout the monastery.
Keywords: archeology, antiquity, historical, architecture, culture

PMR104-12
Egypt, Aswan: ruins of the 7th century Monastery of St. Simeon, built by Coptic Christians in the desert. View of the desert through the mud brick walls of the monastery, abandoned after the arrival of Islam in Egypt.
Keywords: archeology, antiquity, historical, architecture, culture

PMR104-11
Egypt, Aswan: ruins of the 7th century Monastery of St. Simeon, built by Coptic Christians in the desert, but abandoned after the arrival of Islam in Egyypt. The remains of a coloured fresco over the apse are still visible.
Keywords: archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR104-09
Egypt, Aswan: highest surviving part of the ruin of Trajan's Temple on Elephantine Island.
Keywords: Egyptology, archeology, antiquity, historical, hieroglyphics, architecture, culture

PMR080-05
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Munich: ruin of the pre-war Army Museum (1978) (now rebuilt as the home of the Stadtskanzlerei)
Keywords: München, architecture, historic, neo-classical, dome, cupola

PMR075-12
Yugoslavia, Croatia, Split: souvenir stalls among the Roman columns with the Porta Argentea (Silver Gate) in the background
Keywords: architecture, historic, stone, heritage, ruins

PMR056-12
Rhodesia: ruins of Zimbabwe, thought to have flourished between 13th and 15th centuries A.D.
View of the Great Enclosure in the distance, from the flat lookout balcony of the Acropolis Ruin, overlooking the Ritual Enclosure where most of the Zimbabwe birds have been found. Rhodesia: ruins of Zimbabwe, thought to have flourished between 13th and 15th centuries A.D.
View of the Great Enclosure in the distance, from the flat lookout balcony of the Acropolis Ruin, overlooking the Ritual Enclosure where most of the Zimbabwe birds have been found.
Keywords: archeology, ruined city, historic, heritage, ancient city

PMR056-11
Rhodesia: ruins of Zimbabwe, thought to have flourished between 13th and 15th centuries A.D.
View from the central passage, overlooking the Eastern Enclosure. Rhodesia: ruins of Zimbabwe, thought to have flourished between 13th and 15th centuries A.D.
View from the central passage, overlooking the Eastern Enclosure.
Keywords: archeology, ruined city, historic, heritage, ancient city

PMR049-03
East Germany (GDR), Saxony, Dresden: ruins of the former Residenz, bombed by the RAF on the night of 13.2.45. A rebuild is planned (1977)
Keywords: city, rebuilding, River Elbe, Rococo, metropolis, architecture, Baroque

PMR-D12059
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: vaulted monument tomb from the Roman period in the south necropolis.
Keywords: Aegean, antiquity, archeology, architecture, art, culture, excavations, Greek, Hellenic, heritage, historic, masonry, picturesque, Roman, ruin

PMR-D12058
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: vaulted monument tombs from the Roman period in the south necropolis.
Keywords: Aegean, antiquity, archeology, architecture, art, culture, excavations, Greek, Hellenic, heritage, historic, masonry, picturesque, Roman, ruin

PMR-D12057
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: a well preserved Roman Temple of Zeus dating from the 2nd century AD - has 16 standing Corinthian columns with architraves.
Keywords: Aegean, antiquity, archeology, architecture, art, culture, excavations, Greek, Hellenic, heritage, historic, masonry, picturesque, Roman, ruin

PMR-D12009
Greece, Island of Alimia: ruins of German barracks on the now-uninhabited island. Seven Germans were charged with guarding the island in 1943.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, historical, island hopping, military, wartime, WWII

PMR-D12008
Greece, Island of Chalki: view of the town from the sea, lying at the foot of a barren mountain range and ruined castle.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, harbour, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque

PMR-D12001
Greece, Island of Chalki: the waterfront, with colouful house facades, overlooked by the ruins of a Byzantine fortress on the hilltop.
Keywords: colourful, Dodecanese, fortifications, Greek Islands, harbour, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, port

PMR-D11987
Greece, Island of Chalki: ruins of a Byzantine fortress on a barren hill overlooks the coastline, quite without vegetation.
Keywords: coast, defence, Dodecanese, fortifications, geology, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, isolated

PMR-D11980
Greece, Island of Chalki: ruins of a Byzantine fortress on a barren hill, where a solitary tree defies the elements.
Keywords: coast, defence, Dodecanese, fortifications, geology, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, isolated

PMR-D11938
Greece, Island of Nisyros: entrance gate to the ancient acropolis above Mandraki, built about 500 BC to guard the sea.route to Rhodes. Note the precisely-cut massive ashlars.
Keywords: architecture, cultural, Dodecanese, fortification, Greek Islands, Hellas, historic, island hopping, ruin

PMR-D11937
Greece, Island of Nisyros: entrance gate to the ancient acropolis above Mandraki, built about 500 BC to guard the sea.route to Rhodes.
Keywords: architecture, cultural, Dodecanese, fortification, Greek Islands, Hellas, historic, island hopping, ruin

PMR-D11936
Greece, Island of Nisyros: entrance gate to the ancient acropolis above Mandraki, built about 500 BC to guard the sea.route to Rhodes.
Keywords: architecture, cultural, Dodecanese, fortification, Greek Islands, Hellas, historic, island hopping, ruin

PMR-D11895
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Stralsund (Hansa Town): St. Jacob's church (Jakobikirche) was completed about the end of the 14th century and is the third-oldest in the city. It has been ruined and rebuilt a number of times, lastly after WWII.
Keywords: architecture, brick-Gothic, colourful, culture, Hanseatic League, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque, UNESCO World Heritage

PMR-D11894
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Stralsund (Hansa Town): St. Jacob's church (Jakobikirche) was completed about the end of the 14th century and is the third-oldest in the city. It has been ruined and rebuilt a number of times, lastly after WWII.
Keywords: architecture, brick-Gothic, colourful, culture, Hanseatic League, heritage, mediaeval, picturesque, UNESCO World Heritage

PMR-D11883
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Greifswald-Eldena (Hansa Town): picturesque ruins of the Cistercian abbey, founded in 1199 and destroyed in the Thirty-Years-War, made famous by painter Caspar David Friedrich.
Keywords: artist, culture, Gothic, Hanseatic League, heritage, red-brick

PMR-D11882
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Greifswald-Eldena (Hansa Town): picturesque ruins of the Cistercian abbey, founded in 1199 and destroyed in the Thirty-Years-War, made famous by painter Caspar David Friedrich.
Keywords: artist, culture, Gothic, Hanseatic League, heritage, red-brick

PMR-D11881
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Greifswald-Eldena (Hansa Town): picturesque ruins of the Cistercian abbey, founded in 1199 and destroyed in the Thirty-Years-War, made famous by painter Caspar David Friedrich.
Keywords: artist, culture, Gothic, Hanseatic League, heritage, red-brick

PMR-D11880
Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Greifswald-Eldena (Hansa Town): picturesque ruins of the Cistercian abbey, founded in 1199 and destroyed in the Thirty-Years-War, made famous by painter Caspar David Friedrich.
Keywords: artist, culture, Gothic, Hanseatic League, heritage, red-brick

PMR-D11496
Greece, Island of Corfu, Kanoni: the scant remains of a Roman Bath complex.
Keywords: culture, heritage, historic, Ionian Islands, ruin

PMR-D11465
Greece, Island of Corfu, Kerkyra (Corfu town): ruin of an early Christian Basilica of St. Kerkyra dating back to ca. 450. It has been destroyed and rebuilt a number of times.
Keywords: Byzantine, church, culture, historic, Ionian Islands

PMR-D11464
Greece, Island of Corfu, Kerkyra (Corfu town): ruin of an early Christian Basilica of St. Kerkyra dating back to ca.450. It has been destroyed and rebuilt a number of times.
Keywords: Byzantine, church, culture, historic, Ionian Islands

PMR-D11254
Turkey, Antalya, Lycia, Oludeniz: ruins of a long abandoned Greek village on an island in Gemiler Bay.
Keywords: 1922 emigration, deserted, desolate, houses, isolated, stone-built

PMR-D11250
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the Roman lighthouse (built 60 AD), under reconstruction on its old foundations. Originally 26m high it was destroyed by an earthquake/tsunami.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11249
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the almost perfectly preserved Arch of Mettias Medustus (100 AD) which was the north gate to the city.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11248
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the main street which connects the harbour to the Agora and is lined with Ionic columns, granite on the east and marble on the west.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11247
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: Abora IV - replica of an ancient Egyptian ship built entirely of totora reed and wood by German archeologist Dominique Goerlitz who built the ship himself according to old Egyptian paintings.
Keywords: Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, Kon-tiki, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11246
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the cavea of the Bouleuterion or Prytaneion, which held 1400 people.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11245
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the well-preserved amphitheatre was rebuilt by Antoninus Pius in 147 AD after an earthquake. It held ca. 6000 spectators.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11244
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the well-preserved amphitheatre was rebuilt by Antoninus Pius in 147 AD after an earthquake. It held ca. 6000 spectators.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11243
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the well-preserved amphitheatre was rebuilt by Antoninus Pius in 147 AD after an earthquake. It held ca. 6000 spectators.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11242
Turkey, Lycia, Patara: formerly a major city of the Lycian League due to its outstanding port, has been ruled by Hittites, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans et al. since the 7th century BC. Birthplace of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus). Due to the silting-up of the harbour the city was finally deserted by 1340.
This picture: the Bouleuterion or Prytaneion, the assembly hall of the Lycian League (1st century BC).
Keywords: archeology, architecture, Arsinoe, culture, heritage, historic, masonry, ruined city, Termilae, Tremilae, Xanthos Valley

PMR-D11226
Greece, Island of Kastellorizo, Megisti: the headland, crowned by the ruins of a 14th century Crusader fortress, with the ferry terminal below.
Keywords: colourful, heritage, historic, picturesque, resort

PMR-D11218
Greece, Island of Kastellorizo, Megisti: ruins of a 14th century Crusader fortress crown the headland.
Keywords: architecture, colourful, heritage, historic, picturesque, resort

PMR-D11216
Greece, Island of Kastellorizo, Megisti: the headland, crowned by the ruins of a 14th century Crusader fortress. The mosque is home to an interesting local museum. View from the terrace of the Hotel Megisti.
Keywords: architecture, colourful, heritage, historic, picturesque, resort

PMR-D11215
Greece, Island of Kastellorizo, Megisti: the headland, crowned by the ruins of a 14th century Crusader fortress. The mosque is home to an interesting local museum. View from the terrace of the Hotel Megisti.
Keywords: architecture, colourful, heritage, historic, picturesque, resort

PMR-D11214
Greece, Island of Kastellorizo, Megisti: the headland, crowned by the ruins of a 14th century Crusader fortress. The mosque is home to an interesting local museum.
Keywords: architecture, colourful, heritage, historic, picturesque, resort

PMR-D11171
Turkey, Lycia, Pinara: a closer view of some of the burial chambers in a cliff face overlooking the ruins of the ancient city of Pinara.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, culture, geology, heritage, historic, Mediterranean

PMR-D11170
Turkey, Lycia, Pinara: a cliff face with over 900 rock burial chambers towers over the ruins of the ancient city of Pinara.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, culture, geology, heritage, historic, Mediterranean

PMR-D11155
Turkey, Lycia: view of the rocky hill on which are the acropolis and ruins of the ancient town of Kaunos from the reedbeds in the Dalyan delta.
Keywords: archeology, geology, Mediterranean, ranges of hills

PMR-D11154
Turkey, Lycia, Dalyan: part of the ruins of the ancient town of Kaunos, in the Dalyan delta.
Keywords: antique, archeology, architecture, culture, heritage, historic, Lycia

PMR-D11153
Turkey, Lycia, Dalyan: part of the ruins of the ancient town of Kaunos, in the Dalyan delta.
Keywords: antique, archeology, architecture, culture, heritage, historic, Lycia

PMR-D11152
Turkey, Lycia, Dalyan: remains of a byzantine stone basilica in the ruins of the ancient town of Kaunos, in the Dalyan delta. The upper acropolis is visible on the hill in the background.
Keywords: antique, archeology, architecture, church, culture, heritage, historic, Lycia

PMR-D11151
Turkey, Lycia, Dalyan: remains of a byzantine stone basilica in the ruins of the ancient town of Kaunos, in the Dalyan delta.
Keywords: antique, archeology, architecture, church, culture, heritage, historic, Lycia

PMR-D11138
Turkey, Lycia: view of the rocky hill on which are the acropolis and ruins of the ancient town of Kaunos in the Dalyan delta.
Keywords: archeology, geology, Mediterranean, ranges of hills

PMR-D11137
Turkey, Lycia: view of the reed beds, home to numerous species of water birds, in the Dalyan delta. On the rocky spur to the left are the acropolis and ruins of the ancient town of Kaunos.
Keywords: archeology, ecology, geology, Mediterranean, nature, ornithology, ranges of hills

PMR-D11006
Germany, Lower Bavaria, Bad Gögging: half-excavated Roman thermal bath, 56m. long x 30m. wide, from first century AD, partly under the parish church of St: Andreas. Unique in Bavaria.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, culture, exhibit, museum, ruins

PMR-D8489
Turkey, Bodrum: archeological site of the Maussolleion of Halicarnassos, tomb of King Maussollos (=Mausoleum) in Halicarnassos (present day Bodrum), built 355-351 BC and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Ruined by an earthquake in the 13th century, the stones were plundered by the Crusaders to build St. Peter's Castle in 1402. The sign in this picture indicates the position of the former burial chamber of King Maussollos.
Keywords: antiquities, heritage, historic, archeology, architecture, Roman, Greek, Halicarnassus

PMR-D8488
Turkey, Bodrum: archeological site of the Maussolleion of Halicarnassos, tomb of King Maussollos (=Mausoleum) in Halicarnassos (present day Bodrum), built 355-351 BC and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Ruined by an earthquake in the 13th century, the stones were plundered by the Crusaders to build St. Peter's Castle in 1402. Plaster cast of part of the frieze of the Battle of the Amazons.
Keywords: antiquities, relief, stone carving, Halicarnassus, Greek, Roman, architecture, archeology, historic, heritage

PMR-D8487
Turkey, Bodrum: archeological site of the Maussolleion of Halicarnassos, tomb of King Maussollos (=Mausoleum) in Halicarnassos (present day Bodrum), built 355-351 BC and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Ruined by an earthquake in the 13th century, the stones were plundered by the Crusaders to build St. Peter's Castle in 1402. Plaster cast of part of the frieze of the Battle of the Amazons, showing a mounted Amazon fighting over the horse's hindquarters.
Keywords: antiquities, relief, stone carving, Halicarnassus, Greek, Roman, architecture, archeology, historic, heritage

PMR-D8486
Turkey, Bodrum: archeological site of the Maussolleion of Halicarnassos, tomb of King Maussollos (=Mausoleum) in Halicarnassos (present day Bodrum), built 355-351 BC and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Ruined by an earthquake in the 13th century, the stones were plundered by the Crusaders to build St. Peter's Castle in 1402. Fragment of an original frieze from the facade.
Keywords: antiquities, relief, stone carving, Halicarnassus, Greek, Roman, architecture, archeology, historic, heritage

PMR-D8485
Turkey, Bodrum: archeological site of the Maussolleion of Halicarnassos, tomb of King Maussollos (=Mausoleum) in Halicarnassos (present day Bodrum), built 355-351 BC and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Ruined by an earthquake in the 13th century, the stones were plundered by the Crusaders to build St. Peter's Castle in 1402.
Keywords: antiquities, Halicarnassus, Greek, Roman, architecture, archeology, historic, heritage

PMR-D8430
Greece, Island of Amorgos: the ancient settlement of Minoa which has been occupied since neolithic times. The name suggests that it was settled at one time by people from Crete. Graeco-Roman wall with part of a cistern on the left.
Keywords: Cyclades, island hopping, Hellas, Greek Islands, historic, heritage, archeology, ruins, excavations, Graeco-Roman

PMR-D8429
Greece, Island of Amorgos: the ancient settlement of Minoa which has been occupied since neolithic times. The name suggests that it was settled at one time by people from Crete. Remains of the main gateway from the Hellenistic period.
Keywords: Cyclades, Graeco-Roman, excavations, ruins, archeology, heritage, historic, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping

PMR-D8428
Greece, Island of Amorgos: the ancient settlement of Minoa which has been occupied since neolithic times. The name suggests that it was settled at one time by people from Crete. Well-preserved building from the Hellenistic period.
Keywords: Cyclades, Graeco-Roman, excavations, ruins, archeology, heritage, historic, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping

PMR-D8427
Greece, Island of Amorgos: the ancient settlement of Minoa which has been occupied since neolithic times. The name suggests that it was settled at one time by people from Crete. General view of the archeological site on Moundoulia Hill.
Keywords: Cyclades, island hopping, Hellas, Greek Islands, historic, heritage, archeology, ruins, excavations, Graeco-Roman

PMR-D8425
Greece, Island of Amorgos: the ancient settlement of Minoa which has been occupied since neolithic times. The name suggests that it was settled at one time by people from Crete. Remains of Hellenistic temple wirh part of a statue of a robed figure.
Keywords: Cyclades, island hopping, Hellas, Greek Islands, historic, heritage, archeology, ruins, excavations, Graeco-Roman

PMR-D8424
Greece, Island of Amorgos: the ancient settlement of Minoa which has been occupied since neolithic times. The name suggests that it was settled at one time by people from Crete. Remains of Hellenistic temple wirh part of a statue of a robed figure.
Keywords: Cyclades, island hopping, Hellas, Greek Islands, historic, heritage, archeology, ruins, excavations, Graeco-Roman

PMR-D8403
Greece, Island of Paros. Parikia: part of the tower of the ruined "Frankish Castle", built by the Venetians in the 13th century using stones from various Graeco-Roman edifices.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Paroikia, Hellas, island hopping, Cyclades, historic, heritage, architecture, archeology

PMR-D8355
Greece, Island of Naxos: Portara or lintel of the unfinished Temple of Apollo on the islet of Palatia. Work was begun in 530 BC by the tyrant Lygdamis with the intention of making it the largest temple in Greece, but the plan proved too ambitious. View shortly after sunset.
Keywords: Greek Islands, ruin, archeology, culture, heritage, historic, architecture, Cyclades, island hopping, Hellas

PMR-D8354
Greece, Island of Naxos: Portara or lintel of the unfinished Temple of Apollo on the islet of Palatia. Work was begun in 530 BC by the tyrant Lygdamis with the intention of making it the largest temple in Greece, but the plan proved too ambitious. View shortly after sunset.
Keywords: Greek Islands, ruin, archeology, culture, heritage, historic, architecture, Cyclades, island hopping, Hellas

PMR-D8350
Greece, Island of Naxos: Portara or lintel of the unfinished Temple of Apollo on the islet of Palatia. Work was begun in 530 BC by the tyrant Lygdamis with the intention of making it the largest temple in Greece, but the plan proved too ambitious.
Keywords: Greek Islands, ruin, archeology, culture, heritage, historic, architecture, Cyclades, island hopping, Hellas

PMR-D8348
Greece, Island of Naxos: Portara or lintel of the unfinished Temple of Apollo on the islet of Palatia. Work was begun in 530 BC by the tyrant Lygdamis with the intention of making it the largest temple in Greece, but the plan proved too ambitious.
Keywords: Greek Islands, ruin, archeology, culture, heritage, historic, architecture, Cyclades, island hopping, Hellas

PMR-D7999
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state. Mounted enthusiasts in period cavalry uniforms re-enact with infantry past military actions for onlookers.
Keywords: picturesque, attack, battle, cannon, mediaeval, heritage, architecture, culture, fortifications, castle, horses

PMR-D7998
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state. Mounted enthusiasts in period cavalry uniforms re-enact past military actions for onlookers.
Keywords: picturesque, attack, battle, cannon, mediaeval, heritage, architecture, culture, fortifications, castle, horses

PMR-D7997
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state.
Keywords: picturesque, mediaeval, heritage, architecture, culture, fortifications, castle

PMR-D7996
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state. Enthusiasts in period artillery uniforms re-enact past military actions for onlookers.
Keywords: picturesque, horses, castle, fortifications, culture, architecture, heritage, mediaeval, cannon, defence

PMR-D7995
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state.
Keywords: picturesque, castle, fortifications, culture, architecture, heritage, mediaeval

PMR-D7994
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state. Mounted enthusiasts in period cavalry uniforms re-enact past military actions for onlookers.
Keywords: picturesque, horses, castle, fortifications, culture, architecture, heritage, mediaeval

PMR-D7993
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state. Mounted enthusiasts in period cavalry uniforms re-enact past military actions for onlookers.
Keywords: picturesque, horses, castle, fortifications, culture, architecture, heritage, mediaeval

PMR-D7992
Sweden, Bohuslän: Bohus Fortress, dating back to 1308, lies on the old Norwegian-Swedish border and was at that time in Norway. Built of granite. it was besieged 14 times but never taken. In 1789 it was partly demolished, leaving it in its present ruined state.
Keywords: picturesque, castle, fortifications, culture, architecture, heritage, mediaeval

PMR-D7386
Morocco: Volubilis, a Roman city built on the site of the Berber and Carthaginian settlements in the first century AD, was originally the capital of the kingdom of Mauretania. Much of the stonework was taken in the 18th century for the building of Meknes. Ruins of the Capitoline Temple, reconstructed in 218 AD, and dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva.
Keywords: Africa, Maghreb, excavations, stone-carving, culture, historic, classical architecture, national heritage, Roman architecture, archeological site, UNESCO

PMR-D7385
Morocco: Volubilis, a Roman city built on the site of the Berber and Carthaginian settlements in the first century AD, was originally the capital of the kingdom of Mauretania. Much of the stonework was taken in the 18th century for the building of Meknes. Ruins of the Basilica, built in the third century AD, and probably modelled on the basilica in Leptis Magna (Libya).
Keywords: Africa, Maghreb, excavations, stone-carving, culture, historic, classical architecture, national heritage, Roman architecture, archeological site, UNESCO

PMR-D6813
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Onacht: ruins of two of seven early Christian churches in the neighbourhood.
Keywords: heritage, culture, tradition, stones, 7-Churches

PMR-D6812
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Onacht: ruins of one of seven early Christian churches. The burial ground is still in use.
Keywords: heritage, culture, tradition, stones, cemetery, graveyard, gravestones, 7-Churches

PMR-D6811
Ireland, Aran Islands, Inis Mor, Onacht: ruins of one of seven early Christian churches. In the foreground stands a stele displaying Celtic designs.
Keywords: heritage, culture, tradition, stones, engraving, patterns, 7-Churches

PMR-D6755
Ireland, County Mayo, Cong: ruins of Cong Abbey (Augustinian), which dates back to the 8th century but has been rebuilt many times. In the late 16th century the abbey was suppressed and fell into ruin. It posesses some notable early gothic stone carvings.
Keywords: heritage, historic, architecture, culture, picturesque

PMR-D6754
Ireland, County Mayo, Cong: ruins of Cong Abbey (Augustinian), which dates back to the 8th century but has been rebuilt many times. In the late 16th century the abbey was suppressed and fell into ruin. It posesses some notable early gothic stone carvings. Here: the monk's 15/16th century stone-built fishing house, built out over the River Cong.
Keywords: heritage, historic, architecture, culture, picturesque

PMR-D6623
Ireland, Louth, Drogheda: ruins of Old Mellifont Abbey, the first Cistercian abbey in the country, founded in 1152, closed after the dissolution in 1539. St. Laurence's Gate, formerly the eastern entrance through the city walls.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, architecture, picturesque

PMR-D6622
Ireland, Louth, Drogheda: ruins of Old Mellifont Abbey, the first Cistercian abbey in the country, founded in 1152, closed after the dissolution in 1539. Footbridge over the River Boyne, with neo-gothic St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, architecture, picturesque

PMR-D6621
Ireland, Louth, Drogheda: ruins of Old Mellifont Abbey, the first Cistercian abbey in the country, founded in 1152, closed after the dissolution in 1539. Footbridge over the River Boyne, with the new shopping complex built out over the river on stilts.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, architecture, picturesque

PMR-D6619
Ireland, Louth, Drogheda: ruins of Old Mellifont Abbey, the first Cistercian abbey in the country, founded in 1152, closed after the dissolution in 1539. The ruined 4-storey gatehouse to the abbey.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, monastery, architecture, picturesque

PMR-D6618
Ireland, Louth, Drogheda: ruins of Old Mellifont Abbey, the first Cistercian abbey in the country, founded in 1152, closed after the dissolution in 1539. The chantry (left) with the octagonal lavabo in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, monastery, architecture, picturesque

PMR-D6617
Ireland, Louth, Drogheda: ruins of Old Mellifont Abbey, the first Cistercian abbey in the country, founded in 1152, closed after the dissolution in 1539. View of the original gatehouse through an arch of the lavabo.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, monastery, architecture, picturesque

PMR-D6616
Ireland, Louth, Drogheda: ruins of Old Mellifont Abbey, the first Cistercian abbey in the country, founded in 1152, closed after the dissolution in 1539. The 13th century, octagonal lavabo, the monks' washing room, with part of the (rebuilt) cloister arcade.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, monastery, architecture, picturesque

PMR-D6593
Ireland, Louth, Monasterboice: a monastic site dating back to the 6th century, flourishing until the 11th century, when it was plundered by Vikings and abandoned. A ruined church surrounded by lichen-covered gravestones ancient and modern.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, graveyard

PMR-D6590
Ireland, Louth, Monasterboice: a monastic site dating back to the 6th century, flourishing until the 11th century, when it was plundered by Vikings and abandoned. A ruined church surrounded by gravestones ancient and modern.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, graveyard

PMR-D6588
Ireland, Louth, Monasterboice: a monastic site dating back to the 6th century, flourishing until the 11th century, when it was plundered by Vikings and abandoned. A ruined church surrounded by gravestones ancient and modern.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, graveyard

PMR-D6529
Ireland, Wicklow, Glendalough, a monastic settlement founded in the 5th century by Saint Kevin: the ruins of the Cathedral of St Peter and Paul, the largest of the churches at Glendalough, with its 10th century nave.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, picturesque, architecture, mediaeval

PMR-D6528
Ireland, Wicklow, Glendalough, a monastic settlement founded in the 5th century by Saint Kevin: ruins of the Cathedral of St Peter and Paul, surrounded by gravestones ancient and modern, with the round tower in the background.
Keywords: historic, heritage, monument, culture, picturesque, architecture, mediaeval

PMR-D6451
England, Sussex, Nymans Gardens (National Trust): view of the house and ruins across the main lawn, with flower beds in the foreground.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, colourful, botanical, mansion, country house

PMR-D6094
England, West Sussex, Bramber: the Parish Church was built by William de Broase in 1073 as part of his castle residences and defences. To the left stands the ruin of the gatehouse of Bramber Castle, built abiut the same time.
Keywords: architecture, mediaeval, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, Norman

PMR-D6093
England, West Sussex, Bramber: the ruined gatehouse tower of a Norman Motte-and-Bailey Castle built by William de Broase about 1070 as part of his castle residences and defences
Keywords: architecture, mediaeval, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, Norman

PMR-D6068
Oman, Taqah: part of the ruins of the ancient city of Zafar, founded over 3000 years ago, in the Al Baleed Archeological Site. It was an important port in the frankincense trade during the 12th-16th centuries.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, heritage, excavations, historic

PMR-D6067
Oman, Taqah: part of the ruins of the ancient city of Zafar, founded over 3000 years ago, in the Al Baleed Archeological Site. It was an important port in the frankincense trade during the 12th-16th centuries.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, heritage, excavations, historic

PMR-D6011
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense by the sultans of Hadhramaut. View of the city on its commanding position on high ground, surrounded by impregnable walls of limestone slabs, originally maybe 10m high.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation, defence, fortifications

PMR-D6009
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense. The excavations are being carried out by an Italian group. View of part of the main gate which consisted of three successive wooden doors and a postern gate.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation

PMR-D6008
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense. The excavations are being carried out by an Italian group. View of the "Monumental Building" which housed a 25-metre-deep well and fresh water reservoir.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation

PMR-D6007
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense by the sultans of the Hadhramaut. The excavations are being carried out by an Italian group. View of the restored internal mud-brick walls.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation

PMR-D6006
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense by the Sultans of the Hadhramaut. The excavations are being carried out by an Italian group. View of the well-preserved walls of the temple complex.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation

PMR-D6005
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense by the sultans of the Hadhramaut. The excavations are being carried out by an Italian group. View of a street with restored mud-brick walls of houses.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation

PMR-D6004
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense . The excavations are being carried out by an Italian group. View of the restored internal mud-brick walls and limestone ablutions basin in a room of the temple.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation

PMR-D6003
Oman, Sumhuram Archeological Park: the excavated remains of a city, dating back to the 3rd century BC, and abandoned in the 5th century AD, a major port for the export of frankincense by the sultans of the Hadhramaut. The excavations are being carried out by an Italian group. View of the restored internal mud-brick walls.
Keywords: Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, historic, heritage, ruins, preservation

PMR-D5863
Oman, Al Hamra: traditional mud brick buildings in the old quarter are mostly empty and deserted.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, picturesque, adobe, abandoned, ruin

PMR-D5862
Oman, Al Hamra: traditional mud brick buildings in the old quarter are mostly empty and deserted.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, picturesque, adobe, abandoned, ruin

PMR-D5861
Oman, Al Hamra: traditional mud brick buildings in the old quarter are mostly empty and deserted.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, picturesque, adobe, abandoned, ruin

PMR-D5859
Oman, Al Hamra: traditional mud brick buildings in the old quarter are mostly empty and deserted.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, picturesque, adobe, abandoned, ruin

PMR-D5858
Oman, Al Hamra: traditional mud brick buildings in the old quarter are mostly empty and deserted.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, picturesque, adobe, abandoned, ruin

PMR-D5854
Oman, Misfat al Abryeen (Misfah al Abriyin): the ruined watchtower overlooking the village.
Keywords: desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, sultanate, picturesque, rugged, barren, bleak, treeless, untamed, rocky, wild, geology, dirt-track, limestone

PMR-D5677
Greece, Island of Milos: ruins of an early Bronze Age settlement at Phylakopi, near the ancient town of Apollonia (today: Pollonia) which was in use from the 3rd millennium BC until ca. 1200 BC. Ceramic finds show evidence of Minoan, and later Mycenaean, influence. Part of the well-preserved, 2-metre-thick southern defensive wall.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Venus de Milo, excavations, archeology, culture

PMR-D5676
Greece, Island of Milos: ruins of an early Bronze Age settlement at Phylakopi, near the ancient town of Apollonia (today: Pollonia) which was in use from the 3rd millennium BC until ca. 1200 BC. Ceramic finds show evidence of Minoan, and later Mycenaean, influence. Part of the well-preserved, 2-metre-thick southern defensive wall.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Venus de Milo, excavations, archeology, culture

PMR-D5675
Greece, Island of Milos: ruins of an early Bronze Age settlement at Phylakopi, near the ancient town of Apollonia (today: Pollonia) which was in use from the 3rd millennium BC until ca. 1200 BC. Ceramic finds show evidence of Minoan, and later Mycenaean, influence.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Venus de Milo, excavations, archeology, culture

PMR-D5674
Greece, Island of Milos: ruins of an early Bronze Age settlement at Phylakopi, near the ancient town of Apollonia (today: Pollonia) which was in use from the 3rd millennium BC until ca. 1200 BC. Ceramic finds show evidence of Minoan, and later Mycenaean, influence.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Venus de Milo, excavations, archeology, culture

PMR-D5566
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
A model of the area of excavation.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5565
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
A pair of bed frames have survived the centuries.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5564
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
Lower room of a house, with stone basin.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5563
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
The highest wall so far uncovered is a house fronting on to a triangular square.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

$PMR-D5562 Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago. A flight of stone steps, fractured in an earthquake. Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins$

PMR-D5561
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
A Bronze Age WC, with running water. Houses had hot and cold running water, the hot probably coming from geo-thermal sources. Also waste water disposal pipes.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5560
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
Walls of unattributed buildings, with the main street in the background.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5559
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
The "pithoi room", probably a store-room, where a number of amphorae were found, some still containing the remains of barley.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5558
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
The "pithoi room", probably a store-room, where a number of amphorae were found, some still containing the remains of barley.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5557
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
Doorway and windows of a putative house.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5556
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
Ongoing excavation of the wall of a 2/3-storey building, with supports.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5555
Greece, Island of Santorini: archeological excavations of a Minoan city at Akrotiri which was buried after the eruption of the Thera volcano, approximately 3600 years ago.
General view of the site, with the extensive new roofing arrangements for protection from the elements.
Keywords: Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, heritage, Cyclades, Thera, Thira, bronze age, prehistoric, civilisation, ruins

PMR-D5514
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. View of the remaining facade.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5513
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. The dazzling white houses crowd the hill below.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5512
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. The dazzling white houses crowd the hill below.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5511
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. The dazzling white houses crowd the hill below.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5510
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: a row of old red-roofed windmills in Chora, the town surrounding the the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5509
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. The dazzling white houses crowd the hill below.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5508
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: a row of old red-roofed windmills in Chora, the town surrounding the the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5507
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. An old windmill with red roof stands in the foreground.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5506
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: a typical steep street in Chora, the town surrounding the the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage, blue-white

PMR-D5504
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: entrance to a house in Chora, the town surrounding the the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage, blue-white

PMR-D5503
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. A blue and white Orthodox church stands adjacent to the ruins.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5502
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. A blue and white Orthodox church stands adjacent to the ruins.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5501
Greece, Island of Astypalaia: crowning the hill is the Querini Fortress, built under the Venetian administration, and ruined in an earthquake in 1956. A blue and white Orthodox church stands adjacent to the ruins.
Keywords: Dodecanese, Greek Islands, Hellas, island hopping, picturesque, colourful, heritage

PMR-D5405
Tajikistan, Dushanbe, capital city, National Museum: the reclining Buddha dates back to ca. 6th century AD, and was discovered in the 1960s in the ruins of a temple. It is 12.8 metres long, weighs 5 tonnes, made of terracotta, and represents "Buddha in Nirvana".
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, metropolis, culture, historic, heritage, statue, figure, antique, exhibit

PMR-D5404
Tajikistan, Dushanbe, capital city, National Museum: the reclining Buddha dates back to ca. 6th century AD, and was discovered in the 1960s in the ruins of a temple. It is 12.8 metres long, weighs 5 tonnes, made of terracotta, and represents "Buddha in Nirvana".
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, metropolis, culture, historic, heritage, statue, figure, antique, exhibit

PMR-D5319
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: the huge Bibi Khanum mosque, completed by Timur (Tamerlaine) in 1404 in honour of his wife. It was one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world, but soon began to crumble, and was finally ruined by an earthquake in 1887. It is in a state of ongoing reconstruction. Parade Portal, pishtak/iwan, dome and a minaret.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5318
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: the huge Bibi Khanum mosque, completed by Timur (Tamerlaine) in 1404 in honour of his wife. It was one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world, but soon began to crumble, and was finally ruined by an earthquake in 1887. It is in a state of reconstruction. The 35-metre-high Parade Portal leading to the courtyard.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5298
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: the huge Bibi Khanum mosque, completed by Timur (Tamerlaine) in 1404 in honour of his wife. It was one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world, but soon began to crumble, and was finally ruined by an earthquake in 1887. It is in a state of ongoing reconstruction. View of one of three cupolas and side entrance.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5297
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: detail of ornament over the iwan of the huge Bibi Khanum mosque, completed by Timur (Tamerlaine) in 1404 in honour of his wife. It was one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world, but soon began to crumble, and was finally ruined by an earthquake in 1887. It is in a state of ongoing reconstruction.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5296
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: facade and iwan of the huge Bibi Khanum mosque, completed by Timur (Tamerlaine) in 1404 in honour of his wife. It was one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world, but soon began to crumble, and was finally ruined by an earthquake in 1887. It is in a state of ongoing reconstruction.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D5295
Uzbekistan, Samarkand: facade and iwan of the huge Bibi Khanum mosque, completed by Timur (Tamerlaine) in 1404 in honour of his wife. It was one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world, but soon began to crumble, and was finally ruined by an earthquake in 1887. It is in a state of ongoing reconstruction.
Keywords: Asian, Silk Road, picturesque, architecture, culture, historic, heritage, Muslim, colourful, artistic, Sunni Islam, UNESCO

PMR-D4914
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Subashi Buddhist ruins, the site of an active Buddhist community from the 3rd century until destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. UNESCO World Heritage site.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, UNESCO

PMR-D4913
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Subashi Buddhist ruins, the site of an active Buddhist community from the 3rd century until destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. UNESCO World Heritage site.
View of the eastern complex, on the other side of the Kuqa River.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, UNESCO

PMR-D4912
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Subashi Buddhist ruins, the site of an active Buddhist community from the 3rd century until destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. UNESCO World Heritage site.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, UNESCO

PMR-D4911
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Subashi Buddhist ruins, the site of an active Buddhist community from the 3rd century until destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. UNESCO World Heritage site.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, UNESCO

PMR-D4910
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Subashi Buddhist ruins, the site of an active Buddhist community from the 3rd century until destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. UNESCO World Heritage site.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, UNESCO

PMR-D4909
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Subashi Buddhist ruins, the site of an active Buddhist community from the 3rd century until destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. UNESCO World Heritage site.
View of the eastern complex, on the other side of the Kuqa River.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, UNESCO

PMR-D4908
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Subashi Buddhist ruins, the site of an active Buddhist community from the 3rd century until destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. UNESCO World Heritage site.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, UNESCO

PMR-D4907
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Caper bush (Capparis spinosa) in flower in Subashi ruins. The berries and buds are pickled and used as a seasoning in cookery.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, botany, biology, plants

PMR-D4906
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Kuqa: Subashi Buddhist ruins, the site of an active Buddhist community from the 3rd century until destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. UNESCO World Heritage site.
Inscribed stone marking the entrance to the site.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, UNESCO

PMR-D4900
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. Southern Buddhist Temple, a cave-temple, is an imposing earthen mound, 20 metres long.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4899
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. Southern Buddhist Temple, a cave-temple, is an imposing earthen mound, 20 metres long.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4898
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: group of Chinese mannequins in Jiaohe ruined city for a photography session.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, Turfan, fashion, model, colourful, mode, clothes

PMR-D4897
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: group of Chinese mannequins in Jiaohe ruined city for a photography session.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, Turfan, fashion, model, colourful, mode, clothes

PMR-D4896
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. Northwest Buddhist Temple, built in the 5th century and restored during the 9th-10th centuries.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4895
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4894
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4893
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4892
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4891
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4890
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4889
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4888
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4887
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4886
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. Bust of a successful general.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan, statue, soldier

PMR-D4885
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Jiaohe ruined city stands on a high plateau between two deep river valleys. It was capital of Jushi kingdom from 108 BC to 450 AD, later destroyed by the forces of Genghis Khan in 13th century. The population was ca. 7000 in the Tang dynasty. The Disney-style facade of the entry hall.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, Turfan

PMR-D4875
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Statue of Buddhist monk Xuanzang, who visited in 602-4 AD, whilst walking to India.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, monument

PMR-D4874
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Electric bus for visitors, with city walls in the background.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4873
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4872
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Reconstructed Buddhist stupa. The alcoves probably contained figures of Buddha.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4871
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
"Main storage building".
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4870
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Interior of "main storage building" showing transmission of square base to circular tower.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4869
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Part of the city wall, with modern buttresses.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4868
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4867
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Remains of the inner city wall.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4866
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4865
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4864
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
General view of the ruins.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4863
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Pagoda-like structure.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4862
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Part of the mighty city walls.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4861
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Partially reconstructed building adjoining the pagoda-like structure.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered

PMR-D4860
People's Republic of China, Xinjiang Province, Turpan: Gaochang ruined city (Uighur name: Qocho), an oasis city on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, dating back to 1st century BC, destroyed and abandoned in 14th century AD.
Statue of Buddhist monk Xuanzang, who visited in 602-4 AD, whilst walking to India.
Keywords: Middle Kingdom, Han, Asian, Silk Road, archeology, ancient, historical, antiquity, culture, heritage, architecture, adobe, erosion, weathered, monument

PMR-D4210
Turkey, Mugia Province, Milas: an arched Roman gate, originally part of the town wall, reveals a carved "double axe" ("labrys") on the keystone, which was the symbol of Zeus.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4209
Turkey, Mugia Province, Milas: an arched Roman gate, originally part of the town wall, reveals a carved "double axe" ("labrys") on the keystone on the town-side, which was the symbol of Zeus.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4208
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: a well preserved Roman Temple of Zeus dating from the 2nd century AD has 16 standing Corinthian columns with architraves.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4207
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: a well preserved Roman Temple of Zeus dating from the 2nd century AD has 16 standing Corinthian columns with architraves. Each column was sponsored by a different donor whose name was recorded on a tablet.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4206
Turkey, Mugia Province, Euromos: a well preserved Roman Temple of Zeus dating from the 2nd century AD has 16 standing Corinthian columns with architraves.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4204
Turkey, Mugia Province, Labranda: Although dating back to the Carians in the 7th century BC, most remaining buildings were erected by Persian satrap, Mausolos, in 4th century BC.
A wide stairway, part of the Sacred Way, leading from the Propylaeum.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic, Labraunda

PMR-D4203
Turkey, Mugia Province, Labranda: Although dating back to the Carians in the 7th century BC, most remaining buildings were erected by Persian satrap, Mausolos, in 4th century BC.
Retaining wall to the north of the Propylaeum.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic, Labraunda

PMR-D4202
Turkey, Mugia Province, Labranda: Although dating back to the Carians in the 7th century BC, most remaining buildings were erected by Persian satrap, Mausolos, in 4th century BC.
The best preserved building, the Andron (mens' chamber) of Idreius.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic, Labraunda

PMR-D4201
Turkey, Mugia Province, Labranda: Although dating back to the Carians in the 7th century BC, most remaining buildings were erected by Persian satrap, Mausolos, in 4th century BC.
The ruins of the Temple of Zeus, with the Andron of Idreius to the right.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic, Labraunda

PMR-D4200
Turkey, Mugia Province, Labranda: Although dating back to the Carians in the 7th century BC, most remaining buildings were erected by Persian satrap, Mausolos, in 4th century BC.
Partly preserved building at the east end of the North Stoa.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic, Labraunda

PMR-D4199
Turkey, Mugia Province, Labranda: Although dating back to the Carians in the 7th century BC, most remaining buildings were erected by Persian satrap, Mausolos, in 4th century BC.
View to the south-east of the site where the Propylaeum (entrance) is situated.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic, Labraunda

PMR-D4198
Turkey, Mugia Province, Labranda: Although dating back to the Carians in the 7th century BC, most remaining buildings were erected by Persian satrap, Mausolos, in 4th century BC.
View of the west of the site, with Temple of Zeus and the Andron of Idrieus.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, heritage, Hellenic, Labraunda

PMR-D4177
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): architectural site of the tomb of Mausolos (=Mausoleum) built in 353 BC, a wonder of the ancient world.
Keywords: culture, Petronium, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising, excavation, ruin, masonry, historic, heritage

PMR-D4175
Turkey, Province of Mugla, Bodrum (formerly Halikarnassos): architectural site of the tomb of Mausolos (=Mausoleum) built in 353 BC, a wonder of the ancient world.
Keywords: culture, Petronium, Aegean, Bahriyeli C, marine, cruising, excavation, ruin, masonry, historic, heritage

PMR-D4158
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Aerial view of the site.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4157
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Damaged figure of a lion.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4156
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Mythical sea creatures on a panel at the base of one of the columns.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4155
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Two re-erected Ionic columns with architrave.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4154
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Two re-erected Ionic columns with architrave.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4153
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Many such Medusa-heads originally adorned the architrave.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4152
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
The bull's head is a frequently used motiv for column capitals.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4151
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi. The Pronaos with double row of columns which were completed. Remains of a round well in front of the temple.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4150
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Carved base of a column with carved panels of fantasies.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4149
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Carved base of a column with modified "Greek Key" pattern.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4148
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Carved column head with fantasies.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4147
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Carved column head with a pair of Griffins.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4146
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma (the Branchidae) may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Part of the Adyton (interior), originally planted with laurels, and reserved to the priests.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4145
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma(the Branchidae) may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
The drums of a complete fallen column.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4144
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma (the Branchidae) may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Steps leading up to the Stylobate. with two re-erected columns on the long side.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4143
Turkey, Aydin Province, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 m. long by 60 m. wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years,but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma (the Branchidae) may go back to 1000 BC, rivalling Delphi.
Steps leading up to the Stylobate. with two re-erected columns on the long side.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, Roman, Greek, architecture, Aegean, sailing ship, Bahriyeli C, cruising, heritage, Hellenic

PMR-D4133
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Shopping street, behind the east-west stoa.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4132
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. The smaller, Roman, amphitheatre, with seating for about 5,000 persons.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4131
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Looking along the line of the east-west stoa, with the remains of the Dionysus Temple on the left.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4130
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. The Dionysus Temple surrounded by stone fragments, with the line of the east-west stoa marked by 3-4 columns.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4129
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. The Dionysus Temple, surrounded by rows of stone fragments, with the Commercial Harbour in the background.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4128
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Fallen Doric columns, with sailing boats in the Commercial Harbour in the background.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4127
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. An antique sun dial.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4126
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Remains of a row of shops.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4125
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Ruined towers for the defence of the Military Harbour, and the present day lighthouse on the Triopian Peninsula.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4124
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. The narrow entry channel into the Military Harbour.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4123
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. View of the Military Harbour (centre) and the Commercial Harbour (left), formerly connected by a strip of water.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4122
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Remains of the circular Athena Temple and altar.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4121
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Shops or business units at the west end of the stoa.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4120
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. The main east-west street.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4119
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Remains of the Dionysus Temple, with the old commercial harbour in the background.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4118
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. One of the ornately carved architrave stones from the Dionysus Temple.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4117
Turkey, Resadiye Peninsula, Knidos: the ruined town dates back to the 4th century BC in its present position and counted about 70,000 inhabitants. It had a famous medical school in its prime. Rows of exquisitely carved architrave stones from the Dionysus Temple, with surviving columns of the east-west stoa.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, archeology, Hellenic, classical, excavations

PMR-D4110
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula: ruined houses and former garden walls in the deserted Greek village of Kalamaki.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, ruins, archeology, historic

PMR-D4109
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula: ruined houses and working surfaces in the deserted Greek village of Kalamaki.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, ruins, archeology, historic

PMR-D4108
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula: ruined houses and working surfaces in the deserted Greek village of Kalamaki.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, ruins, archeology, historic

PMR-D4107
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula: approaching the deserted Greek village of Kalamaki: a ruined watch tower.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, ruins, archeology, historic

PMR-D4101
Turkey, Bozburun Peninsula, Loryma: climbing the peninsula to the ruins of Loryma Fortress, with the sailing ship in the background.
Keywords: maritime, Aegean , cruising, Bahriyeli C, picturesque, sailing ship, hiking

PMR-D4085
Germany, Bavaria, Wonsees: a "ruined" open air theatre, viewed from the "Calypso Grotto", part of the Sanspareil park of bizarre rock formations, about 20 km from Bayreuth. Another brainchild of Markgravin Wilhelmina at the end of the 18th century.
Keywords: picturesque, park, architecture, historic, heritage, culture, fantastic, tuff-stone, unusual, grotto, Franconia

PMR-D4084
Germany, Bavaria, Wonsees: a "ruined" open air theatre, part of the Sanspareil park of bizarre rock formations, about 20 km from Bayreuth. Another brainchild of Markgravin Wilhelmina at the end of the 18th century.
Keywords: picturesque, park, architecture, historic, heritage, culture, fantastic, tuff-stone, unusual, grotto, Franconia

PMR-D2805
Greece, Island of Rhodes: ruins of the Greek Temple of Aphrodite in Symis Square, with the Eleftherias (Liberty) Gate in the background.
Keywords: Mediterranean, island, holiday resort, picturesque, historic, landscape, mediaeval, architecture, Byzantine, Rhodos, Rodos, UNESCO, Knights of St. John, Crusaders, Knights Hospitaller

PMR-D2783
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
View of the reconstructed units and perimeter wall from above.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2782
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
The largest unit (chief's house ?) has additional internal supports for the roof.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2781
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick
General view of the site and car park from the north-west..
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2780
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
Entrance to the village was through this narrow opening in the perimeter wall.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2779
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
Newly started excavations at the top end of the site.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2778
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
Specially shaped stones for grinding grain (?).
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2777
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
The lowest level of the excavations, known as "Zone A".
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2776
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
Remains of several units in situ, with a larger one behind.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2775
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
Partially completed unit of a type which may have been used for storage.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2774
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
"Cross section" of a dwelling showing the method of construction and wood/mud roof.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2773
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
Four dwellings in various stages of completion.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2772
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
Part of the reconstructed enclosure wall with two dwellings.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2771
Cyprus, Khirokitia-Vouni (Choirokoitia) aceramic Neolithic site, a settlement dating from approximately 6800 BC, in process of ongoing excavation. The village comprises large numbers of circular dwellings built of stone, complemented with pisé and mudbrick.
Three of the accurately reconstructed dwellings.
in the archeological park.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins, prehistoric, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D0961
Myanmar, Bagan: ruined Tharaba Gate to Old Bagan (9th century).
Keywords: Buddhist, Burma, religious, colourful, architecture, picturesque, temples

PMR-D0929
Myanmar, Mandalay, Mingun: view of the ruin of Mingun Paya from the terrace of the Hsinbyume Paya.
Keywords: Buddhist, temples, picturesque, architecture, colourful, religious, Burma

PMR-D0772
Cyprus (North), Kantara: mediaeval Kantara Crusader Castle on its almost impregnable rock.
Keywords: Mediterranean, Byzantine, island, holiday resort, Aphrodite's birthplace, picturesque, historic, landscape, fortress defance, ruin

PMR-D0771
Cyprus (North), Kantara: buttress of mediaeval Kantara Crusader Castle.
Keywords: Mediterranean, Byzantine, island, holiday resort, Aphrodite's birthplace, picturesque, historic, landscape, fortress defance, ruin

PMR-D0770
Cyprus (North), Kantara: ruins of mediaeval Kantara Crusader Castle.
Keywords: Mediterranean, ruin, fortress defance, landscape, historic, picturesque, Aphrodite's birthplace, holiday resort, island, Byzantine

PMR-D0769
Cyprus (North), Kantara: Barbican and defence tower of mediaeval Kantara Crusader Castle.
Keywords: Mediterranean, Byzantine, island, holiday resort, Aphrodite's birthplace, picturesque, historic, landscape, fortress defance, ruin

PMR-D0768
Cyprus (North), Kantara: ruins of the Barbican of mediaeval Kantara Crusader Castle.
Keywords: Mediterranean, Byzantine, island, holiday resort, Aphrodite's birthplace, picturesque, historic, landscape, fortress defance, ruin

PMR-D0767
Cyprus (North), Kantara: Barbican and entrance gate of mediaeval Kantara Crusader Castle, with Kyrenia mountain range behind.
Keywords: Mediterranean, Byzantine, island, holiday resort, Aphrodite's birthplace, picturesque, historic, landscape, fortress defance, ruin

PMR-D0254
Jordan, Madaba: part of a huge mosaic, dating from AD560, which consists of a map of the Middle East describing (in Greek) all major biblical sites of the time. Estimated to have had about 2 million pieces originally. To be seen in St. George's Greek Orthodox Church.
Keywords: archeology, Palestine, archeological, excavations, ruins

PMR-D0253
Jordan, Madaba: part of a huge mosaic, dating from AD560, which consists of a map of the Middle East describing (in Greek) all major biblical sites of the time. Estimated to have had about 2 million pieces originally. To be seen in St. George's Greek Orthodox Church.
Keywords: archeology, Palestine, archeological, excavations, ruins

PMR-D0252
Jordan, Madaba: part of a huge mosaic, dating from AD560, which consists of a map of the Middle East describing (in Greek) all major biblical sites of the time. Estimated to have had about 2 million pieces originally. To be seen in St. George's Greek Orthodox Church.
Keywords: archeology, Palestine, archeological, excavations, ruins

PMR-D0251
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Colourful graining in the sandstone rock.
Keywords: archeology, rock tombcaves, archeological, excavations, geological, geology, ruins, colourful, strata, multicoloured, graining, Graeco-Roman architecture, Egyptian architecture

PMR-D0250
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Colourful graining in the sandstone rock.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0248
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Patiently waiting donkey against a background of rosy, rugged walls of Wadi Musa.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0247
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Jordanian, riding a donkey up the long path to "the monastery".
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0246
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Nabataean tomb, carved from the rock, known as "Al Deir" ("the monastery") dating from the 3rd century BC.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0245
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Nabataean tomb, carved from the rock, known as "Al Deir" ("the monastery") dating from the 3rd century BC.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0244
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Partially worked/ long ruined (?) feature in the cliffs on the path up to the "monastery".
Keywords: archeology, rock tombcaves, archeological, excavations, geological, geology, ruins, colourful, strata, multicoloured, graining, Graeco-Roman architecture, Egyptian architecture

PMR-D0243
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Colourful graining in a sandstone boulder.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0242
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Patiently waiting donkeys against a background of rosy, rugged walls of Wadi Musa.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0241
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Eroded bands of sandstone in varying colours.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0240
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Byzantine floor mosaics in Petra Church.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0239
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Byzantine floor mosaics in Petra Church.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0238
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Byzantine floor mosaics in Petra Church.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0237
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Byzantine floor mosaics in Petra Church.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0236
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Remains of the red and white stucco-work on the wall of the free-standing Great Temple.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0235
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Colourful graining in the sandstone rock.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0234
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Colourful graining in the sandstone rock.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0233
Jordan: Petra, a Nabataean city, probably dating from 500-600 BC, later administered by the Romans, in part carved out of the rose-red sandstone rocks of the Wadi Araba. Famous as "the rose-red city, half as old as time", Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.

Colourful graining in the sandstone rock.
Keywords: archeology, Egyptian architecture, Graeco-Roman architecture, graining, multicoloured, strata, colourful, ruins, geology, geological, excavations, archeological, rock tombcaves

PMR-D0148
England, Wiltshire, Bath: the Great Bath, part of the complex belonging to the Roman Baths, whose mineral waters are said to be beneficial, Above ground level the buildings are from the 19th century. Towers of the Abbey Church behind.
Keywords: architecture, bathing, heritage, mineral springs, mineral baths, spa, Roman ruins, historic

PMR-D0147
England, Wiltshire, Bath: the Great Bath, part of the complex belonging to the Roman Baths, whose mineral waters are said to be beneficial. The buildings below ground level are of Roman origin.
Keywords: architecture, historic, Roman ruins, spa, mineral baths, mineral springs, heritage, bathing

PMR-D0146
England, Wiltshire, Bath: a "Druid priest" recites a prayer to the gods on the edge of the Great Bath, part of the complex belonging to the Roman Baths, whose mineral waters are said to be beneficial.
Keywords: architecture, historic, Roman ruins, spa, mineral baths, mineral springs, heritage, bathing

PMR-D0145
England, Wiltshire, Bath: steam rising from the Sacred Spring in the Roman Baths, whose mineral waters are said to be beneficial.
Keywords: architecture, historic, Roman ruins, spa, mineral baths, mineral springs, heritage, bathing

PMR-D0144
England, Wiltshire, Bath: part of a carved stone Roman temple pediment with Gorgon's head preserved in the museum of the Roman Baths.
Keywords: architecture, historic, Roman ruins, spa, mineral baths, mineral springs, heritage, bathing

PMR-D0098
Croatia, Solin: Latin inscription on a stone sarcophagus in the ruins of the ancient Roman city of Salona, near today's Split.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, historic

PMR307-07
Germany, West Berlin: view of the old (ruined) and new (glass) Kaiser Wilhelm I Memorial Church.
Keywords: architecture, monument, culture, heritage, historic, contrast

PMR306-08
Italy, Tuscany, Maremma Regional Park (Parco Regionale de Maremma) near Grossetto: ruin on a hill, seen through the pine trees.
Keywords: nature, reservation, conservation, ecology, bio-diversity, biotope, countryside, swamplands

PMR224-04
Greece, Delphi: Apollo's Temple, erected between 370 and 330 BC, where the Omphalos stone (the centre of the Greek world) and the Pythia oracle were to be found. View from above, showing part of the amphitheatre and view of the valley.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR224-03
Greece, Delphi: Apollo's Temple, erected between 370 and 330 BC, where the Omphalos stone (the centre of the Greek world) and the Pythia oracle were to be found. View of part of the temple with the valley in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR289-07
Turkey, Hierapolis: source of the mineral spring which now issues forth from a number of culverts into the swimming pool.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, masonry, ruin, archeology, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, architecture, bathing, cool, refreshing, oleander

PMR289-06
Turkey, Hierapolis: crystal-clear waters of the swimming pool in Pamukkale, fed by the mineral spring, and featuring architectural fragments from the Roman edifice.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, masonry, ruin, archeology, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, architecture, bathing, cool, refreshing, oleander

PMR289-05
Turkey, Hierapolis: crystal-clear waters of the swimming pool in Pamukkale, fed by the mineral spring, and featuring architectural fragments from the Roman edifice.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, masonry, ruin, archeology, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, architecture, bathing, cool, refreshing, oleander

PMR289-04
Turkey, Hierapolis: main street and the Gate of Domitian (end of 1st century AD).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, architecture

PMR289-03
Turkey, Hierapolis: sarcophagi in the extensive Roman Necropolis showing one of the burial chambers with a sarcophagus on the roof.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, architecture

PMR289-02
Turkey, Hierapolis: part of the extensive Roman Necropolis with Roman Baths in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, architecture

PMR288-09
Turkey, Hierapolis: evidence of earthquake activity may be seen in the 9" displacement of this stone water conduit.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, architecture

PMR288-08
Turkey, Hierapolis: built during Hadrian's rule the amphitheatre had seats for 15-20,000 spectators. Above the stage are two excellently preserved series of reliefs, of Apollo and Artemis.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, architecture

PMR287-11
Turkey, Aphrodisias: stoa of the palaestra adjoining the Baths of Hadrian (?)
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR287-10
Turkey, Aphrodisias: view of the stage of the amphitheatre and the surrounding countryside. The "piazza" behind the stage was laid out at the end of the 4th century AD.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR287-09
Turkey, Aphrodisias: the well-preservd stage of the amphitheatre, converted in the 2nd century AD for fights between gladiators and wild animals.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR287-08
Turkey, Aphrodisias: an impressive row of Ionic columns marks the southern stoa of the agora. Still being excavated (1989).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR287-07
Turkey, Aphrodisias: the Odeon, built in the 2nd century AD, was formerly roofed over. The stage is presently flooded (and full of frogs providing a rousing chorus!)
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR287-05
Turkey, Aphrodisias: view of the stadium from one of the tunnel entrances.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR287-04
Turkey, Aphrodisias: the huge stadium, 228 metres long, probably the best preserved of any from the ancient world.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-07
Turkey, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 metres long by 60 metres wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years, but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma probably goes back as far as 1000 BC and rivalled that of Delphi in influence and was older.
General view of the temple.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-06
Turkey, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 metres long by 60 metres wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years, but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma probably goes back as far as 1000 BC and rivalled that of Delphi in influence and was older.
Capital, from one of the Ionic columns.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-05
Turkey, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 metres long by 60 metres wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years, but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma probably goes back as far as 1000 BC and rivalled that of Delphi in influence and was older. Griffin, one of many adorning the frieze of the Adyton, or main hall.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-04
Turkey, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 metres long by 60 metres wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years, but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma probably goes back as far as 1000 BC and rivalled that of Delphi in influence and was older. Interior: in the foreground once stood a small building, 10 metres high, where the Oracle was situated.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-03
Turkey, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 metres long by 60 metres wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years, but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma probably goes back as far as 1000 BC and rivalled that of Delphi in influence and was older. Impressive carvings on the bases of the massive columns.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-02
Turkey, Didyma: the huge Temple of Apollo, measuring 120 metres long by 60 metres wide, was begun in the 3rd century BC, worked on for 300 years, but never completed. The Oracle of Didyma probably goes back as far as 1000 BC and rivalled that of Delphi in influence and was older. One of a number of heads of Medusa, which occupied places of honour on the entablature.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR286-01
Turkey, Miletus: recently restored Ionic stoa, built 41-54 AD in the time of Emperor Claudius (flooded).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek

PMR285-12
Turkey, Miletus: behind the columns of a stoa, the remains of a monument to commemorate a sea battle stand on the edge of the former harbour.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek

PMR285-11
Turkey, Miletus: Roman amphitheatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, had seating for 25,000 spectators. Twin columns mark the position of the emperor's box.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek, architecture

PMR285-10
Turkey, Priene: view of the agora with the Temple of Zeus on the left. The plain beyond was an arm of the sea in Greek and Roman times.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek

PMR285-09
Turkey, Priene: one of the seats of honour, almost on the stage of the Greek amphitheatre (4th century BC)..
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek

PMR285-08
Turkey, Priene: Temple of Athena, begun in the 4th century BC, was one of the finest examples of Ionian architecture in Asia Minor.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, Greek

PMR285-02
Turkey, Ephesus: ruins of the East Gymnasium.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR285-01
Turkey, Ephesus: a well-preserved pair of caryatids.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR284-12
Turkey, Ephesus: Via Couretes, named after the Council of Priests.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR284-11
Turkey, Ephesus: Temple of Hadrian (130 AD) reconstructed with original parts.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR284-10
Turkey, Ephesus: view of the amphitheatre from the Via Arcadia.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR284-09
Turkey, Ephesus: Via Arcadia, 500-metre-long marble paved ceremonial way, which was lit after dark, leading to the (former)harbour. View from the amphitheatre.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR284-08
Turkey, Ephesus: the large amphitheatre, seating 25,000, was rebuilt on a number of occasions, but only finished in Trajan's time.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR284-06
Turkey, Izmir (Smyrna): row of Corinthian columns in the Greek agora, rebuilt by the Romans in the time of Marcus Aurelius. View with one of the entry arches in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR284-05
Turkey, Izmir (Smyrna): row of Corinthian columns in the Greek agora, rebuilt by the Romans in the time of Marcus Aurelius.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR283-11
Turkey, Pergamon: old Turkish bridge, with the Roman city wall visible on the hillside beyond.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR283-10
Turkey, Pergamon: monumental Temple of the Egyptian Divinities ("Red Hall") probably built by Hadrian in the 2nd century AD, View of the interior: the low stone walls are the remains of a Byzantine church built inside the temple. On the podium stood a colossal figure of a god, enabled to "speak" by means of a secret passage to the head.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman, oracle

PMR283-09
Turkey, Pergamon: Via Tecta, the 1-kilometre-long approach road to the Asklepieion, with the Acropolis on a hill in the background. The original, ancient, paving stones are still mostly in place.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR283-08
Turkey, Pergamon: Via Tecta, the 1-kilometre-long approach road to the Asklepieion, with the Acropolis on a hill in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR283-06
Turkey, Pergamon: the Asklepieion: ruins of the 2-storey circular treatment centre, connected by a subterranean passage with the sacred spring.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR283-05
Turkey, Pergamon: the Asklepieion: remaining Ionic columns of the northern stoa, reflected in a pool.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR283-04
Turkey, Pergamon: the Asklepieion: devoted to natural cures, this ancient "sanatorium" had its own small theatre, seating about 3,500 spectators.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR283-03
Turkey, Pergamon: the Asklepieion: the sacred spring of the Romans still has its uses.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR283-02
Turkey, Pergamon: monumental Temple of the Egyptian Divinities ("Red Hall") probably built by Hadrian in the 2nd century AD, formerly completely sheathed in marble.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-12
Turkey, Pergamon: foundations of the Great Altar, dedicated to Zeus and Athena, built by Eumenes II to commemorate his victory over the Gauls (190 BC). The altar (35 x 33 metres) was excavated between 1878 and 1886 and now forms the centrepiece of the Pergamon Museum on the Museum Island in Berlin.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR282-11
Turkey, Pergamon: remaining wall of the ancient library, built by Eumenes II, which once held 200,000 scrolls. Transferred to Egypt in 41 BC after the burning of the library at Alexandria.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR282-10
Turkey, Pergamon: amphitheatre seating 10,000, with the Temple of Dionysus in the right foreground, formerly lined with Doric columns.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-09
Turkey, Pergamon: partial view of the amphitheatre with the modern town of Bergama below.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR282-08
Turkey, Pergamon: view of the re-erected columns and pediment of the northern stoa of the Temple of Trajan, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-07
Turkey, Pergamon: columns of the northern stoa of the Temple of Trajan, built in the 2nd century AD, with columns of the eastern stoa in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-06
Turkey, Pergamon: columns of the northern stoa of the Temple of Trajan, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Roman

PMR282-03
Turkey, Gülpinar: recently discovered (1989) Temple of Apollo - unsorted fragments of ceiling, capitals, aand Latin inscriptions.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR282-02
Turkey, Gülpinar: recently discovered (1989) Temple of Apollo with the young, self-appointed guide.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage

PMR281-11
Turkey, Troy: the site consists of 9 cities (Troy I - Troy IX), built one upon the other, the oldest dating from 3200 BC. Modern version of the wooden horse standing outside the entrance to the site.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Truva

PMR281-10
Turkey, Troy: the site consists of 9 cities (Troy I - Troy IX), built one upon the other, the oldest dating from 3200 BC. Sanctuary belonging to Troy VIII close to the west gate (since walled up) where the 'wooden horse' would have been dragged into the city.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Truva

PMR281-09
Turkey, Troy: the site consists of 9 cities (Troy I - Troy IX), built one upon the other, the oldest dating from 3200 BC. City wall belonging to Troy VI (1900-1200 BC).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Truva

PMR281-08
Turkey, Troy: the site consists of 9 cities (Troy I - Troy IX), built one upon the other, the oldest dating from 3200 BC. Fragments of columns, with the remains of the small Roman theatre in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, picturesque, national heritage, Truva

PMR278-10
Hungary, Szekesfehervar: ruins of the royal basilica of Stephan I (1001-1038), the first king of Hungary.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval

PMR262-11
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate, Bernkastel: the ruined castle, Burg Landshut, on a promontary overlooking the River Mosel.
Keywords: picturesque, Rheinland-Pfalz, wine-growing, grapes, vineyards, cultivation

PMR262-04
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate, Trier: current (1988) excavations of a third Roman baths complex in the centre of the city.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, mediaeval, medieval, classical, Roman, Rheinland-Pfalz, archeological, excavations, ruin

PMR231-12
Greece, Olympia: Exedra of Herodes Attikus with twin fountains (right), and the few remaining columns of the Temple of Hera (behind).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, Olympic Games

PMR231-11
Greece, Olympia: the original Olympic Stadium, where the first games were held, in (or before) 776 BC. Only the Hellanodikai, or judges, had seats, on the podium centre right. 30-40,000 spectators found places on the grass. The track is 600 (Greek) feet long.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, Olympic Games

PMR231-10
Greece, Olympia: remains of the Bouleuterion or Olympic Senate Building, with Judas tree in full blossom.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, Olympic Games

PMR231-08
Greece, Olympia: row of columns on one side of the square Palaestra, the training area for boxing, wrestling, jumping, etc., ...
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, O...

PMR231-02
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak. Metropolis Church with Judas tree, yellow spurge and Asphodel in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument, colourful, wind flowers, spring

PMR231-01
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak. View of the Great Hall, on the first floor of the Palace of the Despots.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument

PMR230-09
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak. Ruins of the Palace of the Despots, the rulers of Byzantine Mistra, with the snow-capped Taygetos Mountains behind.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument

PMR230-08
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak. View over the Metropolis Church (ca. 1330) with adjoining museum and Bishop's Palace.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument

PMR230-07
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak. Monemvasia Gate on the left, with a view over Metropolis Church, the main church in Mistra, dating from about 1330.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument

PMR230-06
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak. yzantine Church of Agii Theodori, erected in1296 on the pattern of Dafni; the oldest church in Mistra.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument

PMR230-05
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak. View over the Byzantine Church of Afendiko, built in 1310, the largest church in Mistra.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument

PMR230-04
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak. View of the Byzantine Church of Agii Theodori with Judas tree in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument

PMR230-02
Greece: Mistra, a Byzantine town founded by the Franks in 1249, straggles up the hillside to the protecting fortress on the peak.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, heritage, monument

PMR229-12
Greece, Tiryns: possibly older than Mycenae, the acropolis at Tiryns is built from massive stones: remains of the main gate to the acropolis (compare with the lion gate at Mycenae).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR229-11
Greece, Tiryns: possibly older than Mycenae, the acropolis at Tiryns is built from massive stones: a vaulted gallery along the eastern casemates.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR229-10
Greece, Tiryns: possibly older than Mycenae, the acropolis at Tiryns is built from massive stones: a vaulted gallery along the southern casemates.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR229-06
Greece, Epidauros: the colossal amphitheatre, seating 14,000 spectators, was built at the beginning of the 3rd century BC. It possesses remarkable acoustics - a coin dropped at the centre can be clearly heard throughout the amphitheatre.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR229-03
Greece, Mycenae: the famous Lion Gate, entrance to the Acropolis, dating back to 1350-30 BC, seen from the approach, The carving of the lions in Cretan work.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR229-02
Greece, Mycenae: six royal tombs, arranged in a circle,were excavated by Heinrich Schliemann in 1876 and yielded many valuable artefacts.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR229-01
Greece, Mycenae: the famous Lion Gate, entrance to the Acropolis, dating back to 1350-30 BC, seen from above. The carving of the lions in Cretan work.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR228-10
Greece, Mycenae: entrance to the so-called Tomb of Agamemnon, a beehive-shaped chamber 13.2 metres high and 14.5 metres wide and dating back to about 1330 BC, in the Bronze Age.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR228-09
Greece, Old Corinth: view of the Agora and Temple of Apollo from the west, with the Gulf of Corinth in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR228-08
Greece, Old Corinth: overgrown basins of the Peirene Springs, with the Temple of Apollo on the hill in the background
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR228-06
Greece, Old Corinth: Temple of Apollo, one of the earliest temples known, dating from 550-525 BC.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR228-04
Greece, Corinth Canal, 6343 metres long and 23 metres wide, begun by Nero in 67 BC, but completed only in 1893.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, waterway

PMR228-03
Greece, Eleusis Museum: Greek sarcophagus with finely carved hunting scene.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR228-02
Greece, Cape Sounion: sunset over the sea, seen from the Temple of Poseidon (Neptune).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, seascape, dusk, dramatic, calm, peaceful

PMR228-01
Greece, Cape Sounion: Temple of Poseidon (Neptune), completed about 440 BC, by the same builder as the Temple of Hephaistos.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument

PMR227-06
Greece, Athens: the National Archeological Museum, the world's leading nuseum for Greek antiquities.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR227-04
Greece, Athens: Keramikos Graveyard: this dog guards the grave of Lysimachides of Acharnae. More modest gravestones in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR227-03
Greece, Athens: Keramikos Graveyard: a bull on a column marks the grave of Dionysios Kollytos (died about 345 BC).
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR227-02
Greece, Athens: remains of the courtyard of the Roman Agora, with the Propylaeum on the far side.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR227-01
Greece, Athens: Tower of the Winds, in the Roman Agora, decorated with figures representing the winds from 8 compass points. Built in the 1st century BC to contain an ingenious water clock designed by Andronikus Kyrrhestes.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR226-12
Greece, Athens: Grand Metropolis Church, prime church of the Greek Orthodox religion, completed in 1855. To its right, its predecessor, the Small Metropolis Church, diminutive by comparison, a beautifully ornamented Byzantine church dating from the 12th century.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR226-11
Greece, Athens: Stoa of Attalus, reconstructed by American archeologists between 1949 and 1953. The original was a foundation of King Attalus II of Pergamon, completed in 138 BC.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR226-10
Greece, Athens: west front of the Temple of Hephaistos (Vulcan), also called Theseion, completed in 444 BC, standing in the Greek Agora.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR226-08
Greece, Athens: view of the Acropolis from the north-west with flowering shrubs and Judas tree in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR226-07
Greece, Athens: view of the Greek Agora site, with the Stoa of Attalus, with Lykabettos Hill in the background.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR226-06
Greece, Athens: statue of the Emperor Hadrian wearing ornate cuirass, in the Greek Agora.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR226-05
Greece, Athens: Temple of Hephaistos (Vulcan), also called Theseion, completed in 444 BC, standing in the Greek Agora.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR226-01
Greece, Athens: Byzanine Church of the Apostles, built in 11th century on the site of a Roman Nympheum.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-12
Greece, Athens: students selling artefacts in front of the university, which lies between the Academy of Science and National Library.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-10
Greece, Athens: some of the figures adorning the Academy of Science on Panepistimiou (street) designed by Danish architect Theophil Hansen.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-08
Greece, Athens: statue of Ionnis Andreou Varvakis (1745-1825), a Greek hero, in the National Gardens.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-07
Greece, Athens: Zappeion, the exhibition centre, with Judas tree in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-06
Greece, Athens: Olympieion. a temple of Zeus, begun in 175 BC by Antiochos IV of Syria and completed by Hadrian in 132 AD. In the distance: the Acropolis, from the south east.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-05
Greece, Athens: Acropolis and Parthenon from the Philopappos Monument, with the Odeon of Herodes Atticus at the nearest corner. The Hill of Lykabettos in the distance.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-04
Greece, Athens: Acropolis and Parthenon from the Philopappos Monument, with the Odeon of Herodes Atticus at the nearest corner.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-03
Greece, Athens: Theatre of Dionysos from the Acropolis. It dates back to the 6th century BC but was rebuilt many times. It provided seating for about 17,000 spectators.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-02
Greece, Athens: west front of the Parthenon. It was built between 447 and 432 BC by Phydias.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR225-01
Greece, Athens: view of the Parthenon from the Propylaeum. It was built between 447 and 432 BC by Phydias.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, architecture, classical, heritage, monument, capital city

PMR224-10
Greece, Delphi: Marmaria or Sanctuary of Athena: the three remaining columns of the circular Tholos, dating from the early 4th century BC.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR224-09
Greece, Delphi: Marmaria or Sanctuary of Athena: the three remaining columns of the circular Tholos, dating from the early 4th century BC.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR224-08
Greece, Delphi: Treasure House of the Athenians, built about 480 BC, commemorates the Greek victory over the Persians at Marathon in 490 BC.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR224-07
Greece, Delphi: view of the site from the highest point, with the Temple of Apollo, Treasure House of the Athenians, and in the distance, the Gymnasion and Marmaria.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR224-06
Greece, Delphi: the Stadium, where the Delphi Games took place. 177.55 metres long, accommodating 7000 spectators, with 17 or 18 running tracks. View of the seating, starting line, and remains of the Roman Triumphal Arch.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, sport, athletics, competition

PMR224-05
Greece, Delphi: the Stadium, where the Delphi Games took place. 177.55 metres long, accommodating 7000 spectators, with 17 or 18 running tracks.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations, sport, athletics, competition

PMR224-02
Greece, Delphi: Apollo's Temple, erected between 370 and 330 BC, where the Omphalos stone (the centre of the Greek world) and the Pythia oracle were to be found.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, culture, art, Greek, masonry, ruin, archeology, excavations

PMR223-03
Greece, Thessaloniki: the Arch of Galerius, erected in 303 AD to commemorate the victory of the Roman Emperor over the Persians.
Keywords: architecture, metropolis, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage, colourful, ruin, monument, Graeco-Roman, masonry

PMR209-08
Israel, Herodion: a hilltop fortress near Bethlehem built by Herod the Great in 39 BC as a retreat and mausoleum. View from a distance - the excavations are hidden in the concave hilltop.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, fortifications, defence, picturesque, archeology, ruin, excavations

PMR209-06
Israel, Herodion: a hilltop fortress near Bethlehem built by Herod the Great in 39 BC as a retreat and mausoleum. View of the Hills of Judea from the top, with many newly planted olive trees in the foreground.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, fortifications, defence, picturesque, archeology, ruin, excavations, landscape

PMR209-04
Israel, Herodion: a hilltop fortress near Bethlehem built by Herod the Great in 39 BC as a retreat and mausoleum. In the foreground is the Great Hall of the palace, with the baths complex behind.
Keywords: historic, antiquity, tradition, culture, fortifications, defence, picturesque, archeology, ruin, excavations

PMR205-07
Israel, Negev Desert, Khirbet Qumran: ruins of the settlement of the strict Jewish sect, (probably) the Essenes, close to the caves. Occupied between 800 BC and 66 AD, but first excavated in 1951. The long room on the left may be where the Dead Sea Scrolls were written.
Keywords: desert, historic, culture, archeology

PMR203-10
Israel, Negev Desert: ruins of Avdat, a city founded in the third century BC by the Nabateans at a fork in the caravan route. View of the fortifications on Avdat's hill, taken from the roof of a ruined Roman dwelling house.
Keywords: desert, sandstone, geological, rock formations, barren, waterless, colourful, picturesque, archeology, historical

PMR203-09
Israel, Negev Desert: ruins of Avdat, a city founded in the third century BC by the Nabateans at a fork in the caravan route. Outer room of a cave-dwelling in the base of Avdat's hill, dating from Nabatean times.
Keywords: desert, sandstone, geological, rock formations, barren, waterless, colourful, picturesque, archeology, historical

PMR203-08
Israel, Negev Desert: ruins of Avdat, a city founded in the third century BC by the Nabateans at a fork in the caravan route. Inner room of a cave-dwelling in the base of Avdat's hill, dating from Nabatean times.
Keywords: desert, sandstone, geological, rock formations, barren, waterless, colourful, picturesque, archeology, historical

PMR203-07
Israel, Negev Desert: ruins of Avdat, a city founded in the third century BC by the Nabateans at a fork in the caravan route. View of the surrounding countryside from Avdat's hill, with kibbutz plantations in the foreground.
Keywords: desert, sandstone, geological, rock formations, barren, waterless, colourful, picturesque, archeology, historical

PMR203-06
Israel, Negev Desert: ruins of Avdat, a city founded in the third century BC by the Nabateans at a fork in the caravan route. Remains of the nave columns of the Byzantine Chapel of St. Theodore, with the main apse.
Keywords: desert, sandstone, geological, rock formations, barren, waterless, colourful, picturesque, archeology, historical

PMR203-05
Israel, Negev Desert: ruins of Avdat, a city founded in the third century BC by the Nabateans at a fork in the caravan route. North apse of the Byzantine Chapel of St. Theodore.
Keywords: desert, sandstone, geological, rock formations, barren, waterless, colourful, picturesque, archeology, historical

PMR104K-03
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

Frontal view of a monumental monolith of a priest, 7 metres high, from the classical period of the civilisation, in the central area of Kalasasaya. He holds two ritual containers ("kero") which held libations for the gods.
Keywords: High Andes, archeological site, historical site, archeology, excavations, Tiahuanacu

PMR104K-02
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

A monumental monolith featuring a priest, 7 metres high, with symbols inscribed on arms and shoulders from the classical period of the civilisation, in the central area of Kalasasaya.
Keywords: High Andes, archeological site, historical site, archeology, excavations, Tiahuanacu

PMR104K-01
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

The famous Puerta del Sol or Sun Gate, carved from a single block of Andesite, 2 metres high and 4 metres wide, cracked by lightning and held together with metal clamps. The central relief is Viracocha, God of Creation, head surrounded by rays of the sun.
Keywords: High Andes, Tiahuanacu, excavations, archeology, historical site, archeological site

PMR-D2918
Bahrain, Manama: Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress - insect sculptures displayed near the fortress.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2917
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. The modern museum stands in the background.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2916
Bahrain, Manama: Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress - traditional shelters of date-palm leaves provide some respite from the sun inside the fortress.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2915
Bahrain, Manama: Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress - traditional layout for extracting liquid syrup from dates, using a system of drainage channels. The dates were heaped to the roof and the juice was pressed out by their own weight.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2914
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2913
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2911
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site. Children on school visit.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2910
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site. Arched doorways.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2909
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2908
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2907
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2906
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D2905
Bahrain, Manama: newly restored Qalat al-Bahrain Fortress, also known as the Portuguese Fortress, built in 6th century AD when the area was the centre of the Dilmun civilization. However recent archeological excavations reveal that the site has been occupied since 2300 BC at least. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.
Keywords: modern architecture, oil wealth, emirate, desert city, Islam, Muslim, Arab state, Middle East, Gulf State, Sheikh, historic, ruins, ancient, antiquity

PMR-D1388
People's Republic of China, Tibet: dating from 1268, Sakya Monastery is surrounded by high defence walls with towers at each corner. Sakya was the capital of Tibet from 1268 to 1354, thanks to an alliance with the Mongol Khans. View of the northern monastery buildings, largely reduced to ruins during the Cultural Revolution, hitherto one of the largest monasteries in Tibet.
Keywords: architecture, religion, colourful, Asian, Buddhist, temples, picturesque, historical, heritage

PMR194-11
Italy, Campania, Herculaneum: the ancient Roman town, buried by pyroclastic flows during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The part of the Decumanus Maximus (main street) which has already been excavated, seen from present day ground level.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street, Ercolano

PMR194-09
Italy, Campania, Herculaneum: the ancient Roman town, buried by pyroclastic flows during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Decumanus Maximus (main street) with stone drinking trough. Some partly demolished modern houses can be seen at the present ground level.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street, Ercolano

PMR194-08
Italy, Campania, Herculaneum: the ancient Roman town, buried by pyroclastic flows during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The "Wooden Trellis House" (Casa a Graticcio) has two storeys, with portico and loggia, divided into apartments. It was built using the cheapest construction methods.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street, Ercolano

PMR194-07
Italy, Campania, Herculaneum: the ancient Roman town, buried by pyroclastic flows during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. A street (Cardine IV) which formerly led straight on to a promenade overlooking the sea, now several miles away. Unlike Pmpeii, the streets have underground sewers.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street, Ercolano

PMR193-02
Italy, Campania, Paestum: an ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia, Greek name Poseidonia, founded about 600 BC. The Greek Temple of Ceres, in reality probably dedicated to Athena, built about 500 BC. It was used as a Christian church after 313 AD.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, columns

PMR193-01
Italy, Campania, Paestum: an ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia, Greek name Poseidonia, founded about 600 BC. The Greek Temple of Hera (Juno) or "Basilica", built in about 550 BC, the oldest temple in Paestum.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, columns

PMR192-12
Italy, Campania, Paestum: an ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia, Greek name Poseidonia, founded about 600 BC. The Greek Temple of Poseidon, built in 448 BC, shortly before the Parthenon.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, columns

PMR192-11
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: the ancient Roman town , buried by ash and pumice during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. the Large Palaestra, or gymnasium, with swimming pool in the centre, measuring 35 x 22 metres.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street

PMR192-10
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: the ancient Roman town , buried by ash and pumice during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Amphitheatre, built in 80 BC.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street

PMR192-09
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: the ancient Roman town , buried by ash and pumice during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. "House of Loreius Tibertinus", a priest of the goddess Isis: fresco of Pyramus and Thisbe in the triclinium (dining room).
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street

PMR192-08
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: the ancient Roman town , buried by ash and pumice during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Via dell'Abbondanza, "House of Trebius Valens" with second storey, and the Schola Armaturarum" (reroofed), probably the centre of a military association.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street

PMR192-07
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: the ancient Roman town , buried by ash and pumice during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. "House of Obelius Firmus" dating from the Samnite age. Visible are the four large columns of the atrium, the impluvium, and the smaller columns surrounding the peristyle to the rear.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street

PMR192-06
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: the ancient Roman town , buried by ash and pumice during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Via Nola, the limit of the present excavations: on the left cultivated fields still cover a section of the town.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street

PMR192-04
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: the ancient Roman town , buried by ash and pumice during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Porta Marina - the single track of the gate widens immediately into a double track road.
Keywords: heritage, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, UNESCO, culture, classical, excavations, masonry, monument, inundation, Roman life, Roman house, Roman street

PMR192-01
Italy, Campania, Isle of Capri: Villa Iovis (Jupiter's Villa), the former palace of Tiberius, surmounting Mount Tiberius (275 metres). Some of the vaulted roofs of the halls still survive.
Keywords: heritage, Roman, ruins, archeology, architecture, historic, masonry, stonework

PMR191-12
Italy, Campania, Isle of Capri: brooms flowering in the Villa Iovis (Jupiter's Villa), the former palace of Tiberius, surmounting Mount Tiberius (275 metres). Visible for miles is the new statue of the Virgin and Child, unveiled by Pope John-Paul II after being lowered into place by a helicopter of the U.S. Forces.
Keywords: heritage, Roman, ruins, archeology, architecture, sculpture, Christian, monument, religious

PMR191-11
Italy, Campania, Isle of Capri: Villa Iovis (Jupiter's Villa), the former palace of Tiberius, surmounting Mount Tiberius (275 metres). Marina Grande lies below.
Keywords: steep, heritage, Roman, ruins, archeology, architecture, commanding view

PMR186-08
Hungary, Budapest: the excavated remains of the Roman town of Aquincum, capital of the Roman province of Pannonia Inferior in the 2nd/3rd century AD. In the background stands the museum.
Keywords: capital city, metropolis, culture, historic , heritage, ruins, archeology, excavations

PMR186-07
Hungary, Budapest: the excavated remains of the Roman town of Aquincum, capital of the Roman province of Pannonia Inferior in the 2nd/3rd century AD.
Keywords: capital city, metropolis, culture, historic , heritage, ruins, archeology, excavations

PMR179-01
Germany, Baden Wurttemberg, Neuweier: view of the vineyards with their service roads, from the Yburg Ruins in the Black Forest.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, architecture, Black Forest, Schwarzwald, traditional

PMR178-12
Germany, Baden Wurttemberg, Obertsrot: the village lies on the River Murg in the Black Forest and is overlooked by vineyards and the ruins of Schloss Eberstein.
Keywords: picturesque, colourful, historic, heritage, architecture, Black Forest, Schwarzwald, traditional

PMR146-10
Bulgaria, Nessebar: standing on a peninsula on the Black Sea coast, the ancient town has a long history. Highly ornamented ruin of a 13-14th century Byzantine church.
Keywords: architecture, heritage, culture, historic, Nesebar, UNESCO

PMR146-04
Bulgaria, Veliko Tarnovo: capital of the second Bulgarian Empire 1185-1396 (when the Turks arrived): the mighty fortification walls with guard towers. The 13th century Balduin Tower (top left) is being restored. The remains of 22 churches have been uncovered up to the present.
Keywords: capital city, architecture, heritage, culture, historic, archeology, excavations, ancient, mediaeval, ruins, City of the Tsars

PMR146-03
Bulgaria, Veliko Tarnovo: capital of the second Bulgarian Empire 1185-1396 (when the Turks arrived): the mighty fortification walls with guard towers. The remains of 22 churches have been uncovered up to the present.
Keywords: capital city, architecture, heritage, culture, historic, archeology, excavations, ancient, mediaeval, ruins, City of the Tsars

PMR146-02
Bulgaria, Veliko Tarnovo: capital of the second Bulgarian Empire 1185-1396 (when the Turks arrived): recently uncovered remains of the patrician quarter of the town on the Tsarevets Hill.
Keywords: capital city, architecture, heritage, culture, historic, archeology, excavations, ancient, mediaeval, ruins, City of the Tsars

PMR140-04
Italy, Rome: the Via Appia Antica in 1982, with original roadside statue.
Keywords: historic, heritage, archeology, classical, ruins, culture, capital city, paving, antiquity, artery

PMR140-03
Italy, Rome: the Via Appia Antica in 1982, with the grooves of Roman chariot wheels clearly visible.
Keywords: historic, heritage, archeology, classical, ruins, culture, capital city, paving, antiquity, artery

PMR140-02
Italy, Rome: the Coliseum, opened in AD 80 by Emperor Vespasian. The circumference is 1/3 of a mile.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, archeology, classical, monument, ruins, masonry, culture, capital city, UNESCO

PMR139-03
Italy, Rome: Mausoloeum of Augustus (28 BC).
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, archeology, classical, monument, ruins, masonry, culture, capital city

PMR138-07
Italy, Rome: the Arch of Titus (AD 81) in the Forum Romanum.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, UNESCO, excavations, archeology, classical, monument, ruins, masonry, culture, capital city

PMR138-05
Italy, Rome: surviving statue of one of the Vestal Virgins in the Forum Romanum.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, UNESCO, excavations, archeology, classical, monument, ruins, masonry, culture, capital city

PMR138-04
Italy, Rome, Forum Romanum: Via Sacra, with the three remaining columns of the Temple of Castor and Pollux.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, UNESCO, excavations, archeology, classical, monument, ruins, masonry, culture, capital city

PMR138-03
Italy, Rome: Forum Romanum, with the Farnese Gardens and Palatine Hill in the background and the entrance to the underground chamber containing "Lapis Niger", tombstone of Romulus in the foreground. The Arch of Titus is visible in the distance.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, palace, UNESCO, excavations, archeology, classical, monument, ruins, masonry, culture, capital city

PMR138-02
Italy, Rome: Forum Romanum, with the Farnese Gardens and Palatine Hill in the background.
Keywords: architecture, historic, heritage, palace, UNESCO, excavations, archeology, classical, monument, ruins, masonry, culture, capital city

PMR120-12
Germany, Bavaria, Wurzburg: St. Johannis' Church, built 1957, retaining part of the ruined facade of the previous Gothic-style church which was destroyed during WWII.
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, Würzburg, Franconia, historic, Romantic Road, Romantische Strasse

PMR-D2652
Turkey, Dogubayazit, Anatolia: Ishak Pasha Palace was begun in 1685 by Cholak Abdi Pasha and completed in 1784 by his son, a Kurdish chieftain, also named Ishak. The architecture is a mixture of Seljuk, Ottoman, Georgian, Persian and Armenian styles. View from the palace of the ruined Urartian fortress, rock tombs, & 16th century Ottoman mosque.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, fortifications, photogenic, minaret, landscape, cliffs

PMR-D2647
Turkey, Dogubayazit, Anatolia: Ishak Pasha Palace was begun in 1685 by Cholak Abdi Pasha and completed in 1784 by his son, a Kurdish chieftain, also named Ishak. The architecture is a mixture of Seljuk, Ottoman, Georgian, Persian and Armenian styles. View from the palace of the ruins of a fortress from Urartian era, perhaps 800 BC or older.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, fortifications, photogenic, minaret, landscape, cliffs

PMR-D2610
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. Part of the imposing defence fortifications which still survives.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2609
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. View of the site and fortifications from a neighbouring hill.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO, Soleyman

PMR-D2608
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. View of the site and fortifications from a neighbouring hill, with volcano Zendan-e Soleiman in the distance.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO, Soleyman

PMR-D2607
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. View of the site and fortifications from a neighbouring hill.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2606
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. The stream of water from the crater lake runs out in front of the fortifications.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2605
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2604
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2603
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. Part of the fire temple.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2602
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. Sagging wall with supports.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2601
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. General view.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2600
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. General view, with the conical peak of Zendan-e Soleiman (Soloman's Prison) in the distance.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO

PMR-D2599
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. The volcanic crater lake has a spring producing 90 litres of water per second, which flows out here.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, water-channel, UNESCO

PMR-D2598
Iran, Takht-e Soleiman (Soloman's Throne): lying on an isolated plain at 2152 m. this was a centre of Zoroastrianism in the 3rd century AD which survives in a ruined state. Later additions were made by the Sassanids and Ilkhanids. A Kurdish family visiting the ruins.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, Zoroaster, Zarathustra, fire temple, UNESCO, Kurd, costume

PMR-D2465
Iran, Pasargadae: begun in 546 BC the city of Pasargadae was superseded by Darius's Persepolis. Ruins of the so-called Prison of Soloman.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, archeology

PMR-D2461
Iran, Pasargadae: among the ruins of the city is this column with the trilingual inscription, "I am Cyrus, an Achaemenid" in Old Persian, Elamite and Akkadion..
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, archeology

PMR-D2445
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Central panel of the Eastern Stairway of the Apadana (unfinished). It replaced the "King's Audience" relief (see PMR-D2437)..
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2444
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak. The southern wing of the eastern stairway facade of the Apadana depicting 23 gift-bearing delegations (top left: Assagartians/Medes).
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2443
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Eastern portico of the "Hundred Column Hall" showing the King on his throne being carried in by 28 men representing the subject nations.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2442
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
A well-preserved kneeling stone horse which once supported the roof beams as a column capital.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2441
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak. Tomb of Artaxerxes III, shown saluting the "Royal Fire" with the winged "Royal Glory" & carried by 30 subjects, one from each country.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2440
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The "Gate of All Nations" from Mount Mithra (tele-shot).
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2439
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The north-eastern half of Persepolis from Mount Mithra.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2438
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The south-western half of Persepolis from Mount Mithra.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2437
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The "King's Audience" relief, standing in the Treasury. Originall it had ornamented the centre of the east stairway of the Apadana.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2436
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Portico of the "Tachara" or Palace of Darius the Great depicting the King entering with attendants bearing a sun shade behind him.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2435
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Southern portals of the "Hundred Columns Hall", with the tomb of Artaxerxes in the hillside behind.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2434
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Trilingual inscription on a portico of the Tachara: Old Persian (top), Elamite (middle) and Babylonian (bottom).
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2433
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The northern, of two tombs in the hillside, is attributed to Artaxerxes III who is shown saluting the "Royal Fire" on a high altar.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2432
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The "Tachara" or private palace of Darius the Great. View from the south-east.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2431
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The "Tachara" or private palace of Darius the Great. View from the south showing the frieze of soldiers in "Persian" uniform.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2430
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
"Gate of All Nations" and surviving columns. The one on the right has been restored.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2429
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Files of the "Immortal Guard" on the north wing of the eastern stairway to the Apadana.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2428
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The eastern stairway facade of the Apadana depicting foreign kings and dignitaries bringing tributes, including two fine rams.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2427
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The eastern stairway facade of the Apadana depicting foreign kings and dignitaries bringing tributes, including a camel.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2426
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The eastern stairway facade of the Apadana depicting foreign kings and dignitaries bringing tributes.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2425
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The ubiquitous symbolic representation of a lion attacking a bull.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2424
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Guards from various lands depicted on a wall of the Apadana.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2423
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
One of the doors to the "Hundred Column Hall" depicting a monster-slaying King.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2422
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
"Hundred Column Hall" with the tomb of Artaxerxes III on the hillside behind.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2421
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
One of the west doors to the "Hundred Column Hall".
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2420
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
The "Hundred Column Hall" - soldiers on the northern door jamb.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2419
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
A party of Iranian university graduates celebrating their graduation in a historic place.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO

PMR-D2418
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
"Gate of All Nations" from the "inside", showing the "Guardian Bulls".
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2417
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Column capital, formerly topped with kneeling horses which supported the roof.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2416
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
"Gate of All Nations" or Xerxes' Gateway, through which all visitors passed.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2415
Iran, Persepolis: Founded by Darius I in 520 BC, subsequent Achaemenid rulers added many new buildings until it was burnt to the ground by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It extended over 125 sq. km. at its peak.
Looking back at the long approach avenue, used for processions.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, religion, architecture, bas-reliefs, historic, heritage, ruins, UNESCO, archeology

PMR-D2387
Iran, Bishapur: "Shapur's City" was the capital of Shapur I (241-272 AD), one of the major Sassanid kings, and was largely built by Roman captives. Some of the surviving ruined buildings.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, architecture, archeology, Sassannian, ruins, historical, heritage, ancient, antique, religion

PMR-D2386
Iran, Bishapur: "Shapur's City" was the capital of Shapur I (241-272 AD), one of the major Sassanid kings, and was largely built by Roman captives. Some of the surviving ruined buildings.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, architecture, archeology, Sassannian, ruins, historical, heritage, ancient, antique, religion

PMR-D2385
Iran, Bishapur: "Shapur's City" was the capital of Shapur I (241-272 AD), one of the major Sassanid kings, and was largely built by Roman captives. Anahita's Temple, with pool (?) below ground level.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, architecture, archeology, Sassannian, ruins, historical, heritage, ancient, antique, religion

PMR-D2384
Iran, Bishapur: "Shapur's City" was the capital of Shapur I (241-272 AD), one of the major Sassanid kings, and was largely built by Roman captives. Some of the surviving ruined buildings.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, architecture, archeology, Sassannian, ruins, historical, heritage, ancient, antique, religion

PMR-D2383
Iran, Bishapur: "Shapur's City" was the capital of Shapur I (241-272 AD), one of the major Sassanid kings, and was largely built by Roman captives. Anahita's Temple.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, architecture, archeology, Sassannian, ruins, historical, heritage, ancient, antique, religion

PMR-D2363
Iran, Shush: site of the Palace of Darius (521 BC), built on the ruins of capital of Elam, laid waste by Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian King around 640 BC.
Here: a collection of fragments of columns etc. awaiting restoration.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, foundations, Achaemenids

PMR-D2362
Iran, Shush: site of the Palace of Darius (521 BC), built on the ruins of capital of Elam, laid waste by Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian King around 640 BC.
Here: a double-headed kneeling horse used as a column capital (aka Persepolis).
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, foundations, Achaemenids, stone-carving

PMR-D2361
Iran, Shush: site of the Palace of Darius (521 BC), built on the ruins of capital of Elam, laid waste by Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian King around 640 BC.
Here: the base of one of the columns of the Apadana is preserved.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, foundations, Achaemenids

PMR-D2360
Iran, Shush: site of the Palace of Darius (521 BC), built on the ruins of capital of Elam, laid waste by Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian King around 640 BC.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, foundations, Achaemenids

PMR-D2357
Iran, Pol-e-Dokhtar: ruins of a major bridge over the River Karcheh, built on the orders of the Sassanid King Shahpur I (242-272) by Roman prisoners of war.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, historic, heritage

PMR-D2356
Iran, Pol-e-Dokhtar: ruins of a major bridge over the River Karcheh, built on the orders of the Sassanid King Shahpur I (242-272) by Roman prisoners of war.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, historic, heritage

PMR-D2355
Iran, Pol-e-Dokhtar: ruins of a major bridge over the River Karcheh, built on the orders of the Sassanid King Shahpur I (242-272) by Roman prisoners of war.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, historic, heritage

PMR-D2354
Iran, Pol-e-Dokhtar: ruins of a major bridge over the River Karcheh, built on the orders of the Sassanid King Shahpur I (242-272) by Roman prisoners of war.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture, archeology, historic, heritage

PMR-D2341
Iran: ruined AnahitaTemple near Bisotun used by a pre-Christian cult who worshipped the Indo-Iranian cosmological figure Anahita.
Keywords: Persia, Islam, Shi-ite, Muslim, mosque, religion, architecture

PMR-D2327
Turkey, Anatolia: Güzelzu ruined fortress in north-eastern Anatolia.
Keywords: architecture, picturesque, culture, historic, heritage, fortifications, castle, ruin

PMR-D1983
Northumberland: ruins of Roman Housesteads Fort (NT)(AD 122) - granary floor supports.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1982
England, Northumberland: ruins of Roman Housesteads Fort
(National Trust), founded about 122 AD and one of 16 forts adjoining Hadrian's Wall.
Keywords: heritage, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque

PMR-D1980
Northumberland: ruins of Roman Housesteads Fort (AD 122) (NT) - the latrines.
Keywords: architecture, defence, fortifications , archeology, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage

PMR-D1979
Northumberland: ruins of Lindisfarne Priory (AD 635).
Keywords: architecture, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage

PMR-D1978
Northumberland: ruins of Lindisfarne Priory (AD 635).
Keywords: architecture, preservation, historic, culture, picturesque, heritage

PMR144K-23
Thailand, Ayuthaya (formerly the royal capital 1350-1767), Wat Phra Mahathat: ruins of a vihara, with surviving Buddha figure.
Keywords: Buddhist, national heritage, historic, religious, colourful, architecture, Siam, picturesque, temples

PMR515-09
Italy, Campania, Island of Procida: semi-ruined Castello on Terra Murata, with Cape Miseno on the mainland in the background.
Keywords: picturesque, ruin, defence, fortifications, fortress, Flegrean Islands

PMR514-11
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: one of the granite street-corner drinking fountains, with a row of shops in the background.
Keywords: volcano , Roman ruins, buried city, eruption

PMR514-10
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: reproduction of the bronze "Dancing Faun" figure in the house where it was found.
Keywords: volcano , culture, artistic, sculpture, Roman ruins, buried city, eruption

PMR514-09
Italy, Campania, Pompeii: Via di Mercurio, showing stepping stones for pedestrians to cross the sewage-laden street.
Keywords: volcano , Roman ruins, buried city, eruption

PMR514-07
Italy, Campania, Pozzuoli: the Roman amphitheatre of Flavius, one of the largest in Italy, could accommodate 40,000 spectators. Begun under Nero and completed by Vespasian (69-79 AD).
Keywords: archeology, architecture, columns , culture, historic, Roman ruins, excavations, archeological

PMR514-06
Italy, Campania, Pozzuoli: the Roman "Temple of Serapsis", actually a former colonnaded market surrounded by shops, with a small, circular temple ("tholos") in the centre.
Keywords: archeology, architecture, columns , culture, historic, Roman ruins, excavations, archeological

PMR513-03
Italy, Lombardy, Milan: built in 1386, demolished by a lightning strike on the arsenal in 1521, the main tower of Castello Sforzesco lay in ruins until the rebuilding in 1880.
Keywords: architecture, portcullis, metropolis, mediaeval, picturesque, culture, historic, national heritage

PMR506-01
Cyprus (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: view showing the extent of the Necropolis of Cellarka, where the common people of Salamis had their tombs.
Keywords: archeology, ancient civilisation, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Myceneans, Mycenean ruins

PMR505-12
Cyprus (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: packed close together, hewn out of the rock, dozens of tombs of the common people of Salamis comprise the Necropolis of Cellarka.
Keywords: archeology, Mycenean ruins, Myceneans, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, ancient civilisation

PMR505-11
Cyprus, (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: one of about 150 "Royal Tombs" dating from the 8th and 7th centuries BC discovered in 1957. Note the well faced stonework. Behind, over-roofed, is the largest tomb, number 3, a tumulus.
Keywords: archeology, ancient civilisation, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Myceneans, Mycenean ruins

PMR505-10
Cyprus (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: one of about 150 "Royal Tombs" dating from the 8th and 7th centuries BC discovered in 1957. The glass frame covers the skeletons of ritually sacrificed horses.
Keywords: archeology, ancient civilisation, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Myceneans, Mycenean ruins

PMR505-05
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: view in the lower enceinte, with the belvedere of the middle ward nearest.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR505-04
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: wild flowers in the lower enceinte, looking towards the buildings of the middle ward.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, crag, commanding view, ruined castle, fortifications

PMR505-03
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: wild flowers in the lower enceinte, looking towards the barbican.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, crag, commanding view, ruined castle, fortifications

PMR505-02
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: the lower enceinte, showing the outer wall and barbican, the main entrance.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR505-01
Cyprus (North); St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: part of the lower enceinte and corner watch tower, with Giant Fennel flower (Ferula communis).
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, crag, commanding view, ruined castle, fortifications

PMR504-12
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: Prince John's Tower, from whence this monarch's bodyguard were forced to jump in 1373, for suspected treasonous intentions!
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR504-11
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: the upper enceinte or courtyard may have been planted with useful herbs in Byzantine times.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR504-10
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: view of the village of Karmi through "the Queen's Window", where, it is said, the queen was wont to pass the time.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR504-09
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: view of the village of Karmi through a Gothic window frame in the former royal apartments.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, crag, commanding view, ruined castle, fortifications

PMR504-08
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: the remains of one of the west-facing rooms, built into the rock, with part of the coastal plain in the background.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR504-07
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: view to the north over a jumble of rocks.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR504-06
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: view to the west with the village of Karmi and the north coastal plain.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, crag, commanding view, ruined castle, fortifications

PMR504-05
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: view from the highest point, showing the approach road and Kyrenia Mountains. The level area was used by the Crusaders for jousting tournaments.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR504-04
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: view of Girne/Kyrenia, with a few blackened trees still visible from the great bush fire of 1995.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, crag, commanding view, ruined castle, fortifications

PMR504-03
Cyprus (North): St. Hilarion Castle, "a picture-book castle for elf-kings" (Rose Macaulay). Named after a seventh-century hermit, the almost impregnable site has been a monastery, a fortress and a royal palace, occupied by Crusaders, Lusignans, Byzantines, Venetians and lastly used as a Turkish retreat from EOKA attacks in 1964. Here: view of Girne/Kyrenia and the north coastal plain.
Keywords: rocky pinnacle, fortifications, ruined castle, commanding view, crag

PMR504-02
Cyprus (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: view of the palaestra of the Gymnasium from the top of the amphitheatre.
Keywords: archeology, Mycenean ruins, Myceneans, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, ancient civilisation

PMR504-01
Cyprus (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: the Roman amphitheatre dating from the reign of Augustus and seating about 15,000 persons.
Keywords: archeology, ancient civilisation, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Myceneans, Mycenean ruins

PMR503-12
Cyprus (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: the remaining columns of the colonnaded palaestra in the Gymnasium.
Keywords: archeology, Mycenean ruins, Myceneans, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, ancient civilisation

PMR503-11
Cyprus (North), Salamis: tracing its origins back to the 12th century BC, Salamis was by far the most famous and important ancient city of Cyprus. It was settled early by people from Mycenae, as may be seen from the burial customs. Greeks, Romans and Byzantines came and went, leaving much of archeological interest. Around the 7th century AD the city was abandoned after a series of Arab attacks and the silting-up of the harbour. Here: headless statues surround one of the swimming pools in the Gymnasium, dating from the Roman period.
Keywords: archeology, Mycenean ruins, Myceneans, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, ancient civilisation

PMR503-05
Cyprus (North), Gazimagusa/Famagusta: the ruined Gothic church of St Mary of Carmel stands in a military zone at present, and cannot be visited.
Keywords: Gazimagusa, architecture, ruins

PMR502-12
Cyprus (North), Gazimagusa/Famagusta: the ruins of St. George of the Latins, one of the oldest churches in Famagusta, originally part of a fortified monastery.
Keywords: Gazimagusa, ruin, church

PMR496-01
Island of Crete, Ayia Triada: view of the site (partly roofed-over) from the south east, with ruins of a Minoan house in the foreground.
Keywords: national heritage, historic, excavations, archeological, archeology

PMR495-12
Island of Crete, Ayia Triada: view of the ruins of the Minoan market place and row of stores (right) with columned portico.
Keywords: national heritage, shops, historic, excavations, archeological, archeology

PMR495-10
Island of Crete, Palace of Festos: view of the Minoan ruins from the north-west, showing the grand stairway and the central court.
Keywords: national heritage, excavations, historic, archeological, archeology, architecture

PMR495-08
Island of Crete, Falasarna: view of the site of the ruined city, founded prior to the 6th century BC; the harbour has completely disappeared..
Keywords: national heritage, historic, archeology, archeological

PMR495-07
Island of Crete, Falasarna: the stone "throne" of unknown origin on the outskirts of the ruined city, founded prior to the 6th century BC.
Keywords: national heritage, historic, archeology, archeological

PMR458-10
Austria, Dürnstein in the Wachau: vineyards below the town, overlooked by the ruins of the castle where Richard the Lionheart was allegedly imprisoned until discovered by his faithful servant, Blondel.
Keywords: mediaeval, countryside, rustical, defence, fortifications, national heritage, picturesque

PMR539-03
Slovakia, Zilina: entrance gate and former drawbridge of Strecno Castle which dates back to the early 14th century.
Keywords: defence, Sillein, fortifications, architecture, national heritage, picturesque, mediaeval, historic, ruin

PMR434-06
Poland, Gdansk: ruins of one of the huge warehouses on Speicherinsel ("Warehouse Island"). In the 17th century almost 300 such warehouses extended over more than one kilometre, connected by railway lines.
Keywords: mediaeval, Danzig, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR536-02
Syria, Palmyra: view of the Colonnaded Way and antique city from Qalaat ibn Maan Fortress. The former was built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, columns, Roman, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, panorama, landscape

PMR536-01
Syria, Palmyra: one of the best preserved tower-graves dating from the end of the first century AD, in the Valley of the Graves.
Keywords: architecture, memorial, burial, national heritage, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, Roman

PMR535-11
Syria, Palmyra: gate, through which sacrificial animals entered the courtyard of the Baal Temple which was consecrated in 32 AD.
Keywords: architecture, Roman, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, national heritage, columns

PMR535-10
Syria, Palmyra: west facade and entrance portal to the Baal Temple which was consecrated in 32 AD.
Keywords: architecture, national heritage, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, Roman

PMR535-09
Syria, Palmyra: end of the Colonnaded Way with Hadrian's Gate. The brackets on the columns originally supported statues. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-08
Syria, Palmyra: well-preserved stage of the Roman Theatre, dating from the second half of the second century AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-07
Syria, Palmyra: the monumental Tetrapylon (only one column is original granite) where the Colonnaded Way makes a change of direction of several degrees. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD. Camel and rider in the foreground, and Qalaat ibn Maan fortress in the background.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-06
Syria, Palmyra: fragment of carved vaulting, with the Colonnaded Way and fortress Qalaat ibn Maan in the background. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-05
Syria, Palmyra: remains of the colonnade on the east side of the Agora, seen through a doorway. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-04
Syria, Palmyra: middle section of the Colonnaded Way, about 300 metres long, and culminating in Hadrian's Gate. Built after the visit of the Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, picturesque, Roman, columns

PMR535-03
Syria, Palmyra: camel, with ruins and fortress as background; Qalast ibn Maan is attributed to Fakhr ed-Din (1590-1635).
Keywords: ruined city, picturesque, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert

PMR535-02
Syria, Palmyra: view of the ruins and fortress from Hotel Zenobia, with gardens in the foreground.
Keywords: desert, Muslim, Islam , ruined city, Roman, picturesque, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical

PMR533-10
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
view from the roof of theTemple of the Sun, showing the wall of the temple compound and one of the western gates. The area beyond was the residential quarter (waiting to be excavated).
Keywords: architecture, Mesopotamia, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, culture

PMR533-09
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
five, out of a row of eight, juxtaposed "evans". They are thought to be dedicated to: Marn, the sun god (largest); Marten, the moon goddess; and Bar Marin, the trinity of gods of Hatra.
Keywords: architecture, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR533-08
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
stone busts decorate the arches of the largest "evans".
Keywords: architecture, culture, artistic, stone carving, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR533-07
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
view from the temple courtyard, with loose stones for reintegration in the foreground.
Keywords: architecture, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR533-06
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
remains of one of the "evans" (arches) which was part of the Temple of the Goddess Allat.
Keywords: architecture, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR533-05
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
sculptures of camels adorned the most important gates.
Keywords: architecture, culture, artistic, stone carving, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR533-04
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
Temple of Marn and Northern Gate from the north-east.
Keywords: architecture, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR533-03
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
the Northern Gate flanks the Temple of Marn as does its pendant, the Southern Gate, both however facing east in common with all sacral buildings, as befits the worship of the sun.
Keywords: architecture, stone carving, picturesque, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR533-02
Iraq, Hatra: a great Arab city, founded in the 3rd century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture:
well-preserved Temple of Marn (the sun god), built after 80 AD, as were all the principal remaining buildings.
Keywords: architecture, classical, columns, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR531-10
Iraq, Mosul: ruins of Bash-Tapia fortified palace and all that remains of the city wall facing the River Tigris.
Keywords: architecture, defence, Muslim, Islam, Mesopotamia, natural heritage, archeology, archeological

PMR531-06
Iraq, Kalhu/Kalach (now known as "Nimrud"): refounded in 13th century BC on ancient foundations by the Assyrians, it became the seat of the royal house after Ashur:
view of the ziggurat from the entrance to the north-west palace, with oblique view of the "Lamassu" guarding the door.
Keywords: architecture, Kalach, Kalhu, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR531-05
Iraq, Kalhu/Kalach (now known as "Nimrud"): refounded in 13th century BC on ancient foundations by the Assyrians, it became the seat of the royal house after Ashur:
one of a pair of remaining winged bulls with human heads ("Lamassu") guarding the entrance to the throne room of the north-west palace.
Keywords: architecture, Mesopotamia, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, Kalhu, Kalach

PMR531-04
Iraq, Ashur/Assur: the capital of the Assyrian empire in the first millennium BC until Ashurnasirpal transferred the government to Nimrud in the 9th century BC:
three reconstructed arches, or "evans", belonging to the royal palace.
Keywords: architecture, Assur, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR531-03
Iraq, Ashur/Assur: the capital of the Assyrian empire in the first millennium BC until Ashurnasirpal transferred the government to Nimrud in the 9th century BC:
remains of the ziggurat, built of sun-baked mud bricks.
Keywords: architecture, Assur, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR529-08
Iraq, Babylon ("Bab El" = "Gate of the Gods"): probably dating from the third millennium BC, capital of southern Mesopotamia under Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC), later the greatest city of its day under Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562 BC):
excavated ruins, with the rebuilt walls of the Processional Way in the background.
Keywords: architecture, Mesopotamia, Muslim, Islam, colourful, natural heritage, archeology, archeological

PMR528-07
Iraq: Uruk, the city which succeeded Ur and was continuously inhabited from about 4000 BC until 500 AD, where the first writing system (cuneiform) was developed. The 9.5-kilometre-long city wall was built by King Gilgamesh and described in his Epic:
examples of the coloured, baked-clay cones which were pressed into the soft clay of the walls during building to form mosaic designs.
Keywords: Mesopotamia, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage, Islam, Muslim, ruined city, desert

PMR528-06
Iraq: Uruk, the city which succeeded Ur and was continuously inhabited from about 4000 BC until 500 AD, where the first writing system (cuneiform) was developed. The 9.5-kilometre-long city wall was built by King Gilgamesh and described in his Epic:
partially reconstructed temple with sanctuary well protected from outside eyes.
Keywords: Mesopotamia, desert, ruined city, Muslim, Islam, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical

PMR528-05
Iraq: Uruk, the city which succeeded Ur and was continuously inhabited from about 4000 BC until 500 AD, where the first writing system (cuneiform) was developed. The 9.5-kilometre-long city wall was built by King Gilgamesh and described in his Epic:
part of the facade of a more recent temple, decorated with blue ceramic tiles, from about 110 AD.
Keywords: Mesopotamia, desert, ruined city, Muslim, Islam, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical

PMR528-04
Iraq: Uruk, the city which succeeded Ur and was continuously inhabited from about 4000 BC until 500 AD, where the first writing system (cuneiform) was developed. The 9.5-kilometre-long city wall was built by King Gilgamesh and described in his Epic:
view of the ziggurat, built of unbaked mud bricks and thus very weathered.
Keywords: Mesopotamia, desert, ruined city, Muslim, Islam, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical

PMR528-03
Iraq: Uruk, the city which succeeded Ur and was continuously inhabited from about 4000 BC until 500 AD, where the first writing system (cuneiform) was developed. The 9.5-kilometre-long city wall was built by King Gilgamesh and described in his Epic:
view of the excavations from the ziggurat, with the desert behind stretching through Saudi Arabia.
Keywords: Mesopotamia, desert, ruined city, Muslim, Islam, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical

PMR527-12
Iraq: Ur, the oldest known large city, founded perhaps 6000 years ago, the Sumerian capital in its heyday, the third millennium BC, and according to the Bible, birthplace of Abraham as "Ur of the Chaldees":
the approach stairway to the ziggurat from the north.
Keywords: architecture, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR527-11
Iraq: Ur, the oldest known large city, founded perhaps 6000 years ago, the Sumerian capital in its heyday, the third millennium BC, and according to the Bible, birthplace of Abraham as "Ur of the Chaldees":
the partially reconstructed ziggurat from the north-west.
Keywords: architecture, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR527-10
Iraq: Ur, the oldest known large city, founded perhaps 6000 years ago, the Sumerian capital in its heyday, the third millennium BC, and according to the Bible, birthplace of Abraham as "Ur of the Chaldees":
a reconstructed house (without roof) in the residential quarter, known as "Abraham's House".
Keywords: architecture, Mesopotamia, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage

PMR527-09
Iraq: Ur, the oldest known large city, founded perhaps 6000 years ago, the Sumerian capital in its heyday, the third millennium BC, and according to the Bible, birthplace of Abraham as "Ur of the Chaldees":
western corner of Ekhursag of Ur-Nammu, excavated by Sir Leonard Woolley between 1922 and 1934.
Keywords: architecture, walls, foundations, Mesopotamia, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage

PMR527-08
Iraq: Ur, the oldest known large city, founded perhaps 6000 years ago, the Sumerian capital in its heyday, the third millennium BC, and according to the Bible, birthplace of Abraham as "Ur of the Chaldees":
the remaining walls of Ekhursag palace/shrine showing the bitumen used as mortar, with the ziggurat in the background.
Keywords: architecture, bricks, Mesopotamia, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage

PMR527-07
Iraq: Ur, the oldest known large city, founded perhaps 6000 years ago, the Sumerian capital in its heyday, the third millennium BC, and according to the Bible, birthplace of Abraham as "Ur of the Chaldees":
a surviving arched doorway.
Keywords: architecture, Mesopotamia, ruined city, desert, historical, archeological, archeology, natural heritage

PMR527-06
Iraq: Ur, the oldest known large city, founded perhaps 6000 years ago, the Sumerian capital in its heyday, the third millennium BC, and according to the Bible, birthplace of Abraham as "Ur of the Chaldees":
view to the east from the ziggurat with the foundations of Ekhursag palace/shrine, and the Euphrates in the far distance.
Keywords: architecture, natural heritage, archeology, archeological, historical, desert, ruined city, Mesopotamia

PMR527-01
Iraq, Ctesiphon: the ruins of this city, 30 kilometres northwest of Baghdad, date back to the 2nd century BC, but include this enormous vaulted roof, or "evan", 37 metres high and 25.5 metres wide, built without scaffolding in the third century AD. It is the largest vault known to antiquity. View from the side, showing the leaning facade, saved by a buttress. The subsidence is due to the high water table in this area.
Keywords: architecture, Mesopotamia, historic, archeological, archeology, Muslim, Islam, natural heritage

PMR526-12
Iraq, Ctesiphon: the ruins of this city, 30 kilometres northwest of Baghdad, date back to the 2nd century BC, but include this enormous vaulted roof, or "evan", 37 metres high and 25.5 metres wide, built without scaffolding in the third century AD. It is the largest vault known to antiquity. The arch reflected in a pool of water.
Keywords: Muslim, archeological, archeology, historic, architecture, picturesque, natural heritage, Islam, Mesopotamia

PMR526-11
Iraq, Ctesiphon: the ruins of this city, 30 kilometres northwest of Baghdad, date back to the 2nd century BC, but include this enormous vaulted roof, or "evan", 37 metres high and 25.5 metres wide, built without scaffolding in the third century AD. It is the largest vault known to antiquity.
Keywords: architecture, Mesopotamia, natural heritage, Islam, Muslim, historic, Archeology, archeological

PMR516-02
Italy, Campania, Flegrean Fields (Campi Flegri): Lake Avernus, in a volcanic crater, was regarded by the ancients as the entrance to the underworld because it has no visible outlet. On the far shore stands the ruin of the "Temple of Apollo", built under the Emperor Hadrian.
Keywords: landscape, myths, volcanic, picturesque

PMR141K-35
Germany, Bavaria, Lauf an der Pegnitz: tower of the ruined Sankt-Leonhards-Kirche (St. Leonards Church).
Keywords: mediaeval, autumn colours, reflections, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR140K-14
Greece, Island of Kos: ancient wagon tracks on the Roman road, with the ruins of the Thermae (baths) on the left.
Keywords: Greek Isles, archeology, Greek Orthodox Church, yachts, colourful, picturesque, Ionian Islands, Dodecanese, Helenic, Hellas, island hopping

PMR130K-09
Holland, South Limburg, Valkenburg: Berkelpoort medieval city gate, with ruined castle on the hill in the background.
Keywords: historic, mediaeval, architecture, national heritage, picturesque

PMR124K-31
Germany, Saxony, Bautzen: ruins of the Nikolai Church (1444) destroyed during the 30-years-war.
Keywords: East Germany, "capital" of Oberlausitz, national heritage, historic, architecture, picturesque

PMR118K-32
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia, was originally the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. The Roman Temple of Hercules (2nd century AD) on the Citadel (Jebel Al Qala'a).
Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia

PMR118K-31
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia, was originally the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Modern sculptures and a classical column on the Citadel, with the modern city behind.
Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia

PMR118K-30
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia, was originally the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC. Shops and the sprawl of the modern city of 2.5 million inhabitants, seen from the Citadel.
Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia

PMR118K-29
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. A huge Jordanian flag, seen from the Citadel. Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC.
Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, Islam, Islamic, capital city, metropolis, architecture, Roman architecture, Philadelphia

PMR118K-28
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. The Umayyad Palace, built on the Citadel Hill about 720 AD, showing the domed Audience Hall. Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC.
Keywords: Muslim, Philadelphia, Roman architecture, architecture, metropolis, capital city, Islamic, Islam, ruins, archeological excavations

PMR118K-27
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. The scant remains of the Temple of Hercules (2nd century AD) on the Citadel (Jebel Al Qala'a). Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC.
Keywords: Muslim, Philadelphia, Roman architecture, architecture, metropolis, capital city, Islamic, Islam, ruins, archeological excavations

PMR118K-26
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. View of the Roman Theatre and Hashemite Square (due for redevelopment), from the Citadel. Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC.
Keywords: Muslim, Philadelphia, Roman architecture, architecture, metropolis, capital city, Islamic, Islam, ruins, archeological excavations

PMR118K-25
Jordan: Amman, built on the site of the Roman city of Philadelphia. The restored Roman Theatre, built about 150 AD, seats 6000 spectators. View from the Citadel. Amman was the Ammonite city of "Rabbath-Ammon" in the 13th century BC.
Keywords: Muslim, Philadelphia, Roman architecture, architecture, metropolis, capital city, Islamic, Islam, ruins, archeological excavations

PMR118K-24
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). House doorway in the derelict Ottoman village, with Hercules' club carved into the basalt lintel.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city, Gadara

PMR118K-23
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). Courtyard in Beit Russan, a former Ottoman residence, now a museum with a fine sarcophagus on display.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Gadara, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, archeological site

PMR118K-22
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). Masses of yellow daisies, with the Yarmouk Valley and southern Golan Heights behind.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city, Gadara

PMR118K-21
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). Carpet of flowers, with ruined Nymphaeum (2nd century AD), and Lake Tiberius in the distance.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city, Gadara

PMR118K-20
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). The black basalt Theatre, built in the 2nd century AD, commands a spectacular view of the countryside.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city, Gadara

PMR118K-19
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). Colonnaded courtyard on the terrace, with basalt, marble and limestone Corinthian columns.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Gadara, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, archeological site

PMR118K-18
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). Paved street with a row of 2nd-century stone shops under the Basilica Terrace.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city, Gadara

PMR118K-17
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). View of the Yarmouk Valley and southern Golan Heights on the Israeli side.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city, Gadara

PMR118K-16
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). Palestinian exiles can view their homeland in Israel from this raised lookout platform.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city, Gadara

PMR118K-15
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). The Decumanus Maximus paving has survived the centuries, but the buildings are in need of restoration.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city, Gadara

PMR118K-14
Jordan: Umm Qais, in the north of the country, dates back to the 7th century BC, and was formerly called "Gadara" (cf. the "Gadarene Swine" of the Bible). A group of Jordanian archeology students, all equipped with digital cameras and mobile phones.
Keywords: Roman architecture, pretty girls, girl students, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR118K-12
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: South Theatre with reconstructed stage, was built between 90-92 AD, and seats 3000+ spectators.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-11
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Bedouin musicians with drums and bagpipes demonstrate the acoustics of the South Theatre.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-10
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The spacious Oval Plaza, 90 x 80 metres, is surrounded by a colonnade of 1st -century Ionic columns.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-09
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: South Decumanus runs east to a 73-metre bridge, beyond which it is buried under the modern city.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR118K-08
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: A remarkable, reconstructed, water-powered saw for cutting stone, originally built in the 6th century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, mechanised tools, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR118K-07
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: North Theatre, with the North Tetrapylon, Cardo Maximus, and modern city of Jerash in the background.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-05
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The North Gate, built in 115 AD, marks the end of the city and start of the road to Pella.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-04
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: North Gate and Cardo Maximus with Ionic columns, from within the North Tetrapylon.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-03
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Beautifully carved fallen architrave - waiting for possible re-erection?
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-02
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Row of Corinthian columns with wild Hollyhock (Alcea pallida) in the foreground.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR118K-01
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Roman legionnaires of the VI Legion lined up after performing in the Hippodrome, which originally seated 15,000 people and was built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-36
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Final line-up of the participants in the spectacle in the Hippodrome, which originally seated 15,000 people, and was built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-35
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Closer view of a chariot in the straight during a race in the Hippodrome, which originally seated 15,000 people, and was built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-34
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Three chariots thundering down the straight during a race in the Hippodrome, which originally seated 15,000 people, and was built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-33
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Three chariots taking the corner during a race in the Hippodrome, which originally seated 15,000 people, and was built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR117K-32
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The culmination of a simulated gladiatorial combat in the Hippodrome, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-31
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: A group of Roman legionnaires demonstrating the defensive "box" formation created with their shields in the Hippodrome, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR117K-30
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: A group of legionnaires of the VI Legion demonstrating drill procedures in the Hippodrome, built in the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR117K-29
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Part of the Tetrapylon which marked the crossing of the Cardo Maximus and the South Decumanus.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-28
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The octagonal Macellum (food market), built in 130 AD, surrounded by columns, with a fountain in the centre.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-26
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The 800-metre-long Cardo Maximus still bears the tracks of ancient wagons near the Macellum entrance.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-25
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The Cardo Maximus, the main columned way, had pedestrian sidewalks and underground sewers.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-24
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: Temple of Zeus, built in 162 AD on the site of earlier religious buildings, dominates the Oval Plaza.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-23
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The South Gate of the city, built about 130 AD, whose columns are decorated with acanthus leaves.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-22
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: An authentic-looking legionnaire of the Roman VI Legion.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR117K-21
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: The Triumphal Arch, erected to mark the visit of Emperor Hadrian in 129 AD, is under constant restoration.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR116K-28
Jordan, Aqaba: view of Aqaba Fort with minaret of the neighbouring mosque beyond.
Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, palm trees, bathing beach, Islam, mediaeval, coast, desert town, Gulf of Aqaba

PMR116K-27
Jordan, Aqaba: the surviving adobe walls of a late 3rd century church, said to be the oldest purpose-built church in the world.
Keywords: Muslim, archeological excavations, ruins, palm trees, bathing beach, Islam, mediaeval, coast, desert town, Gulf of Aqaba

PMR116K-26
Jordan, Aqaba: the main street of the mediaeval town of Ayla, the forerunner of Aqaba, which has recently been excavated, from the Egyptian Gate.
Keywords: Muslim, Gulf of Aqaba, desert town, coast, mediaeval, Islam, bathing beach, palm trees, ruins, archeological excavations

PMR116K-25
Jordan, Aqaba: the Egyptian Gate of the mediaeval town of Ayla, the forerunner of Aqaba, which has recently been excavated.
Keywords: Muslim, Gulf of Aqaba, desert town, coast, mediaeval, Islam, bathing beach, palm trees, ruins, archeological excavations

PMR116K-22
Jordan, Aqaba: the Flagpole, in the middle of a plaza, is said to be the tallest unsupported flagstaff in the world. In the foreground is the Mamluk-built Aqaba Fort, built about 1510.
Keywords: Muslim, Gulf of Aqaba, desert town, coast, Islam, palm trees, ruins, archeological excavations

PMR114K-18
Cyprus, Kourion (Curium): the Roman city was destroyed in an earthquake in 365 AD. Roman mosaic of gladiatorial combat in the "House of the Gladiators".
Keywords: ruins, architecture, Byzantine, historical, Kurium, Kourion, Curium, Roman remains, archeological excavations

PMR114K-17
Cyprus, Kourion (Curium): the Roman city was destroyed in an earthquake in 365 AD. Roman mosaic of gladiatorial combat in the "House of the Gladiators".
Keywords: ruins, archeological excavations, Roman remains, Curium, Kourion, Kurium, historical, Byzantine, architecture

PMR114K-16
Cyprus, Kourion (Curium): the Roman city was destroyed in an earthquake in 365 AD. Exposed underfloor heating system (hypocaust) of the Roman Baths.
Keywords: ruins, archeological excavations, Roman remains, Curium, Kourion, Kurium, historical, Byzantine, architecture

PMR114K-15
Cyprus, Kourion (Curium): the Roman city was destroyed in an earthquake in 365 AD. Part of the Baptistry, adjacent to the Basilica, probably of a slightly later date (5th century AD).
Keywords: ruins, archeological excavations, Curium, Kourion, Kurium, historical, Byzantine, architecture

PMR114K-14
Cyprus, Kourion (Curium): the Roman city was destroyed in an earthquake in 365 AD. Part of the 5th century Episcopal Basilica (Byzantine) in the western part of the site.
Keywords: ruins, archeological excavations, Curium, Kourion, Kurium, historical, Byzantine, architecture

PMR114K-13
Cyprus, Kourion (Curium): the Roman city was destroyed in an earthquake in 365 AD. Mosaic of Ktisis, the Spirit of Creation, holding a rule, in the House of Eustolios.
Keywords: ruins, architecture, Byzantine, historical, Kurium, Kourion, Curium, Roman remains, archeological excavations

PMR114K-12
Cyprus, Kourion (Curium): the Roman city was destroyed in an earthquake in 365 AD. wide-span roofing protects the House of Eustolios, a 4th century Roman Villa.
Keywords: ruins, archeological excavations, Roman remains, Curium, Kourion, Kurium, historical, Byzantine, architecture

PMR114K-11
Cyprus, Kourion (Curium): the Roman city was destroyed in an earthquake in 365 AD. The 2nd century AD Roman Theatre.
Keywords: ruins, archeological excavations, Roman remains, Curium, Kourion, Kurium, historical, Byzantine, architecture

PMR114K-10
Cyprus, Palea Paphos (Old Paphos): recently excavated remains of a Byzantine (?) building.
Keywords: archeological excavations, architecture, mediaeval, ruins

PMR114K-09
Cyprus, Palea Paphos (Old Paphos): part of the original walls of the Bronze Age Sanctuary of Aphrodite.
Keywords: archeological excavations, ruins, Bronze age, prehistoric

PMR110K-08
Austria, Tyrol, Scharnitz: ruined fortifications of the "Porta Claudia" erected by the Archduchess Claudia de Medici in 1633 on a steep mountainside, to keep the Bavarians out of Tyrol.
Keywords: alpine, national heritage, historical, ruins, picturesque, alpine scenery, Alps, mountain range

PMR106K-19
Peru, Cusco, Pisac: In the vicinity of Pisac and the "Sacred Valley" a number of important Inca sites are to be found.

View of the lower ruins (Pisaqa) with terraces down the side of the Sacred Valley and surrounding mountains.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Urubamba Valley

PMR106K-16
Peru, Cusco, Pisac: In the vicinity of Pisac and the "Sacred Valley" a number of important Inca sites are to be found.

Ruins of an Inca Gate, on the path up to the Sun Temple (Intihuatana).
Keywords: High Andes, Urubamba Valley, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR106K-13
Peru, Cusco, Pisac: In the vicinity of Pisac and the "Sacred Valley" a number of important Inca sites are to be found.

The ruins of Q'allaqasa (the citadel), the highest of the ruins at Pisac, which are currently under restoration (March 2009).
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Urubamba Valley, fortifications, fort

PMR106K-11
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the entire site from the "watchman's post", in sunshine.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR106K-10
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

The lowest part of the path to the Sun Gate, passing through agricultural terraces. The "watchman's post" on the horizon.
Keywords: High Andes, historic site, Quechua, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR106K-09
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the sacred mountain, Huayna Picchu, from the path to the Sun Gate.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR106K-08
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the Urubamba River, the Hiram Bingham Highway and the surrounding mountains.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR106K-07
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

The Sun Gate ("Intipuncu") from where the "Inca Trail" leads to Cusco.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR106K-06
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

The River Urubamba from the Inca Trail. The mountain which it encloses was considered sacred by the Incas.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR106K-05
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the entire site from the Inca Trail, leading to the Sun Gate.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR106K-04
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

The River Urubamba and the access road (Hiram Bingham Highway), winding up to the site in a series of hairpin bends. Buses bring visitors up this road from the railway terminus, Aguas Calientes.
Keywords: High Andes, historic site, Quechua, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR106K-03
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the site from the "Inca Trail" up to the Sun Gate.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR106K-02
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

The River Urubamba, which forms a loop around the Inca city, aiding its defence.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR106K-01
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ritual stone on the top of the "Intiwatana" pyramid.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR105K-36
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

More than sufficient food for the whole community could be grown on these terraces.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR105K-35
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

A street with dwelling houses, which were not constructed with cut stones like the religious buildings.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR105K-34
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

"Intiwatana", a flat-topped, terraced pyramid (centre) where astronomical measurements were made ("inti" = sun).
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR105K-33
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

The entrance gate from the inside, showing the sockets either side for securing the crossbar.
Keywords: High Andes, historic site, Quechua, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR105K-32
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

This doorway was the only entrance to the city and could easily be defended.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR105K-31
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the residential area. The houses were formerly roofed with tree trunks and straw.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Quechua, historic site

PMR105K-30
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

General view of the site from the "watchman's post", with the sacred mountain Huayna Picchu behind.
Keywords: High Andes, historic site, Quechua, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR105K-19
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.

View showing all three levels of the walls, one above the other.
Keywords: High Andes, Saksaq Waman, Cuzco, Qosqo, La Ciudad Imperial, The Imperial City, Historical Capital of Peru, colonial architecture, architecture

PMR105K-18
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.

View of Chuquipampa levelled area. Used by the Spanish as a stone quarry for hundreds of years.
Keywords: High Andes, architecture, colonial architecture, Historical Capital of Peru, The Imperial City, La Ciudad Imperial, Qosqo, Cuzco, Saksaq Waman

PMR105K-17
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.

View of a precisely built doorway, tapered towards the top in order to resist (successfully!) earthquakes.
Keywords: High Andes, architecture, colonial architecture, Historical Capital of Peru, The Imperial City, La Ciudad Imperial, Qosqo, Cuzco, Saksaq Waman

PMR105K-16
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.

View of the steps, leading up to the passage between two of the parallel walls.
Keywords: High Andes, architecture, colonial architecture, Historical Capital of Peru, The Imperial City, La Ciudad Imperial, Qosqo, Cuzco, Saksaq Waman

PMR105K-15
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.

View of a relatively intact portion of the lower wall.
Keywords: High Andes, architecture, colonial architecture, Historical Capital of Peru, The Imperial City, La Ciudad Imperial, Qosqo, Cuzco, Saksaq Waman

PMR105K-14
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.

View of the monolithic corner stones.
Keywords: High Andes, Saksaq Waman, Cuzco, Qosqo, La Ciudad Imperial, The Imperial City, Historical Capital of Peru, colonial architecture, architecture

PMR105K-13
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.

View of the stones comprising the lower wall.
Keywords: High Andes, architecture, colonial architecture, Historical Capital of Peru, The Imperial City, La Ciudad Imperial, Qosqo, Cuzco, Saksaq Waman

PMR105K-12
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.

View of the walls from the flat, flower-strewn, central area.
Keywords: High Andes, architecture, colonial architecture, Historical Capital of Peru, The Imperial City, La Ciudad Imperial, Qosqo, Cuzco, Saksaq Waman

PMR104K-10
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

Reconstructed base and steps of the Akapana man-made pyramid.
Keywords: High Andes, Tiahuanacu, excavations, archeology, historical site, archeological site

PMR104K-09
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

View of the entire Kalasasaya area from the top of the Akapana Pyramid.
Keywords: High Andes, Tiahuanacu, excavations, archeology, historical site, archeological site

PMR104K-08
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

The walls of the Kalasasaya, incorporating standing stones at regular intervals. (partially reconstructed)
Keywords: High Andes, Tiahuanacu, excavations, archeology, historical site, archeological site

PMR104K-07
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

Cornerstone of the rectangular walls of the Kalasasaya. (partially reconstructed)
Keywords: High Andes, Tiahuanacu, excavations, archeology, historical site, archeological site

PMR104K-06
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

The inside walls of the semi-subterranean temple are studded with 175 carved stone heads, all different.
Keywords: High Andes, archeological site, historical site, archeology, excavations, Tiahuanacu

PMR104K-05
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

At the equinoxes the sun's rays shone through the main entrance to the Kalasasaya, on to the priest monolith. In the foreground the semi-subterranean temple.
Keywords: High Andes, Tiahuanacu, excavations, archeology, historical site, archeological site

PMR104K-04
Bolivia, Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco: Ruins of the capital city of a great civilisation, dating back to 1500 BC, but becoming a centre of culture only about 300 BC. After about 400 AD the empire expanded to take in large parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia and Chile on the west coast. Their success was based on highly effective agricultural innovation. In about 1000 AD the civilisation was virtually wiped out by continuing drought, the remnants being incorporated into the Inca empire around 1450 AD. These people had no written language and their name is unknown.

One of the remarkable walls of the "Temple of Standing Stones" or "Kalasasaya". (partially reconstructed)
Keywords: High Andes, Tiahuanacu, excavations, archeology, historical site, archeological site

PMR099K-36
Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, who were forcibly relocated to Buenos Aires in 1667. The settlement comprised about 5000 members of the Diaguita tribe. View from below. These people had no writing, but made patterns and signs with embedded white stones.
Keywords: excavations, archeology, settlement, community, indigenous people

PMR099K-35
Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, who were forcibly relocated to Buenos Aires in 1667. The settlement comprised about 5000 members of the Diaguita tribe. General view of the site and the Calchaquíes valley beyond.
Keywords: excavations, indigenous people, community, settlement, archeology

PMR099K-34
Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, who were forcibly relocated to Buenos Aires in 1667. The settlement comprised about 5000 members of the Diaguita tribe. General view of the site and the Calchaquíes valley beyond.
Keywords: excavations, indigenous people, community, settlement, archeology

PMR099K-33
Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, who were forcibly relocated to Buenos Aires in 1667. The settlement comprised about 5000 members of the Diaguita tribe.
Keywords: excavations, archeology, settlement, community, indigenous people

PMR095K-09
Libya: a ruined Roman fort standing on a hill at Gariyat. The main gate of the fort and the square. Most of the remaining walls are Byzantine or later.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Byzantine architecture, Maghreb, fortress, fortifications, castle, desert, barren, isolated

PMR095K-07
Libya: a ruined Roman fort standing on a hill at Gariyat. A mud-walled oven in the courtyard.
Keywords: Roman architecture, castle, fortifications, fortress, Maghreb, Byzantine architecture

PMR095K-06
Libya: a ruined Roman fort standing on a hill at Gariyat. View of the plain through the breached Byzantine wall.
Keywords: Roman architecture, castle, fortifications, fortress, Maghreb, Byzantine architecture

PMR095K-05
Libya: a ruined Roman fort standing on a hill at Gariyat. View of the plains and the dried-out water course from the fort.
Keywords: Roman architecture, barren, desert, castle, fortifications, fortress, Maghreb, Byzantine architecture

PMR094K-31
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: view of the theatre, with stage, orchestra pit, and seating (the first three rows reserved for VIPs).
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations

PMR094K-30
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: oblique view of the three tiers of Corinthian columns providing a backing for the theatre stage.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations

PMR094K-29
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: the large stone dolphin at the right of the stage, with carvings of The Three Graces, and The Judgement of Paris.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR094K-28
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: the central concave niche of the theatre-stage, showing personifications of Rome and Sabratha as well as military figure.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations

PMR094K-27
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: view of the restored theatre (second century AD) from the north, the largest theatre in Africa.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations

PMR094K-26
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: view of the restored theatre (second century AD) from the north, the largest theatre in Africa.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations

PMR094K-25
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: beautifully carved headless torso of a female figure.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR094K-24
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: the Curia (Senate House), with wide steps for the chairs of the magistrates.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR094K-23
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: beautifully carved (and preserved) Acanthus leaves on a doorway surround.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations

PMR094K-22
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. Here: an early Christian gravestone for "Marcella".
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR094K-21
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. General view of the Roman city, showing its fine location next to the sea.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR094K-20
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982.
Here: the 24-metre-tall reconstructed Mausoleum of Bes, a rare example of Punic (pre Roman) architecture. It stands on the site of an underground funerary chamber dating from the 2nd century BC.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR094K-19
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982.
Here: the 24-metre-tall reconstructed Mausoleum of Bes, a rare example of Punic (pre Roman) architecture, showing the convex, triangular form, and the protecting lions.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR094K-18
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its peak under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982.
Here: the 24-metre-tall reconstructed Mausoleum of Bes, a rare example of Punic (pre Roman) architecture. It stands on the site of an underground funerary chamber dating from the 2nd century BC.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR093K-04
Turkey, Gallipoli Peninsula, Cape Helles: ruined artillery emplacement with barrel of gun, overlooking the Dardanelles Straits.
Keywords: First World War, Dardanelles Campaign, ANZAC, 25th April 1915, Allied landings, Battlefields, Military Cemeteries, Military Graves, Memorials, WWI Battlefields, Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal

PMR092K-11
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: the Roman amphitheatre, built by the Emperor Hadrian on a hill in the middle of the town, now restored with 20 rows of Prilep marble seats.
Keywords: Byzantine, mosaics, archeological excavations, Byzantine ruins, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, Christian, historic, national heritage, Yugoslavia

PMR092K-10
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: the three panels with fish motifs on the front of the town fountain.
Keywords: Byzantine, Yugoslavia, national heritage, historic, Christian, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Byzantine ruins, archeological excavations, mosaics

PMR092K-09
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: an almost complete mosaic of a red deer surrounded by plaited-work.
Keywords: Byzantine, Yugoslavia, national heritage, historic, Christian, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Byzantine ruins, archeological excavations, mosaics

PMR092K-08
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: part of the mosaic in the Large Basilica, showing a lion and a bull. Part of this mosaic appears on the reverse side of the Macedonian 5000 denari banknote issued in 1996.
Keywords: Byzantine, Yugoslavia, national heritage, historic, Christian, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Byzantine ruins, archeological excavations, mosaics

PMR092K-07
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: a well-preserved mosaic depicting two red deer and a fountain.
Keywords: Byzantine, Yugoslavia, national heritage, historic, Christian, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Byzantine ruins, archeological excavations, mosaics

PMR092K-06
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: statue of Nemesis in the courthouse, with head and hand missing.
Keywords: Byzantine, mosaics, archeological excavations, Byzantine ruins, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, Christian, historic, national heritage, Yugoslavia

PMR092K-05
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: the hypocaust and underfloor heat circulation system of the baths.
Keywords: Byzantine, mosaics, archeological excavations, Byzantine ruins, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, Christian, historic, national heritage, Yugoslavia

PMR092K-04
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: general view of the ruins, with the baths (left) and the courthouse (right).
Keywords: Byzantine, mosaics, archeological excavations, Byzantine ruins, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, Christian, historic, national heritage, Yugoslavia

PMR092K-03
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: part of a well-preserved mosaic composed of geometrical patterns.
Keywords: Byzantine, Yugoslavia, national heritage, historic, Christian, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Byzantine ruins, archeological excavations, mosaics

PMR092K-02
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: a mosaic with illustrations of a variety of different birds amid geometrical patterns.
Keywords: Byzantine, mosaics, archeological excavations, Byzantine ruins, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, Christian, historic, national heritage, Yugoslavia

PMR092K-01
Macedonia, Bitola: the ruins of Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek town probably founded by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC as Lynkestis. During the Roman period it was an important town on the Via Egnatia. In the Byzantine period the town was an important episcopal centre, but was sacked by Ostrogoth/Visigoth forces led by Theodoric the Great in 472 and 479 AD. In the 6th century AD it fell to the Slavs after successive attacks. Here: part of the "small" Basilica with its mosaic floor.
Keywords: Byzantine, Yugoslavia, national heritage, historic, Christian, Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Byzantine ruins, archeological excavations, mosaics

PMR091K-10
Macedonia, Skopje: the ruins of Skupi, a Roman colony founded by Domitian between 81 and 96 AD, but abandoned in 518 AD after an earthquake completely destroyed the city.
Keywords: historic, archeology, excavation, Yugoslavia, national heritage

PMR090K-20
Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1466. Equestrian statue of national hero Skanderbeg (Gjergi Kastrioti, 1405-1466).
Keywords: Shqiperia, monument, Kruje, fortifications, ruined fortress, citadel

PMR090K-19
Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. The old restored bazaar in a cobbled street below the fortress has an excellent selection of reasonably-priced textiles and antiques.
Keywords: Shqiperia, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje

PMR090K-18
Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. The old restored bazaar in a cobbled street below the fortress, with the minaret of the mosque in the background.
Keywords: Shqiperia, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje

PMR090K-17
Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. The Skanderbeg Museum, within the fortress walls, designed by the daughter and son-in.law of Enver Hoxha.
Keywords: Shqiperia, Kruje, fortifications, ruined fortress, citadel

PMR090K-16
Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. The last remaining watchtower (restored).
Keywords: Shqiperia, Kruje, fortifications, ruined fortress, citadel

PMR089K-33
Albania, Durres: excavations proceeding in the ruins of Roman "Dyrrachium", originally founded by Greek colonists in 627 BC.
Keywords: Shqiperia, Roman architecture, archeology, excavations, architecture

PMR087K-11
Croatia, Dalmatia, Solin: ruins of the ancient town of Salona, capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, inhabited until 614 AD when it was taken by barbarians. Here: a beautifully carved sarcophagus cover, just unearthed.
Keywords: Roman ruins, Yugoslavia, national heritage, historic, excavations, archeology, Roman architecture

PMR087K-10
Croatia, Dalmatia, Solin: ruins of the ancient town of Salona, capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, inhabited until 614 AD when it was taken by barbarians. General view of the ruins with the town basilica discernible at the rear.
Keywords: Roman ruins, Roman architecture, archeology, excavations, historic, national heritage, Yugoslavia

PMR087K-09
Croatia, Dalmatia, Solin: ruins of the ancient town of Salona, capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, inhabited until 614 AD when it was taken by barbarians. The amphitheatre, dating from the 2nd century AD.
Keywords: Roman ruins, Roman architecture, archeology, excavations, historic, national heritage, Yugoslavia

PMR081K-23
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. The lower storey of a substantial Roman house.
Keywords: picturesque, archeological site, architecture, heritage, historic, Maghreb

PMR081K-22
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. The Mausoleum of Ateban (2nd century BC), the only pre-Roman (Numidian-Punic) building in Tunisia.
Keywords: picturesque, Maghreb, historic, heritage, architecture, Numidian, archeological site, Numidian architecture, Punic architecture, pre-Roman architecture

PMR081K-21
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. Corinthian columns and the Tympanum of the Capitol, a temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, built in 166 or 167 AD. View from the Forum (market place) against a foreboding sky.
Keywords: picturesque, archeological site, Numidian, architecture, heritage, historic, Maghreb, classical architecture

PMR081K-20
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. Corinthian columns and the Tympanum of the Capitol, showing a figure being raised by an eagle. The temple was dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva and was built in 166 or 167 AD.
Keywords: picturesque, archeological site, Numidian, architecture, heritage, historic, Maghreb

PMR081K-19
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. Two of the Ain-el-Hammam water cisterns, each 33 metres long by 5 metres high, supplied by a 12-kilometre-long aqueduct.
Keywords: picturesque, water supply, archeological site, Numidian, architecture, heritage, historic, Maghreb

PMR081K-18
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. The superb Capitol, a temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, was built in 166 or 167 AD.
Keywords: picturesque, entablature, Corinthian columns, classical architecture, archeological site, Numidian, architecture, heritage, historic, Maghreb, tympanum

PMR081K-17
Tunisia: Dougga, Ruins of the city "Thugga", founded in the 4th century BC by Numidians, becoming Roman in the 2nd century AD, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the best preserved Roman city in Africa. The mosaic floor of a Roman villa, still in situ, scarcely damaged.
Keywords: picturesque, Maghreb, historic, heritage, architecture, Numidian, archeological site

PMR081K-13
Tunisia, Carthage: Part of the ruins of the Roman Thermae (Baths) of Antoninus Pius.
Keywords: picturesque, heritage, historic, Maghreb, Carthago, architecture

PMR081K-05
Tunisia, Monastir: View of the yacht harbour from the walls of the Ribat, with the ruins of Sidi Ghedamsi visible on the island.
Keywords: Islamic, picturesque, Muslim, Mohamed, heritage, historic, Maghreb

PMR049K-04
Austria, Styria, Bruck an der Mur: Ruins of Landskron fortress overlooking the town, from the bridge over the River Mur.
Keywords: Alps

PMR047K-36
Guatemala: Antigua was the capital city of Guatemala from 1541 to 1773, the year of the disastrous earthquake. After considerable renovations, it is now attracting increasing numbers of tourists. Here, the facade of the Cathedral of San Jose (built 1670), still partly ruined after the earthquake of 1773.

PMR046K-33
Nicaragua, Managua: Sad ruin of the 19th century cathedral, Santiago de los Caballeros, destroyed in the 1972 earthquake.
Keywords: religious architecture

PMR046K-15
Costa Rica, Cartago: Parque Central: a fruit stall, with the ruined church, destroyed in the giant earthquake of 1910, in the background.

PMR046K-14
Costa Rica, Cartago: Parque Central, from the steps of the ruined church, destroyed in the giant earthquake of 1910, with the modern Palacio Municipal on the right.

PMR046K-13
Costa Rica, Cartago: Parque Central, with ruins of the Iglesia (church) de la Parroquia, built in 1575 and destroyed in the giant earthquake of 1910, on the far side.

PMR023K-29
Malaysia, Malacca/Melaka: Preserved gravestones inside the fortress "A Famosa" built by the Portuguese in 1511, ruined at the time of the Dutch invasion in 1641.
Keywords: oldest town in Malaysia

PMR023K-28
Malaysia, Malacca/Melaka: St. Paul's Church (Portuguese) and statue of St. Francis Xavier on the historic "A Famosa" hill. The fortress built by the Portuguese in 1511 on this hill was ruined at the time of the Dutch invasion in 1641.
Keywords: oldest town in Malaysia

PMR020K-08
Romania, Wallachia, Drobeta-Turnu-Severin: Ruins of the Roman castra from the time of Hadrian. Its purpose was the defence of the adjacent bridge over the Danube. Today, Yugoslavia (Serbia) lies on the other side of the Danube.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, Roman remains, Roman ruins

PMR017K-14
Syria: Minaret of the Umayyad Mosque from the propylon of a former Temple of Jupiter in the centre of Damascus.
Keywords: arab city, middle east, architecture, Roman ruins

PMR017K-11
Syria: Palmyra, a city known from the first century BC, but became a Roman dependency after AD 18 and was extensively developed until destroyed by Aurelian in 273 AD. Here, fragments of carving from the exterior of a tower grave.
Keywords: archeology, ruined city, architecture, excavations, desert city

PMR017K-10
Syria: Palmyra, a city known from the first century BC, but became a Roman dependency after AD 18 and was extensively developed until destroyed by Aurelian in 273 AD. Here, the coffered ceiling of a grave chamber (tower grave), from the first century AD, with portraits of the family members.
Keywords: archeology, desert city, excavations, architecture, ruined city

PMR017K-09
Syria: Palmyra, a city known from the first century BC, but became a Roman dependency after AD 18 and was extensively developed until destroyed by Aurelian in 273 AD. Here, part of the mighty Baal Temple, which was consecrated in 32 AD, now in ruins.
Keywords: archeology, desert city, excavations, architecture, ruined city

PMR017K-08
Syria: Palmyra, a city known from the first century BC, but became a Roman dependency after AD 18 and was extensively developed until destroyed by Aurelian in 273 AD. Here, view of the fortress, Qalaat ibn Maan, through an arch in the ruins.
Keywords: archeology, ruined city, architecture, excavations, desert city

PMR017K-07
Syria: Palmyra, a city known from the first century BC, but became a Roman dependency after AD 18 and was extensively developed until destroyed by Aurelian in 273 AD. Here, carved vaulting still in place on the ruins of Hadrian's Gate, built after the visit of the emperor in 129 AD.
Keywords: archeology, desert city, excavations, architecture, ruined city

PMR016K-31
Iraq: Hatra, a great Arab city, founded in the third century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture. Here, the "Temple of the Trinity". comprising three "evans", or vaulted bays.
Keywords: excavations, statues, ruined city, temple

PMR016K-30
Iraq: Hatra, a great Arab city, founded in the third century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture. Here, carved heads on the inner wall of the temple.
Keywords: excavations, statues, ruined city, temple

PMR016K-29
Iraq: Hatra, a great Arab city, founded in the third century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture. Here, a carved head of Minerva looks down on those entering the temple.
Keywords: excavations, statues, ruined city, temple

PMR016K-28
Iraq: Hatra, a great Arab city, founded in the third century BC after the fall of the Assyrian empire in 612 BC and Babylon in 539 BC. The buildings combine elements of Hellenistic/Roman and Syrian architecture. Here, carved figures (headless) from the first or second century AD.
Keywords: excavations, statues, ruined city, temple

PMR042K-16
Cyprus: Theletra, a deserted village in the hills of western Cyprus. A couple of houses have recently (2005) been reoccupied and more may follow.
Keywords: abandoned village, ruined houses

PMR042K-15
Cyprus: Theletra, a deserted village in the hills of western Cyprus. A couple of houses have recently (2005) been reoccupied and more may follow.
Keywords: abandoned village, ruined houses

PMR033K-07
England, Yorkshire, Whitby: View of the harbour wall and beach, with St. Mary's Church and the ruined abbey on the hill behind.
Keywords: seaside, holidays, recuperation, holiday resort

PMR033K-05
England, Yorkshire, Whitby: Harbour entrance, with lighthouse, ruined abbey, St. Mary's Church, and boat leaving harbour.
Keywords: seaside, holiday resort, recuperation, holidays

PMR031K-20
Cyprus: Restored second century amphitheatre, originally Hellenistic, at Kourion.
Keywords: archeology, excavations, ruins

PMR031K-19
Cyprus: Ruins of the fifth century basilica at Kourion.
Keywords: archeology, columns

PMR071K-05
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the remains of shopping units on the "Commercial Agora".
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins, Lycia

PMR071K-04
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: view of the sports stadium from the east, showing the three seating terraces.
Keywords: Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman architecture, Lycians, archeology, excavations, towns of antiquity, Lycia

PMR071K-03
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the Graeco-Roman amphitheatre showing the orchestra and ruined stage buildings.
Keywords: Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman architecture, Lycians, archeology, excavations, towns of antiquity, Lycia

PMR071K-02
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: modern simulation of a race on the running track!
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins, Lycia

PMR071K-01
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the Graeco-Roman sports stadium with seating terraces on the left.
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins, Lycia

PMR070K-36
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: view of the Scaene (stage building) of the amphitheatre, which is from the late Hellenic period.
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins, Lycia

PMR070K-35
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the typically Greek, horseshoe-shaped amphitheatre with 20 rows of seats. It enjoys excellent acoustics and views of the landscape.
Keywords: Greek ruins, Lycia, Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman architecture, Lycians, archeology, excavations, towns of antiquity

PMR070K-34
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the central stage entrance doorway to the amphitheatre.
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins, Lycia

PMR070K-33
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the Odeon (concert and meeting hall) is accessed by three arched doorways from the Agora.
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins, Lycia

PMR070K-32
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the retaining wall of the Agora, showing the skill with which irregular stones were fitted together.
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins, Lycia

PMR070K-22
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: view of the harbour and moorings from the fortress on the hill.
Keywords: historical ruins, ruined fortress, sarcophagus, Byzantine fortifications, excavations, archeology, Lycia

PMR070K-21
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: ladies of the settlement preparing their sales onslought on the next group of visitors.
Keywords: historical ruins, archeology, excavations, Byzantine fortifications, sarcophagus, ruined fortress, Lycia

PMR070K-20
The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: visitors being enlightened on the history of the fortress.
Keywords: historical ruins, Lycia, ruined fortress, sarcophagus, Byzantine fortifications, excavations, archeology

PMR070K-19
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: view of the settlement with fortress and quay from the sea.
Keywords: historical ruins, Lycia, ruined fortress, sarcophagus, Byzantine fortifications, excavations, archeology

PMR070K-18
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: approaching the settlement with its crowning fortress from the sea.
Keywords: historical ruins, Lycia, ruined fortress, sarcophagus, Byzantine fortifications, excavations, archeology

PMR070K-11
Turkey, Lacia, Kas: Antiphellos amphitheatre in Kas has just 25 well-preserved rows of seats but dates back to the first century BC.
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins, Lycia

PMR069K-10
Turkey, Lycia, Lydae: Remains of the ancient town of Lydae, on a hill near the Gulf of Fethiye. Here: an unidentified ruined building, and view of the valley and surrounding hills.
Keywords: Roman remains, cities of antiquity, archeological excavations, Graeco-Roman remains, Roman architecture, Lycia

PMR069K-09
Turkey, Lycia, Lydae: Remains of the ancient town of Lydae, on a hill near the Gulf of Fethiye. Here: the ruins of the mortuary temple.
Keywords: Roman remains, cities of antiquity, archeological excavations, Graeco-Roman remains, Roman architecture, Lycia

PMR069K-04
Turkey, Lycia, Kaunos: The ancient Graeco-Roman city of Kaunos lay on the border of Lycia and Karia and its inhabitants made a living from boat-building and the export of salt, slaves and amber. The city finally died when the harbour silted up and strangled communications. Here: view of the well-paved Necropolis Street from the east.
Keywords: Graeco-Roman remains, archeological excavations, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, antique cities

PMR069K-02
Turkey, Lycia, Kaunos: The ancient Graeco-Roman city of Kaunos lay on the border of Lycia and Karia and its inhabitants made a living from boat-building and the export of salt, slaves and amber. The city finally died when the harbour silted up and strangled communications. Here: entry arch to the well-preserved, late Roman baths (Therme), which were among the largest in Asia Minor.
Keywords: Graeco-Roman remains, archeological excavations, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, antique cities, Lycia

PMR069K-01
Turkey, Lycia, Kaunos: The ancient Graeco-Roman city of Kaunos lay on the border of Lycia and Karia and its inhabitants made a living from boat-building and the export of salt, slaves and amber. The city finally died when the harbour silted up and strangled communications. Here: view of the silted-up inner harbour, from the former site of the ancient city.
Keywords: Graeco-Roman remains, archeological excavations, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, antique cities

PMR068K-36
Turkey, Lycia, Kaunos: The ancient Graeco-Roman city of Kaunos lay on the border of Lycia and Karia and its inhabitants made a living from boat-building and the export of salt, slaves and amber. The city finally died when the harbour silted up and strangled communications. Here: the completely silted-up harbour of the ancient city, the cause of its demise.
Keywords: Graeco-Roman remains, archeological excavations, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, antique cities, Lycia

PMR068K-35
Turkey, Lycia, Kaunos: The ancient Graeco-Roman city of Kaunos lay on the border of Lycia and Karia and its inhabitants made a living from boat-building and the export of salt, slaves and amber. The city finally died when the harbour silted up and strangled communications. Here: ruined storehouses.
Keywords: Graeco-Roman remains, archeological excavations, Roman ruins, Greek ruins, antique cities, Lycia

PMR065K-26
Germany, Franconia, Essing: Reflections of houses in the River Altmühl in the Altmühl Valley, with a ruined castle on the cliffs behind.

PMR063K-08
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187. The site was previously used by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came, and is virtually surrounded by a loop of the River Yantra. Here, partially restored ruins of the palace of the first Bulgarian rulers on Tsarevets Hill.

PMR424-09
Germany, Saxony, Dresden: the Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady) is just beginning to rise again from the ruins of WWII (May 1996).
Keywords: city, rebuilding, River Elbe, Rococo, metropolis, architecture, Baroque

PMR418-06
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Munich: newly completed wings of the former Army Museum which was ruined during the war, apart from the central tract. Now the home of the Bavarian State Chancellery. Here reflected in the waters of the new ornamental canal.
Keywords: gardens, München, architecture, historic, dome

PMR418-04
Germany, Upper Bavaria, Munich: newly completed wings of the former Army Museum which was ruined during the war, apart from the central tract. Now the home of the Bavarian State Chancellery.
Keywords: gardens, München, architecture, historic, dome

PMR551-9
Malaysia, Malacca/Melaka: "A Famosa", the fortress built by the Portuguese in 1511, ruined at the time of the Dutch invasion in 1641.
Keywords: ruin, colonial architecture, architecture, fortifications, historic building

PMR681-09
Greece, Island of Kos: view of the ruins of the Asklepieion from the top terrace (of three). Founded about the 5th century BC, it was here that Hippocrates practised his new theories of medical healing.
Keywords: Greek Isles, archeology, Greek Orthodox Church, yachts, colourful, picturesque, Ionian Islands, Dodecanese, Helenic, Hellas, island hopping

PMR678-09
Mongolia, Töv: Mandshir Khiid, a monastery of 350 monks, now in the Bogdkhan Strictly Protected Area, was destroyed on Stalin's orders in 1937, but one temple has been rebuilt as a museum. Ruins of the adobe walls of the former assembly hall of the monastery.
Keywords: Mongol, sharmanism, religious monuments, Chinggis Khaan, Genghis Khan, steppe, Outer Mongolia

PMR639-11
Macedonia, Skopje: devastated by earthquake on 26th July 1963, the capital city has been largely rebuilt. Here:a few kilometres from the present city centre lie the ruins of the Roman town of Skupi, antecedent of Skopje, which was completely wiped out by an earthquake in 518 AD.
Keywords: national heritage, Roman ruins, excavations, archeological site

PMR639-05
Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. Here: the Skanderbeg (Gjergi Kastrioti) Museum, inside the fortress, designed by the daughter and son-in-law of Enver Hoxha.
Keywords: Shqiperia, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje

PMR639-04
Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. View of one of the watchtowers which has recently been rebuilt.
Keywords: Shqiperia, defenders' tower, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje

PMR639-03
Albania: Kruja, site of Skanderbeg's fortress, from where he resisted the might of the Ottoman army from 1443 to 1468. Here: the old bazaar, with the minaret of the mosque behind.
Keywords: Shqiperia, citadel, ruined fortress, fortifications, Kruje

PMR636-08
Croatia, Dalmatia, Solin: ruins of the ancient town of Salona, capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, inhabited until 614 AD when it was taken by barbarians. Here: octagonal baptistery with the font reconstructed in brickwork.
Keywords: Roman ruins, Roman architecture, archeology, excavations, historic, national heritage

PMR636-07
Croatia, Dalmatia, Solin: ruins of the ancient town of Salona, capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, inhabited until 614 AD when it was taken by barbarians. Here: part of the town's public baths (thermae).
Keywords: Roman ruins, Roman architecture, archeology, excavations, historic, national heritage

PMR636-06
Croatia, Dalmatia, Solin: ruins of the ancient town of Salona, capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, inhabited until 614 AD when it was taken by barbarians. Remains of the town's first-century east gate, Porta Caesarea, with wagon wheel tracks in the paving clearly to be seen.
Keywords: Roman ruins, Roman architecture, archeology, excavations, historic, national heritage

PMR631-09
Tunisia, Dougga: the old Roman city of Thugga, the best preserved in north Africa, probably built on the site of an existing Numidian city about 105 BC. A UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site. The Forum (Marketplace), laid out between 14 and 37 AD, was surrounded on three sides by a columned portico. In the foreground a commemorative tablet by the entrance.
Keywords: architecture, archeology, ruined city, historic, heritage, Maghreb

PMR631-08
Tunisia, Dougga: the old Roman city of Thugga, the best preserved in north Africa, probably built on the site of an existing Numidian city about 105 BC. A UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site. The well preserved Capitol, Temple of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, built 166-7 AD. In the Tympanum is a relief showing an eagle raising the fugure of a man.
Keywords: architecture, heritage, historic, ruined city

PMR631-06
Tunisia, Dougga: the old Roman city of Thugga, the best preserved in north Africa, probably built on the site of an existing Numidian city about 105 BC. A UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site. The sparse remains of a Minerva Temple, built between 138 and 161 AD. Beyond, the cultivated plains, with olive groves.
Keywords: architecture, heritage, historic, ruined city

PMR631-05
Tunisia: Dougga: the old Roman city of Thugga, the best preserved in north Africa, probably built on the site of an existing Numidian city about 105 BC. A UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site. View of the Juno Caelestis Temple, founded between 222 and 235 AD by Julius Gabinius, and half surrounded by a crescent-shaped wall.
Keywords: architecture, ruined city, historic, heritage, Maghreb

PMR624-07
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: tiered stone seating in the Odeon, the concert and meeting hall, showing the orchestra and rear of the facade.
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins

PMR624-06
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the "State Agora", with three arched doorways on the north side leading into the Odeon, the concert and meeting hall.
Keywords: Greek ruins, towns of antiquity, excavations, archeology, Lycians, Graeco-Roman architecture, Graeco-Roman ruins, Roman ruins

PMR624-05
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: the "State Agora" with retaining walls - the southern wall has collapsed into the valley.
Keywords: Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman architecture, Lycians, archeology, excavations, towns of antiquity

PMR624-04
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: stairway leading to the "State Agora" from the gymnasium and baths complex.
Keywords: Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman architecture, Lycians, archeology, excavations, towns of antiquity

PMR624-03
Turkey, Lycia, Arykanda: The ancient city of Arykanda or Arykandos which may date back to the 20th century BC, disappeared from the map of the known world after the Graeco-Roman inhabitants left, until rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838. Since then many Graeco-Roman remains have come to light. Situated on the side of a steep, rocky hill, Arykanda was easy to defend, and required no extensive fortifications. Here: facade wall of the Graeco-Roman gymnasium and baths complex on a lower terrace.
Keywords: Greek ruins, Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman ruins, Graeco-Roman architecture, Lycians, archeology, excavations, towns of antiquity

PMR623-09
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: Mohamed, a young blond Turk on a Lycian stone sarcophagus whose lid represents an upturned boat.
Keywords: historical ruins, ruined fortress, sarcophagus, Byzantine fortifications, excavations, archeology

PMR623-08
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: view of some of the ancient sarcophagi on the hill behind the village.
Keywords: historical ruins, archeology, excavations, Byzantine fortifications, sarcophagus, ruined fortress

PMR623-07
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: view of the village from the jetty, ascending the hillside in terraces.
Keywords: historical ruins, ruined fortress, sarcophagus, Byzantine fortifications, excavations, archeology

PMR623-06
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: the tiny harbour, with the dominating fortress behind.
Keywords: historical ruins, ruined fortress, sarcophagus, Byzantine fortifications, excavations, archeology

PMR623-05
Turkey, Lycia, Simena: The former Greek coastal village of Simena can only be reached from the sea - there are no roads connecting it to the hinterland, so development is limited, and little has changed since the Greeks left in 1922. About 200 people live here permanently. Crowning the village is a mediaeval fortress, and scattered around the village are numerous Lycian stone sarcophagi. Here: approaching the settlement from the sea, the visitor is met by traders in small boats.
Keywords: historical ruins, ruined fortress, sarcophagus, Byzantine fortifications, excavations, archeology

PMR617-10
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Essing: The wooden bridge which crosses the River Altmühl to provide access to the village of Essing, with the old gate tower commanding the entrance. A ruined tower sits atop the lofty cliff behind.
Keywords: limestone cliffs, Altmühl Valley, Fränkische Schweiz

PMR617-09
Germany, Bavaria, Franconia, Essing: Swans by the wooden bridge which crosses the River Altmühl to provide access to the village of Essing, with the old gate tower commanding the entrance. A ruined tower sits atop the lofty cliff behind.
Keywords: limestone cliffs, Altmühl Valley, Fränkische Schweiz

PMR614-04
Bulgaria, Assenovgrad: Sveta Bogorodiza Church, two and a half kilometres south of the town and perched high on a rocky crag, was formerly part of the Byzantine fortress established in the 11/12th century. View from the ruins of the fortress.
Keywords: religious building, Orthodox church

PMR612-12
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: partially restored ruins of the palace of the Bulgarian rulers on Tsarevets Hill, originally extending to 6000 square metres.
Keywords: historical site, archeological excavations, ruined fortifications, defence towers, battlements, fortifications, Bulgarian heritage, archeological site

PMR612-11
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the fortifications on the west side of Tsarevets Hill and the rock escarpments surrounding the town.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-10
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the Assen Quarter, with its bridges over the River Yantra and numerous old churches. In the foreground stands the Church of the 40 Martyrs, currently under restoration (2005).
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-09
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: the sole entry to the fortified Tsarevets Hill, along a narrow ridge and through several fortified gateways.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-08
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Antique shops in Georgi C. Rakovski Street, built in the traditional Turkish style with tiled fronts.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-07
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: Georgi C. Rakovski Street, with its Turkish-style, tiled frontages, is now a pedestrian zone with many souvenir shops.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-06
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: houses in the old quarter of the town, perched in terraces on the lip of the gorge.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-05
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: monument to the Assen Brothers.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-04
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: the main north-south arterial road tunnels under the town.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-03
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here:Gurko Street, in the old quarter, with Gurko Hotel-Mechana (near the yellow taxi).
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-02
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: part of the town, showing the River Yantra, the main road, and the fortification wall.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR612-01
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: fortifications on Tsarevets Hill, with recently rebuilt Patriarchal Church on the summit.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-12
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the town from the fortifications on Tsarevets Hill, with a defence tower and a surviving Ionic column in the foreground.
Keywords: historical site, archeological excavations, ruined fortifications, defence towers, battlements, fortifications, Bulgarian heritage, archeological site

PMR611-11
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: "Execution Rock" ("Lobna skala") where condemned prisoners were forced to jump to their deaths.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-10
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of a fortified tower and wall, with remaining foundations of dwellings (right), and showing the rock escarpment which surrounds the town.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-09
Bulgaria: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: the Assen Quarter (the oldest part of the town) and road bridge over the River Yantra, seen from the fortifications on Tsarevets Hill, with a reconstructed watch-tower in the foreground.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-08
Bulgara: Veliko Tarnovo, situated on a rocky hill within a loop of the River Yantra, was the first capital of Bulgaria from 1187, after the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393) by the Assen Brothers, Peter and Ivan. The site was previously occupied by the Thracians and then the Romans before the Bulgarians came in the 12 th century. Here: view of the Assen Quarter (the oldest part of the town) and the foot-bridge opver the River Yantra.
Keywords: historical site, archeological site, Bulgarian heritage, fortifications, battlements, defence towers, ruined fortifications, archeological excavations

PMR611-05
Bulgaria: Varna, one of Europe's oldest cities, was founded as a trading colony of Greek Miletus in 570 BC, but the area has been settled for at least seven millennia. Under the Greeks and Romans it was known as Odessos. Now a thriving holiday resort on the Black Sea with a population of over 350,000. Here: ruins of the Roman baths (Thermae) built during the second century AD, and said to be the fourth largest Roman baths in Europe.
Keywords: Roman ruins, archeological site, archeological excavations

PMR606-02
Malta, Gozo, Xaghra: altar niche in the Ggantije prehistoric temple, dating back to the 4th millennium BC. The outer wall is believed to have been at least 10 metres high.
Keywords: prehistoric temple, ruin, copper age, altar

PMR603-11
Malta: Hagar Qim, a prehistoric temple from about 3000 BC formed from stone monoliths. Little is known of the builders.
Well-dressed stone monolith near the entrance passage; presumably all the stones were equally accurately finished originally.
Keywords: architecture, prehistoric temple, ruin, copper age

PMR603-10
Malta: Hagar Qim, a prehistoric temple from about 3000 BC formed from stone monoliths. Little is known of the builders.
Stone altars, with (behind) the highest monolith in the north eastern wall.
Keywords: architecture, prehistoric temple, ruin, copper age

PMR603-09
Malta: Hagar Qim, a prehistoric temple from about 3000 BC formed from stone monoliths. Little is known of the builders.
An altar niche, with mushroom-shaped altar, typical of the copper age temples.
Keywords: architecture, prehistoric temple, ruin, copper age

PMR603-08
Malta: Hagar Qim, a prehistoric temple from about 3000 BC formed from stone monoliths. Little is known of the builders.
Typical doorways formed from horizontal and vertical slabs of stone.
Keywords: architecture, copper age, prehistoric temple, ruin

PMR602-06
Spain, Caceres: River Tajo with road bridge in Monfrague National Park - view from the Castillo de Monfrague.
Keywords: ruined castle

PMR597-03
Austria, Styria, Bruck an der Mur: the town is overlooked by the ruins of the old fortress of Landskron.

PMR583-10
Nicaragua, Managua: Sad ruin of the Catedral Santiago de los Caballeros, destroyed in the 1972 earthquake.
Keywords: cathedral

PMR665-12
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: the Temple of Zeus, which stands on a prominence dominating the city, was built in about 165 AD, and has been badly damaged by earthquakes. It is under constant (French) restoration.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR665-11
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: top part of the stone stairway, leading through another gate, to the Temple of Artemis, whose columns are just visible.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR665-10
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: the well-preserved Nymphaeum on the Cardo Maximus, built about 191 AD, originally had a pool with fountains. a half-dome roof, and was faced with marble throughout.
Keywords: Roman architecture, archeological site, Gilead Hills, Gerasa, national heritage, classical architecture, archeology, excavations, ruined city

PMR665-09
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: remains of the monumental Propylaeum and stone stairway up to the Temple of Artemis, built 150-170 AD, and the most important temple in the city.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR665-08
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: part of the colonnaded street, the Cardo Maximus, with original paving still bearing the tracks of cart wheels and complete with sidewalk and drainage sewers. The Corinthian columns mark the entrance to the Macellum or market place.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR665-07
Jordan, Jerash: already settled in Neolithic times, Jerash was later occupied by Greeks and Romans, and the latter are responsible for most of the surviving architecture which dates from 64 BC. By the first/second century AD the town had a population of about 15-20,000 inhabitants and was known as "Gerasa".

This picture: the Triumphal Arch of Hadrian, built for the Emperor's visit in 129 AD, is under constant restoration.
Keywords: Roman architecture, ruined city, excavations, archeology, classical architecture, national heritage, Gerasa, Gilead Hills, archeological site

PMR665-03
Jordan, Aqaba: the recently excavated "Egyptian Gate" of the old Islamic town of Ayla, predecessor of Aqaba, built about 650 AD:
Keywords: archeology, ruined town, Islamic ruins, national heritage, historic, excavations

PMR663-04
Jordan: Petra is a historical city dating back to about 500-600 BC, founded by the Nabataeans, whose capital it was. Lying in the Wadi Musa, many of its temples and tombs were carved out of the sandstone rock in gorges and in cliff faces, and some have been well preserved from erosion. The architecture shows evidence of Egyptian, and later, Graeco-Roman influence, but the Nabataeans had their own, distinctive style. The city in the desert thrived due to a well thought-out system of water control. Petra was designated a World Heritage Site on 6th December 1985.

This picture: the Great Temple, built by the Nabataeans in the first century BC: view of the lower temenos with its triple colonnade, from the theatron. Opposite: the ruins of the Temple of the Winged Lions:
Keywords: rose red city, geology, archeological site, Egyptian architecture, Greek architecture, Roman architecture, rock tombs, natural caves, Nabataean capital

PMR655-08
Peru, Cusco, Pisac: In the vicinity of Pisac and the "Sacred Valley" a number of important Inca sites are to be found.
The ruins of Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, another part of the Inca Pisac complex (higher than Pisaqa), which contained temples and baths, and had an astronomical significance. In this view the excellence of the construction techniques used by the Incas can be appreciated. The cylindrical protrusions were for pegging the roof.
Keywords: High Andes, Cuzco, Qosqo, Inca architecture, Urubamba Valley

PMR655-07
Peru, Cusco, Pisac: In the vicinity of Pisac and the "Sacred Valley" a number of important Inca sites are to be found.
The ruins of Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, another part of the Inca Pisac complex (higher than Pisaqa), which contained temples and baths, and had an astronomical significance.
Keywords: High Andes, Urubamba Valley, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR655-06
Peru, Cusco, Pisac: In the vicinity of Pisac and the "Sacred Valley" a number of important Inca sites are to be found.
The ruins of Pisaqa, the lower part of the Inca Pisac complex, which was destroyed by the Spaniards. Built with unworked stone, unlike Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, so probably former dwelling houses.
Keywords: High Andes, Urubamba Valley, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR655-04
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the site from the "watchman's post", showing the residential section in the foreground, the main square (grassed), "Intiwatana" (astronomical observatory), with the sacred mountain "Huayna Picchu" in the background. In sunshine.
Keywords: High Andes, historic site, Quechua, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR655-03
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the River Urubamba (right), with the access road, Hiram Bingham Highway, serviced by buses, winding up to the site in a series of hairpin bends.
Keywords: High Andes, historic site, Quechua, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR655-02
Peru, Cusco, Machu Picchu: ruins of a pre-Colombian Inca site situated 2430 metres a.s.l. on a ridge above the Urubamba River (the Inca "Sacred Valley"). Sometimes called "The Lost City of the Incas" because it was not found by the Spanish invaders. Begun in 1430 AD, it was abandoned before completion for reasons which are not yet clear. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

View of the site from the "watchman's post", showing the residential section in the foreground, the main square (grassed), "Intiwatana" (astronomical observatory), with the sacred mountain "Huayna Picchu" in the background.
Keywords: High Andes, historic site, Quechua, Inca architecture, Qosqo, Cuzco

PMR654-11
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.
Keywords: High Andes, Saksaq Waman, Cuzco, Qosqo, La Ciudad Imperial, The Imperial City, Historical Capital of Peru, colonial architecture, architecture

PMR654-10
Peru: Cusco/Cuzco/Qosqo (3300 metres a.s.l.), was occupied by the Killke people, from about 900 to 1200 AD, after which it became the capital city of the Incas. Inca legend has it that the city was built by Chief Pachacuti. In 1533 the Spanish arrived and largely rebuilt the city. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Ruins of the (Inca?) construction Sacsayhuaman, believed by some to have been a fortress. Three parallel lines of zig-zag walls run for about 360 metres and there are 21 bastions. The stones, some of them weighing in excess of 130 tons, fit together so precisely that it is impossible to insert a sheet of paper between them. How this was achieved is still a mystery. The walls are now about 6 metres high, after the Spanish used the upper part as a quarry for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 20% of the original structure survives. Recent excavations suggest that the walls may have been built by the Killke people before the Incas came.
Keywords: High Andes, Saksaq Waman, Cuzco, Qosqo, La Ciudad Imperial, The Imperial City, Historical Capital of Peru, colonial architecture, architecture

PMR652-04
Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, a branch of the Diaguita tribe, who resisted both Incas and Spaniards until forcibly relocated by the latter in 1667 to a reservation near Buenos Aires. The settlement comprised about 5000 persons. Restored in 1978. View from above showing the Calchaquies Valley behind.
Keywords: excavations, archeology, ruined settlement, indigenous people

PMR652-03
Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, a branch of the Diaguita tribe, who resisted both Incas and Spaniards until forcibly relocated by the latter in 1667 to a reservation near Buenos Aires. The settlement comprised about 5000 persons. Restored in 1978. View from the side showing surviving foundation walls.
Keywords: excavations, archeology, ruined settlement, indigenous people

PMR652-02
Argentina, Tucumán: the ruins of a pre-Inca citadel of the Quilmes people, a branch of the Diaguita tribe, who resisted both Incas and Spaniards until forcibly relocated by the latter in 1667 to a reservation near Buenos Aires. The settlement comprised about 5000 persons. Restored in 1978. View from above.
Keywords: excavations, archeology, ruined settlement, indigenous people

PMR650-08
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The magnificent Arch of Septimius Severus built in 203 AD in the emperor's native town, is in a state of continual reconstruction. View from the south, showing the restored stone reliefs on the inside of the arches.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR650-07
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Bronze statue of Emperor Septimius Severus, a native of Leptis Magna, who ruled the empire from 193 to 211 AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR650-06
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Roman mausoleum in front of the museum.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR650-05
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The magnificent Arch of Septimius Severus built in 203 AD in the emperor's native town, is in a state of continual reconstruction. View from the north-west, looking along the Decumanus.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR650-04
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A row of stone column bases, with the re-erected columns on the top of the theatre cavea in the background.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR650-03
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The theatre is one of the oldest in the Roman world, dating from 1-2 AD. The stage was backed by a forest of graceful, fluted columns and statues, with entrances left, right and centre, added by Antoninus Pius between 138 and 161 AD.
A closer look at the columns backing the stage, all carefully reassembled from broken fragments.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR650-02
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The theatre is one of the oldest in the Roman world, dating from 1-2 AD. The stage was backed by a forest of graceful, fluted columns and statues, with entrances left, right and centre, added by Antoninus Pius between 138 and 161 AD.
The left hand wing of the stage, with an inscription in Latin and Punic over the doorway.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR650-01
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

An impressive row of re-erected cipolin columns, mostly with capitals, part of the Post Scaenum Portico.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-12
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The theatre is one of the oldest in the Roman world, dating from 1-2 AD. The stage was backed by a forest of graceful, fluted columns and statues, with entrances left, right and centre, added by Antoninus Pius between 138 and 161 AD.
View from the top centre of the Cavea with the sea in the background. The VIPs sat on the first four rows, in front of the stone barrier.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-11
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The theatre is one of the oldest in the Roman world, dating from 1-2 AD. The stage was backed by a forest of graceful, fluted columns and statues, with entrances left, right and centre, added by Antoninus Pius between 138 and 161 AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-10
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Via Trionfale (Cardo) with the Arch of Trajan and the Arch of Tiberius.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-09
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The steps and remaining columns at the front of the Chalcidium, facing on to the Via Trionfale (Cardo). Inside was a colonnaded portico and temple to Augustus and Venus. Built in the first century AD by Augustus. The Arch of Trajan stands on the right.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-08
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

One of two octagonal market halls with stone counters for trading wares.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-07
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A stone in the market, inscribed with linear measures:
top: Roman/Punic arm (51.5cm.)
middle: Roman/Alexandrine foot: (29.5cm.)
bottom: Greek/Ptolemaic arm (52.5cm.)
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR649-06
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Byzantine Gate on the Via Trionfale (Cardo) built by the Emperor Justinian in the 6th century AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-05
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The ruins of the Temple of Liber Pater and the Temple of Roma and Augustus adjacent to the Old Forum.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-04
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Stele, standing in the Old Forum, originally with bronze inlaid lettering. An abbreviated translation in Punic appears at the bottom.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-03
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The remains of the Old Forum, enclosed by three temples on the left and a basilica on the right, with an Italian archeologist taking notes.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR649-02
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Adjacent to the north-eastern side of the Forum stood the Basilica of Septimius Severus, 92 metres long by 40 metres wide, the nave lined by red granite columns, some of which are presently lying in the Forum. Carved limestone column in the apse showing a Bachanalian figure mounted on a lion, which is standing on a vase.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR649-01
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Adjacent to the north-eastern side of the Forum stood the Basilica of Septimius Severus, 92 metres long by 40 metres wide, the nave lined by red granite columns, some of which are presently lying in the Forum. Carved limestone columns in the apse, with scenes ornamented with vines and bunches of grapes.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-12
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Adjacent to the north-eastern side of the Forum stood the Basilica of Septimius Severus, 92 metres long by 40 metres wide, the nave lined by red granite columns, some of which are presently lying in the Forum.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-11
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The New Forum of Septimius Severus, laid out during his reign (193-211 AD), originally surrounded by colonnaded porticoes, was ruined in the great earthquake of 365 AD.
One of the carved heads of Medusa which were mounted all round the interior of the Forum.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-10
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The New Forum of Septimius Severus, laid out during his reign (193-211 AD), originally surrounded by colonnaded porticoes, was ruined in the great earthquake of 365 AD.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-09
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The outer wall of the New Forum of Septimius Severus which he laid out between 193 and 211 AD to replace the old forum.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR648-08
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Laconica (sweat bath) with columned surround in the enormous Baths of Hadrian, opened around 130 AD, soon after the city was provided with running water. The building was commissioned by the Emperor Hadrian.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-07
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Natatio (swimming pool and entrance hall) in front of the enormous Baths of Hadrian, opened around 130 AD, soon after the city was provided with running water. The building was commissioned by the Emperor Hadrian. The Palaestra is visible in the background.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-06
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The wall of the Frigidarium (the largest hall) of the enormous Baths of Hadrian, opened around 130 AD, soon after the city was provided with running water. The building was commissioned by the Emperor Hadrian.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR648-05
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The columned Palaestra in front of the enormous Baths of Hadrian, opened around 130 AD, soon after the city was provided with running water. The building was commissioned by the Emperor Hadrian.
Keywords: Roman architecture, historical city, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR648-03
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The magnificent Arch of Septimius Severus built in 203 AD in the emperor's native town, is in a state of continual reconstruction. Details of the fluted Corinthian columns with pediment and the carved floral decoration.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR648-02
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The magnificent Arch of Septimius Severus built in 203 AD in the emperor's native town, is in a state of continual reconstruction. The Arch of Antoninus Pius is visible in the distance to the north-west along the Decumanus.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR648-01
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Leptis Magna. The city was founded by Phoenician colonists about 1100 BC but became part of the Roman Empire when Carthage fell in the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. It became the largest and most prosperous city in Roman Africa. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The amphitheatre was built on a hillside about 3 kilometres from the centre, in the first century AD, and held about 16,000 spectators.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic, historical city

PMR647-12
Libya, Tripolitania, Abu Nijayn: the ruins of a Roman outpost of the "Limes Tripolitanus" stand isolated in the desert, after being dug out of the sand. General view of the scant remaining walls of the outpost.
Keywords: Maghreb, Bu Ngem, Abou Njam, barren, sand-dune landscape, sand dunes, Sahara Desert, Roman architecture, excavations

PMR647-11
Libya, Tripolitania, Abu Nijayn: the ruins of a Roman outpost of the "Limes Tripolitanus" stand isolated in the desert, after being dug out of the sand. The former entrance gate.
Keywords: Maghreb, excavations, Roman architecture, Sahara Desert, sand dunes, sand-dune landscape, barren, Abou Njam, Bu Ngem

PMR647-06
Libya, Fezzan, Garama: ruined site of the Garamantian capital city, founded in about the first century AD, with mud brick buildings. Partially excavated by the Italians in the 1930s. Foundations of a stone building from Roman times.
Keywords: Maghreb, Roman architecture, Garamantes, Sahara Desert, sand dunes, sand-dune landscape, barren

PMR647-05
Libya, Fezzan, Garama: ruined site of the Garamantian capital city, founded in about the first century AD, with mud brick buildings. Partially excavated by the Italians in the 1930s. General view of the site, with some of the highest surviving walls of the Garamantian city.
Keywords: Maghreb, Garamantes, Sahara Desert, sand dunes, sand-dune landscape, barren

PMR647-04
Libya, Fezzan, Garama: ruined site of the Garamantian capital city, founded in about the first century AD, with mud brick buildings. Partially excavated by the Italians in the 1930s. Evidence of Roman influence - a wellhead of hewn stone and the lower walls of a stone building in the background.
Keywords: Maghreb, Roman architecture, Garamantes, Sahara Desert, sand dunes, sand-dune landscape, barren

PMR647-03
Libya, Fezzan, Garama: ruined site of the Garamantian capital city, founded in about the first century AD, with mud brick buildings. Partially excavated by the Italians in the 1930s. Excavated mud walls of early dwellings.
Keywords: Maghreb, Sahara Desert, sand dunes, sand-dune landscape, barren

PMR647-02
Libya, Fezzan, Garama: ruined site of the Garamantian capital city, founded in about the first century AD, with mud brick buildings. Partially excavated by the Italians in the 1930s. Part of the breached perimeter wall.
Keywords: Maghreb, Sahara Desert, sand dunes, sand-dune landscape, barren

PMR641-07
Libya: view of the surrounding barren landscape from a ruined Roman/Byzantine fortress standing on a hill at Gariyat.
Keywords: Roman architecture, castle, fortifications, fortress, Maghreb, Byzantine architecture

PMR641-03
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its apogee under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982.

The stage of the well-preserved theatre, dating from 190 AD, with its three-tiered facade incorporating 108 fluted Corinthian columns, and finely carved semi-circular niches in the front of the stage.
Keywords: Roman architecture, artistic, stone carving, archeological excavations, archeology, Maghreb, Punic architecture

PMR641-02
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its apogee under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982.

The headless statue of Flavius Tullus on a fountain at the corner of the Antonine Temple. He was the commissioner of the aqueduct which supplied the city with its water.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic

PMR641-01
Libya, Tripolitania: ruins of the ancient city of Sabratha, founded about 500 BC as a Phoenician trading post, later being Romanised after Carthage fell to the Romans in the Third Punic War in 146 BC. It reached its apogee under the Emperor Septimius Severus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, but was severely damaged in an earthquake in 365 AD. After the Arab conquest it lost all importance to Leptis Magna. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982.

An example of the inspired stone carving on a piece of fallen masonry, with the capital of a Corinthian column behind.
Keywords: Roman architecture, Punic architecture, Maghreb, archeology, archeological excavations, stone carving, artistic

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